First, the length. The length of the abstract often depends on the number of words in the article (generally accounting for 5% of the text). Generally, the abstracts of published papers (3-5k) are between 150-200 words, while those of regular undergraduate papers are around 300-500 words, and those of master's papers are around 500- 1000 words.

Of course, some schools have corresponding regulations in the paper writing requirements. When this happens, we must do it according to the requirements of the school.

Second, the abstract structure. The structure of general abstract can be divided into general summary, two paragraphs (three paragraphs) and discussion.

1, the total score formula is to explain the whole work content of the article first, and then describe the research work and conclusions of each link. This kind of abstract often appears in experimental articles, that is, after introducing the research purpose and experimental content, the experimental results are explained in detail.

2. Two-paragraph abstract is the most common abstract structure, which is used in various types and professional articles.

The structure of two-stage abstract is relatively simple. The first paragraph is usually an explanation of the purpose and significance of the research. On the basis of the first paragraph, the second paragraph gives an overall overview of what the article has done, mainly focusing on analyzing the current situation → finding problems → putting forward countermeasures.

Three-stage abstract is the evolution of two-stage abstract, which adds a research conclusion and prospect on the basis of retaining the two-stage structure.

3. Point-by-point discussion abstracts are mainly used for reportable articles, such as our most common medical papers. The abstract structure of such articles is very clear, namely: purpose, method, result and conclusion. When writing a summary, take these four points as subheadings and fill in the contents of each heading.

Third, the taboo of abstract writing.

Taboo 1: Abstract, as a summary of the content of the paper, covers the core content of the paper, so the methods and conclusions appearing in the abstract must be real in the paper, especially the data, so there must be no inconsistency between the abstract and the article.

Taboo 2: Abstract is the author's summary of his own article, and there can be no quotation marks, charts, formulas, etc. This problem often appears in some students who are writing papers for the first time, so we must pay attention to it.

Taboo 3: typos, language barriers, unclear expression. The content must be highly concise and clearly expressed. When expressing, we must pay attention to the quality of sentences and avoid basic expression problems.