Keywords: hospital building; Master plan; Monomer design
Nowadays, the development of medical technology and the continuous improvement of medical model have a profound impact on the design of hospital buildings. Modern hospital buildings should adapt to the changes of various restrictive factors to meet social needs. Taking Xi 'an 14 1 hospital construction project as an example, this paper analyzes some concepts in the architectural design practice of modern general hospitals.
1, principles of hospital architectural design
1. 1 humanistic
The whole process from building layout, environmental facilities to diagnosis and treatment services should be centered on the convenience of patients, providing people with a convenient and comfortable medical environment and providing a good working environment for medical staff who have worked in hospitals for a long time.
1.2 scientific and reasonable
According to the characteristics of hospitals, the separation of doctors and patients, cleaning and sewage separation should be considered in architectural design. From the whole to the individual, we should implement the core principle of controlling cross-infection, set up reasonable landscape protection green space between buildings, emphasize natural ventilation and lighting, analyze the flow of people in detail, and make clear the division and diversion of cleaning and pollution from the whole to the local.
1.3 green ecology
Hospitals belong to high energy consumption industries. In architectural design, we should first strive to create a green and ecological landscape environment. Secondly, the use of efficient energy utilization facilities, combined with renewable energy, reduce environmental pollution and save energy.
1.4 sustainable development
With the rapid development of modern medical technology and equipment, the application of new technology and equipment directly or indirectly affects the development of medical model. The design of hospital buildings should also adapt to the development of medical model and reserve space for flexible transformation.
2. Overall planning and monomer layout of the building
Hospital is a public building with complex functions. The planning and design of hospital buildings should take the overall situation into consideration, grasp it from all levels of cities, campuses and buildings, strictly follow the principle of separating clean areas from polluted areas, isolate infected areas from non-infected areas, and prevent cross-infection in hospitals. As far as the general general hospital is concerned, it is mainly composed of four parts: medical treatment (including emergency, medical technology and hospitalization), medical logistics, administrative office and life service. For a general hospital with teaching and scientific research functions, its functional composition should also include teaching facilities and scientific research rooms. There are different degrees of connection between functional components. In the planning and design, it is necessary to comprehensively handle the relationship between the various components, and reasonably arrange the location according to the terrain, roads and building status around the site. In the planning and design of Xi 'an 14 1 hospital, we have comprehensively considered the following aspects: determining the location of the hospital; Improve the development system and sense of spatial order of the hospital; Form a convenient contact and reasonable framework for outpatient and emergency departments, medical technology, hospitalization, physical examination centers and other departments; Traffic organization and parking planning for patients, visitors and staff; Hospital building, sunshine orientation, green landscape and the overall integration of the city.
2. 1 functional partition
This scheme adopts centralized layout. According to the characteristics of medical function and the sustainable development of the hospital, the hospital is divided into medical comprehensive area, logistics auxiliary area and reserved development area. The emergency department, medical technology department and inpatient department organically form the medical comprehensive area of the hospital through the medical street, and are closely connected with the medical examination center and the administrative office building through the corridor. On the basis of ensuring the reasonable organization of medical functions and meeting the needs of reserved development land, the inpatient building is far away from noise and has a good landscape orientation.
2.2 Streamline the organization
The overall planning needs to consider reasonable and effective traffic streamline organization and functional configuration to realize the efficient and orderly operation of the hospital. Ensuring convenient traffic flow and improving the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment are the key points of hospital architectural design. Xi 'an 14 1 Hospital has two entrances and exits connected with roads in surrounding cities. According to the principle of "separation of doctors and patients and sewage diversion", the entrances and exits of functional units such as outpatient service, emergency service, medical technology, hospitalization, physical examination and office are well organized and connected through the loop in the campus. Set underground garage entrances and exits near outpatient department, emergency department and inpatient department, and set up temporary parking spaces on the ground to facilitate parking nearby, solve the parking problem and ensure good order of people and vehicles on campus.
2.3 Landscape greening
Modern hospitals not only need modern medical technology and medical model, but also need a good environment. Modern hospitals should emphasize natural and harmless environment in green medical. The reasonable overall layout in this scheme forms a multi-level green landscape system, such as green space landscape, entrance square landscape, medical street landscape atrium, landscape courtyard, roof garden and so on.
3. Functional combination and plane layout of single building
In the architectural design of single hospital, functional zoning and streamline organization are the key points. With the improvement of people's quality of life and spiritual needs, hospital architectural design should not only solve the problems of functional division and streamline organization, but also reflect the needs of the times with high efficiency, convenience and people-oriented. In the architectural design of An 14 1 Hospital, the plane layout of single building fully embodies the design concept of "patient-oriented" modern general hospital, and strictly follows the design principle of "separation of doctors and patients, separation of sewage and diversion". The medical comprehensive building forms an efficient and orderly three-dimensional traffic network through horizontal traffic with medical street as the core and vertical traffic with escalators and elevators as the core, and organizes all medical functional units reasonably.
The first floor of the medical complex building is 4.5m high, and it is equipped with underground parking lot, equipment room, laundry room, linear accelerator, nuclear medicine room and sewage centralized channel. The first floor is equipped with outpatient hall, emergency hall, inpatient hall, central supply room, imaging department and other clinics. Pediatric and fever, intestinal outpatient entrance set up independently. For the convenience of patients and medical staff, the first floor of the inpatient department is equipped with a nutritious kitchen. The second floor is the outpatient unit, including electrophysiology department, endoscopy department, laboratory department, hemodialysis center and pediatric nursing department, with special outpatient service and occupational disease prevention clinic, and special entrance channel. Each outpatient unit adopts the streamline layout of doctor-patient diversion, which ensures a good medical order. On the third floor, there are TCM physiotherapy department, preparation department, medical record room and information center, obstetric delivery department and obstetric ward. The fourth floor is the roof garden of the emergency department, and the clean operation department, pathology department, ICU and surgical ward are closely connected. The clean operating department strictly distinguishes aseptic area, clean area and polluted area to prevent surgical pollution and nosocomial infection, and the bed changing department, inpatient department and emergency department of the operating department can get quick contact. Doctors go to the operation department through the sanitary passage at the entrance of the pathology department, and the sterile goods warehouse supplied by the center on the first floor is vertically connected with the clean equipment warehouse through the sterile ladder, thus ensuring the high efficiency of goods transportation. There is a sewage elevator at the end of the sewage aisle, which is directly connected with the central supply room on the first floor to facilitate the timely disinfection of instruments. There is a clean equipment room on the top floor of the clean operating department to provide clean air conditioning for the operating department. The 5~ 1 1 floor is the standard floor of the inpatient department, each floor includes two nursing units, and the medical area, treatment area, ward area and activity area are respectively set according to the principle of doctor-patient division.
The ward area is basically arranged in the south direction, ensuring good sunshine and landscape orientation. Medical staff can reach the medical area directly through the medical passage through the medical ladder. Meal ladder is closely connected with the nutrition kitchen on the first floor, which is convenient for catering. 12 is the VIP ward floor, including ordinary single rooms, luxury wards with living rooms and rehabilitation training rooms. The helipad is set on the roof, which provides guarantee facilities for modern and efficient medical rescue. Physical examination center and administrative office building 1~3 floors are physical examination centers, and the fourth and fifth floors are administrative office areas with lecture halls and libraries. There is a rest breakfast room on the second floor, which provides comfortable and relaxed physical examination environment and humanized service for physical examination personnel. There is a roof garden on the fifth floor, which provides a good landscape and communication place for office staff.
4. Architectural modeling and facade design
External form and internal function are the basic elements of architectural interdependence, and the architectural image of a hospital must fully reflect its functional characteristics. Because of the complex and strict functional requirements of hospital buildings and low creative freedom, the image design should be peaceful and natural to avoid flashy propaganda. It is necessary to fully reflect the personality of the medical building and consider the psychological characteristics of patients, so that the whole building feels cordial and warm. Xi 'an 14 1 Hospital architectural design combines the overall planning, fully considers the spatial outline of the building and the city image, forms a unified, orderly and multi-level spatial interface, and reflects the uniqueness and identity of the hospital building.
5. Concluding remarks
Compared with other public buildings, hospital buildings have many special requirements. When designing hospital buildings, architects should not only meet the requirements of complex medical functions and reflect humanistic care, but also emphasize the harmony between buildings and the environment, pay attention to energy saving and consumption reduction, realize the flexibility and adaptability of architectural design and meet the needs of sustainable development of buildings.
References:
[1] Luo. Modern Hospital Architectural Design (2nd Edition) [M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 20 10.
[2] Gu Jian. Discussion on the design reform of medical buildings under the background of medical reform [J]. Building technology, 20 14( 12).