In the east of the world, there is a beautiful and rich land with a relatively closed geographical position. The southwest and west are insurmountable mountains, the north is quicksand Gobi, and the east is the sea. People living in this land have lived together since ancient times, interacting with each other, learning from each other, and of course there are conflicts and wars. Before the era, the people in this land formed a unified country, that is, China. From then on, China will be divided and combined, and eventually it will be unified. What forces bind many ethnic groups together? Many scholars believe that it is the power of culture, and the profound Chinese culture is the bond that closely connects people of all ethnic groups. It is generally correct to say that culture has indeed played a huge role in it, but it cannot fundamentally explain the problem. Everything in the world should always be traced back to the source and find the reason from the source and root. Materialism holds that matter comes first and spirit comes second. What is matter? Matter is the food in a person's mouth, the clothes on his body, the house he lives in and the means of production. In order to survive and develop production, different ethnic groups in this land of China must exchange needed goods and support each other when encountering major natural disasters. Naturally, a same interest group will be formed, then a same economy will be formed, and finally a unified country will be formed. Therefore, fundamentally speaking, it is the economic ties that link all kinds of people in China.

Now, we can't know exactly how humans living here interacted during the long prehistoric period. According to archaeological excavations in recent years, the ancient civilization of China is by no means unique to the Yellow River Basin. In Zhejiang, Sichuan and the northeast of China, splendid ancient civilization remains have been discovered. This shows that the ancient civilization in China is spreading around with the Central Plains as the core, showing a magnificent picture of the bright stars and the stars holding the moon. People in ancient times were not imprisoned in a corner from generation to generation as people later imagined. "The voice of chickens and dogs is endless, and the people will not talk to each other until they die." In the period of low productivity and living on weeds, the flow of people is much more frequent, larger and wider than people think.

According to historical records, Shunnan's tour started in Puban, Kyoto, Henan, crossed the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, waded into Dongting to Jiuyi Mountain, and was buried in the wild of Cangwu, namely Lingnan. In order to control water, I went to Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Now there are grave and well in Shaoxing and Huiji Mountain. Later, according to historical records, Shao Kang's illegitimate son in Xia Dynasty went to the Vietnamese residential area south of Zhejiang, all the way to Guangdong and Guangxi, while Tai Bo, the eldest son of Zhou Taigong, went from the Central Plains to Wuxi Meili in the south of the Yangtze River, "being named Wu, Jing is righteous, so it belongs to more than a thousand families." They all brought advanced production technology and advanced culture.

The ancients in China referred to the northern minorities as Hu and the southern minorities as Yue. The Han nationality is a mixture of Di, Rong, Xiongnu, Xianbei, Di and Qiang. Among them, there are even Caucasians, because some of the white Xiongnu, which is called by the west as a plug-in, have always stayed in the northwest. Ethnic integration in the north may be earlier than that in the south. According to "Mu Chuan", before the Western Zhou Dynasty, the tribal leader of Ji's surname "moved to Taiyuan to take the east of the five kings" and met the legendary Queen Mother of the West. According to experts' research, the Queen Mother of the West did exist in history. She was the leader of a matriarchal social tribe. The time is more than 3,000 to 5,000 years ago. Her place is the vast area sandwiched between Kunlun Mountain and Qilian Mountain on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the grassland around Qinghai Lake and the Qaidam Basin. This tribe is the "grandma's home" of Ji tribe. When you meet the Queen Mother of the West, you will visit relatives.

Another major factor causing ethnic conflicts and integration in the north is the increasingly arid climate in the north. When Zhou Youwang was in China, there was a drought in the northern grassland. "No grass will die, and no wood will wither." Grassland people invaded eastward on a large scale, living in the south of the water mirror and living in the north of the water mirror. They also mingle with the local aborigines. According to the textual research of the late famous historian Mr Meng, Qin Shihuang who unified China was not a Han Chinese, but his ancestor was a remnant Rong family. (Some experts say that Li in the Tang Dynasty was of Xianbei descent, just to show orthodoxy and refused to admit it. ) Qin fiefs are not between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, but between the citizens of Xishu, Rong and Di. Di was called "stubborn" in the Zhou Dynasty and Xiongnu in the Han Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, hundreds of thousands of Huns, that is, southern Huns, settled in eight counties in the northwest, and the court provided means of subsistence and sent troops to protect them. Later, during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, ethnic minorities outside the Central Plains ruled the north of the Yellow River. Fu Jian, the former monarch of Qin Dynasty, who was famous for the battle of fat and water, used to be the chief of Xirong. The territory controlled by the former Qin Dynasty used to be "the sea in the east and Qiuci in the west (between Kuqa and Shaya counties in Xinjiang)". Later, the Mongols in Mobei established the Yuan Dynasty in China, and the Nuzhen of Changbai Mountain in Jilin entered the Central Plains to establish the Qing Dynasty, which is familiar to everyone.

A large number of historical facts show that today's China is not the product of the Han nationality's invasion and expansion between the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, but was created by many different nationalities in China's great economic circle, the same economic platform and the vast historical stage through long-term and sometimes painful activities.

The situation south of the Yangtze River can also prove this point. Under the radiation and influence of the Central Plains civilization, the productivity of Baiyue nationality in the south of the Yangtze River has developed rapidly, and it has maintained close ties with the people of the Central Plains, including blood relations, which is an inseparable part of China's economy. When Qin Shihuang unified China, he did send 500,000 troops to fight the Baiyue people south of the Yangtze River, and "it took three years to get rid of the crossbow". Qin Shihuang's move is essentially the need of the development of productive forces, and there is an invisible hand at work behind it. In fact, after the reunification of China, including Baiyue area, the productivity has developed by leaps and bounds. The Lingqu built by Qin Shihuang in Guilin greatly improved the local agricultural production level. After more than 2000 years, it is still playing the role of irrigation, but its role in transportation and shipping has been abandoned because of the emergence of modern means of transportation.

After studying the history of China, serious western scholars come to the conclusion that the emperor of China had no ambitions for foreign countries. Stavri Anoos, a famous American historian, said in "General History of the World" that China, unlike Europe, has a long history and has always been an agricultural civilization, and does not know what benefits overseas enterprises have, so it will not expand abroad. He still didn't understand that China made seven voyages to the Western Ocean from 1405 to 1433, and the scale and scope were absolutely in the leading position in the world at that time, but suddenly stopped inexplicably at 1433. If China and Europeans had made a "geographical discovery" at that time, the world today might be different. He also saw from the tribute system that the ancient emperors of China had different purposes in dealing with international relations from those of Europe. He wrote: "The main purpose of this tribute system is to ensure peace and order in China's long border areas. In fact, it is usually successful. The reasons why small countries accept this system are: associating with China court can improve their prestige; Cultural benefits can be obtained from the center of great civilization; In addition, it is economically profitable to be in a subordinate position, because the gifts given to them by China people are more valuable than the gifts they provide. In addition, they also get some trade preferences. "

Agricultural civilization is characterized by attaching importance to stability and relocation, because farmers can't live without land, have no impulse to make a living overseas, and are only worried about the invasion and destruction of nomadic tribes. Therefore, the rulers of past dynasties have adopted the defensive in foreign relations. Even if they attack, they take the offensive as the defensive. The purpose is to protect the territory and people, not to expand the territory or open up overseas colonies.

The 5,000-year-old mode of production and lifestyle are deposited in the culture of the Chinese nation, and culture has great stability. This kind of culture will be a stabilizing factor of the world in the era of globalization. Any doubt is groundless, and any distortion and slander of China's history is not conducive to regional peace and cooperation among countries in the region, nor to world peace and cooperation among all nationalities in the world.