First, the concept of argumentative writing: argumentative writing is a common style that takes argumentation as the main expression, and directly expresses one's own views and opinions by putting facts and reasoning. Argumentative reasoning convinces people.

Second, the three elements of argumentative writing and their definitions: argument: the author's point of view (what needs to be proved)

Argument: the material used to prove an argument (with what)

Argument: the process of proving an argument with arguments (how to prove it)

Third, argument

1. Argument is the author's viewpoint, the soul of the article and a complete declarative judgment. An argumentative essay usually has only one central argument. Some argumentative papers also put forward some sub-arguments around the central argument to supplement and prove the central argument.

2, the position of the argument: generally there are four 1 question 2 beginning 3 middle 4 end Note: When similar statements appear at the beginning and end, the beginning is the argument and the end is the echo argument.

3. The way the article puts forward the central argument.

The title of the article points out the central argument.

(2) at the beginning of the article, put forward the central argument.

The article ends with a central argument.

Put forward the central argument with a connecting sentence in the middle of the article.

The article does not directly put forward the central argument, but it always revolves around …

Four. argue

1. Classification: factual argument and rational argument

2. Factual arguments: (1) include: representative and conclusive cases, historical facts and statistical data; (2) Type: General or Special

3. Reasoning and argumentation: (1) includes: incisive theories, famous sayings and aphorisms, folk proverbs, and facts recognized after practice.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) demonstration

1. Argument method: divided into argument and refutation. (1) argument is a way to prove the correctness of the author's own argument with sufficient arguments; (2) Refutation is a way to refute others' wrong arguments with strong arguments. Argumentation and refutation are proofs, one is to prove oneself right from the front, and the other is to prove oneself wrong from the back. They can use basically the same argument method.

2. There are various argumentation methods, such as example argumentation, reason argumentation, contrast argumentation and metaphor argumentation.

1) Illustration: Give conclusive, sufficient and representative examples to prove the argument. "Facts speak louder than words" is a commonly used argument method.

2) Reasoning: use the incisive insights in the classic works of Marxism-Leninism, epigrams in ancient and modern Chinese and foreign masterpieces, and formulas of accepted theorems to prove the argument;

3) Comparative argument: compare the positive and negative arguments or arguments, and prove the arguments in comparison;

4) Metaphorical argument: Prove an argument with superficial or familiar things.

6. The basic structure of an argumentative essay is: asking questions (introduction)-analyzing problems (thesis)-solving problems (conclusion).

It can be divided into two categories: one is "horizontal". You have 1 "general theory-sub-theory-general theory" 2 "general theory-sub-theory" 3 "sub-theory-general theory".

The "vertical" structure is mainly layered and deep.

Seven. Argumentative language: accuracy, preciseness, precision, generalization and logic.