With China's entry into WTO, the market competition is becoming more and more international. In order to survive and develop in the fierce market competition, as a university-run enterprise, in addition to giving full play to the advantages of disciplines, science and technology and talents, it is also a very important economic means to strengthen management and ask for benefits from management. The fundamental starting point of all economic activities of enterprises is to continuously improve the economic benefits of enterprises. To improve the economic benefits of enterprises, we must strengthen the all-round management of enterprises, effectively transform management resources into economic benefits, and realize standardization, institutionalization and scientificity of management. If an enterprise has advanced technology and a certain production scale, it is hard to imagine a stable and lasting economic benefit without an excellent management talent team. Therefore, only by grasping the negative factors in the economic activities of enterprises, taking corresponding measures and redeveloping management resources can we continuously improve the management mechanism of enterprises and continuously improve their economic benefits.

First, improve the understanding of the relationship between enterprise management resources and economic benefits.

As far as colleges and universities are concerned, management has been a weak link in enterprise work for a long time, and enterprise leaders have not really established the concept of improving management efficiency and asking for economic benefits from management resources. It has become a common phenomenon that enterprises emphasize efficiency over management or emphasize efficiency over management. In recent years, some enterprises have appeared in colleges and universities. Due to poor management, they have difficulties in capital turnover, serious losses, insolvency, suspension of production, semi-suspension of production and even bankruptcy. The reason is that the understanding of management problems is backward, the relationship between management and economic benefits is not correctly adjusted, and various "quick success and instant benefit" practices, such as cutting corners, tax evasion and other abnormal means, are adopted to artificially stimulate the temporary improvement of economic benefits of enterprises, rather than through effective management. Such enterprises exploit the loopholes of reform and policy at the expense of social benefits and long-term interests of enterprises, which is a kind of speculation on economic activities. Once the relevant departments (such as industry and commerce, taxation, quality inspection, etc. ) intervene, the enterprise will eventually suffer. The practice of socialized mass production fully proves that production cannot be separated from management. The quality of management efficiency has a decisive influence on improving the economic benefits of enterprises.

Enterprise management is the companion of socialized mass production, which condenses in the production process and runs through the whole production activities of enterprises. Management is indispensable for all economic activities of an enterprise, including planning, organization, command, mediation and supervision; Reasonable utilization of various resources of enterprises, reduction of deviations and mistakes in various production links, and finally the goal of meeting social needs and achieving economic effects greater than labor consumption must be achieved through management. Therefore, making management serve the realization of economic benefits has become the criterion for people to engage in economic activities. With the progress of production technology, the improvement of labor socialization, the extensive social and economic ties, and the increasingly close relationship between management and economic benefits, it has become an important factor affecting the economic benefits of enterprises.

Second, management is one of the elements of productivity.

Modern science shows that management is one of the elements of productivity, and it plays a role in amplifying productivity. In order to give full play to the effectiveness of management, modern managers must correct their concepts, adapt to the requirements of market economy, and rationally allocate various elements of productivity to achieve the best management effect. Under the conditions of modern production and market economy, managers must change the old ideas formed in the planned economy and establish the concepts of competition, talent, time, democratic management and modern management. Management ability is the first condition to improve management level. Generally speaking, backward management mainly refers to the low ability of managers, such as insufficient investigation and research, unscientific prediction, which leads to decision-making that does not meet subjective and objective conditions and is difficult to implement; Insufficient planning information and poor planning lead to accidents; Improper command leads to employees' enthusiasm not being fully exerted; Poor organization leads to buck passing; Poor coordination leads to friction; Poor control leads to a mere formality of plans and instructions. Therefore, managers should improve their management ability and level in combination with the specific needs of management positions while improving their own quality. In order to achieve the comprehensive efficiency of all elements of productivity.

Third, management is tangible and concrete.

Whether it is production management, material management, property management, personnel management, etc. , must face the business entity. There is no fixed and unified model, which depends on the factory, conforms to the times and coexists at multiple levels. So management is tangible, concrete and practical. As a system, management has its own objective regularity. Understanding and mastering this law will make enterprise management handy and achieve the best economic benefits. On the other hand, if you don't obey the rules of enterprise management, you will be punished by it. Some school-run enterprises do not know enough about management rules, the management mechanism is not reasonable, and the relationship between management and economic benefits has not been properly handled. As a result, there have been many phenomena that violate the laws of enterprise production management. In the production structure, some engage in self-sealing, which makes a large part of the fixed assets of enterprises idle, unable to exert production efficiency and causing waste of resources; In management, some products have been done for decades without paying attention to market research and developing new products. Unbalanced production, supply and marketing, product backlog and increased inventory have affected the transfer of funds and the increase of benefits; In some labor organization and management, the organization and equipment of labor force do not adapt to the production scale of enterprises, blindly expanding labor force, causing waste of labor resources and increasing the burden on enterprises; Some people artificially cause the unreasonable ratio of production and non-production personnel, overlapping management institutions, overstaffed personnel and unclear responsibilities, which offset the management efficiency, bring negative factors to enterprise management and affect the improvement of economic benefits; On the issue of democratic management, some business leaders lack democratic awareness and are seriously bureaucratic. They don't respect the rights of workers and the masses on some major issues such as enterprise management decision-making, management mode and distribution form, and engage in one-person office and blind command, resulting in chaotic enterprise management and serious loss and waste. These phenomena will inevitably lead to slow production speed and low economic benefits.

In order to reverse this situation and gradually eliminate unreasonable factors in enterprise management, it is particularly important to reform and strengthen enterprise management. To realize the transformation from backward traditional management mode to scientific modern management mode, we must strive to improve management efficiency and create conditions for forming a reasonable, stable and optimized management system. We should learn to act according to objective laws, correctly understand and master the characteristics of the production movement of this enterprise, seek the management and operation mode suitable for this enterprise, and use the best methods and means to maximize economic benefits. Adopt advanced and effective management methods and means, give full play to the guiding role of management in production, and make the layout of production factors such as production materials, labor force and capital reasonable and give full play to its maximum effectiveness; Popularize advanced technology, reduce production costs, enhance the self-digestion and self-transformation ability of enterprises, promote the development of production, make all links of production cooperate with each other, form a strong and efficient management network, and serve the realization of economic benefits; We should adopt various flexible forms, give full play to the dynamic role of democratic management in production, properly solve the contradiction between productivity and production relations, and build an efficient, honest and managerial workforce centered on production and operation. Establish and improve various enterprise rules and regulations, strengthen democratic management and supervision, give full play to people's subjective initiative, and create conditions for improving the economic benefits of enterprises.

Fourth, management is a resource.

Management is a resource that can improve the economic benefits of enterprises. This kind of resource is often ignored by people because of its non-physical and non-quantitative characteristics. Many enterprises that don't know how to get economic benefits from management and can't develop comprehensive management ability are always keen to make a fuss about increasing investment, expanding capital construction and introducing advanced production technology when emphasizing effective ways to improve the economy, and rarely consider management as an important resource. In fact, as long as you are willing to explore this resource, you will certainly be able to develop new benefits. Enterprises with the same conditions, correct decision-making, careful planning, sufficient materials, effective organization and proper measures will bring different economic benefits. Reasonably allocate various resources of enterprises, minimize costs, improve product quality and market share, and exchange the minimum input for large output in order to achieve the purpose of improving economic benefits. Therefore, management is also a resource, and management is also a productive force. Only by strengthening enterprise management can management resources be effectively transformed into economic benefits.

Improve the economic benefits of enterprises

Since the beginning of this year, the industrial and commercial economy has maintained a good development trend, with rapid growth in production, continuous improvement in efficiency and good convergence between production and marketing. At the same time, however, some new situations and problems have emerged in the operation, especially the changes and development trends of economic benefits, which deserve great attention.

First, the basic situation of industrial economic benefits in the first half of the year

In the first half of the year, the realization of industrial benefits showed the following five characteristics:

(1) The overall level of industrial economic benefits continued to improve, but the growth rate slowed down.

In the first half of the year, the comprehensive index of economic benefits of industrial enterprises was 169.94, an increase of 9.78 points over the same period last year. Among them, the contribution rate of total assets, the turnover rate of current assets and the labor productivity of all employees have all improved to varying degrees. The profits of industrial enterprises reached 626.6 billion yuan, up by 19. 1% year-on-year, and the growth rate dropped by 22.5 percentage points compared with the same period of last year and increased by 1.9 percentage points compared with the first quarter.

(2) The losses of loss-making enterprises have increased rapidly.

The loss of loss-making enterprises was107.5 billion yuan, up 59.3% year-on-year, up 57.8 percentage points over the same period of last year and up 22.8 percentage points over the first quarter (36.5%), which was the highest level since 1999.

(3) The occupation of the two funds has declined, but it is still at a high level.

At the end of June, the inventory funds of finished products and net accounts receivable of industrial enterprises were1154.9 billion yuan and 24 186 billion yuan, respectively, increasing by 19.5% and 15.3% year-on-year, and the growth rate dropped by 0.4 percentage points and 3.4 percentage points respectively compared with the same period of last year.

(d) The level of interest among industrial sectors is obviously different.

Since the beginning of this year, the overall profit growth pattern of major industrial sectors in two years has been broken, and the benefit differentiation is obvious.

From the perspective of changes in industry profits, it can be divided into three situations:

First, industries with sustained and rapid profit growth. Profits of coal, nonferrous metals, metallurgy and petrochemicals (including petroleum, petrochemicals and chemicals) in the first half of the year increased by 85.6%, 54.5%, 39.8% and 37.2% respectively. The total profits of these four industries reached 300.5 billion yuan, accounting for 48% of the total industrial profits in China, and the total newly-increased profits accounted for 89.2% of the total newly-increased industrial profits in China.

The second is the industry with steady profit growth. The profits of textile, light industry, medicine and tobacco industries increased by 28.7%, 22.3%, 20.8% and 15.6% respectively. The total profits of these four industries are 654.38+04.98 billion yuan, accounting for 23.9% of the total industrial profits in China.

Third, industries with declining profits. The profits of building materials, machinery, electronics and electric power industries decreased by 22. 1%, 7.6%, 5.5% and 4.4% respectively, and the total profits of these four industries decreased by 1.47 billion yuan. In the machinery industry, the profit of the automobile industry decreased by 48.8% (up by 65,438+02.6% in the same period last year) and the profit decreased by 20.6 billion yuan, which was the main reason for the decrease in the profit of the machinery industry.

From the perspective of industry losses, the losses of loss-making enterprises in petrochemical, electronics, building materials and electric power industries increased by 3.3 times, 76.6%, 66. 1% and 62.2% year-on-year, respectively, increasing by more than 55 percentage points over the same period of last year. The total losses of these four industries increased by 28.9 billion yuan, accounting for 72.4% of the new industrial losses in the country.

(E) The differences in profit growth levels of industrial enterprises in different regions have increased.

The eastern, central and western regions achieved profits of 406.9 billion yuan, 654.38+02.82 billion yuan and 965.438+05 billion yuan respectively, up by 654.38+04.2%, 22.5% and 40.3% respectively. Of the 3/kloc-0 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, 24 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government have seen sustained profit growth (compared with 30 in the same period last year). Of the five provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities whose profits account for about half of the country, the profits of Shandong, Jiangsu and Heilongjiang increased by 24%-48%, Guangdong only increased by 4.4%, and Shanghai decreased by 16.3%.

Second, the main reasons for the change of industrial economic benefits and trend analysis

At present, the slowdown of economic growth of industrial enterprises is the result of the combined action of many factors. Among them, there are factors such as the increase of production cost faster than the market sales price, the increase of production capacity faster than the market demand in some industries, the adjustment of industrial structure, the change of international market demand, the change of exchange rate, seasonal factors and so on.

First, the price increase of raw fuel and power continues to be higher than the ex-factory price of the processing industry. Since 2002, the purchase price index of raw materials, fuel and power has been higher than the ex-factory price index of processing industry. In 2002-2004, the gap between them was 0.8, 4.6 and 6.6 percentage points respectively, and it further widened to 7 percentage points in the first half of this year. Because the purchasing prices of raw materials, fuel and power have been rising for a long time, the digestion ability of downstream industries is limited, and the profit pattern between upstream and downstream industries has been transferred or adjusted.

Second, the production capacity of some industries is growing faster than the market demand. In recent years, the production capacity of some industries has expanded rapidly and a number of new projects have been put into production. Since last year, the growth of investment in fixed assets has slowed down the demand for some products, and the contradiction between supply and demand in the industry has gradually emerged. Market competition intensifies, product prices drop, industry profits drop and losses increase. This situation is more prominent in electrolytic aluminum, steel, automobile, flat glass, chemical fiber and other industries.

The third is the seasonal factor. The first quarter is the off-season of consumption in the cement industry, and it has lost more and won less over the years. In the first quarter of 2004, due to the strong pull of investment and market demand, the cement industry developed abnormally, the price rose obviously, and the profit was 3 1 100 million yuan. In the first quarter of this year, the overheated demand was effectively curbed, and the cement industry returned to normal with a net loss of 350 million yuan. After entering the second quarter, the downward trend of the cement industry's benefits slowed down, turning losses into profits at the end of May, and achieving a profit of 654.38+0.76 billion yuan in the first half of the year.

Fourth, the changing factors of international market demand. Due to the sluggish international market, the export growth rate of the electronic device industry dropped more in the first half of the year, and the realized profit decreased by 4.5 billion yuan year-on-year, a decrease of 76%.

We should have an objective understanding of the changes in the current industrial economic benefits. From the third quarter of 2002 to the fourth quarter of 2004, industrial profits maintained a steady and high-speed growth of 30%-40% for consecutive quarters. In the first and second quarters of this year, on the basis of the high base of the previous year, it declined moderately, still reaching an increase of more than 15%, which basically belonged to a reasonable regression. However, we should also see that the losses of loss-making enterprises have risen sharply, the industry benefits have been clearly differentiated, and the production and operation of some industries have continued to be difficult, which is also a prominent problem in practice. If it is allowed to exist for a long time and gradually expand, it will not only affect the rapid growth of industrial economy, but also cause social problems such as bankruptcy and unemployment, thus affecting the sustained and stable development of the national economy, so it needs to be highly concerned by all parties.

Judging from the trend in the second half of the year, various factors affecting the efficiency of industrial enterprises exist at the same time. On the one hand, with the effects of macro-control policies and measures gradually emerging, the general trend of steady and rapid economic growth will not change; Most upstream raw fuel prices have slowed down, which will ease the cost pressure of downstream enterprises. On the other hand, the production capacity formed by investment expansion in some industries in recent years will further intensify the competition among similar enterprises and squeeze profit margins; Industries with a large proportion of exports will be affected by trade friction and RMB appreciation; There are many uncertainties in the international market. Based on various factors, the industrial economic benefits began to shift from the high-speed growth stage in previous years to the steady growth stage. Although the benefits of some industries may continue to decline, the economic benefits of industrial enterprises can still maintain a certain growth throughout the year.

Three, take comprehensive measures to effectively improve the efficiency and quality of economic operation.

Industrial efficiency is an important indicator reflecting the quality of macroeconomic operation. With regard to the problem that the economic growth rate of industrial enterprises has slowed down and the losses have expanded since the beginning of this year, we should start from the macro and micro levels, make great efforts to do relevant work, promote the sustained and steady growth of economic benefits, and effectively improve the quality of economic operation.

(A) to further strengthen and improve macro-control, in order to improve the operating efficiency of enterprises to create a good macro-environment. We will continue to consolidate the achievements of macro-control in the previous stage and strictly control the excessive growth of investment in fixed assets, especially the blind expansion of production capacity in some industries and the excessive growth of demand for means of production. At the same time, in view of the changes in the benefits of different industries, we should grasp the strength and rhythm of macro-control, give better play to the regulatory role of the market, and prudently introduce stronger regulatory measures.

(2) Strengthen structural adjustment to lay a foundation for improving the operating efficiency of enterprises. The pressure of enterprise operation is increasing, and the benefits are rising and falling, which is a favorable opportunity for structural adjustment We should seize this opportunity and intensify structural adjustment. We will further improve and introduce industrial policies to guide and promote industrial restructuring and support the development of high-tech industries such as information technology, new materials and biotechnology. Insist on promoting industrialization by informationization, and encourage enterprises to adopt advanced, applicable and mature technologies and high-tech to carry out transformation. Efforts should be made to cultivate and enhance the innovation ability and core competitiveness of enterprises, and vigorously develop well-known brands with independent intellectual property rights. Formulate and improve relevant laws and regulations, study and improve the access qualifications of related industries, improve their standards in terms of quality, safety, environmental protection and energy consumption, and accelerate the elimination of backward production processes, equipment, products and capabilities.

(three) to strengthen management, reduce costs, and promote enterprises to improve operating efficiency. Actively guide enterprises to strengthen cost control, strive to increase revenue and reduce expenditure, save energy and reduce consumption, and promote the development of circular economy; Further improve the internal management system, improve the management level and comprehensive quality of enterprises, especially strengthen the management of funds and costs, improve the risk management level, and constantly improve the market competitiveness.

(4) increase supply, guide demand, and create conditions for improving the operating efficiency of enterprises. First, we must resolutely curb the excessive growth of unreasonable demand, strengthen power demand side management, and strictly control the export of products with high energy consumption, high pollution and resources. The second is to take comprehensive measures to vigorously promote the connection between coal, electricity and oil transportation and the supply and demand of important raw materials, and reduce intermediate links. Third, efforts should be made to increase effective supply and accelerate the construction of basic industries and infrastructure such as energy, transportation and railways. Fourth, make full use of both domestic and foreign markets and resources to increase the import of scarce domestic resources. Improve relevant policies, encourage enterprises to go abroad as soon as possible, establish a stable resource supply channel, and actively strive for pricing power in the international market. Fifth, encourage enterprises to strengthen their awareness of saving, develop and use energy-saving technologies and products, reduce energy consumption and material consumption, and further improve the comprehensive utilization rate of resources.

(5) Strengthen supervision, standardize competition, and create a good market atmosphere for improving the operating efficiency of enterprises. Strengthen the monitoring of the production, sales, inventory, price and import and export of important energy raw materials, guide all localities to reasonably alleviate the price contradiction of important commodities, prevent abnormal and large price fluctuations, and strive to keep the market price basically stable. Encourage coal-fired power enterprises to sign long-term contracts, keep the price of coal-fired power relatively stable, and improve the linkage mechanism of coal-fired power prices. Strengthen the rectification of market economic order, reduce intermediate links and reduce enterprise costs; Intensify the rectification of price order and strengthen price supervision; Strengthen quality supervision and crack down on smuggling, and standardize the competitive behavior of enterprises.

1. The meaning of economic benefits

Economic benefit is the final comprehensive index to measure all economic activities. The so-called economic benefit of an enterprise is the proportional relationship between the total output value of the enterprise and the production cost. Expressed by the formula: economic benefit = GDP/ production cost.

Labor productivity refers to the production effect and ability of workers. High labor productivity means the reduction of living labor consumption and the saving of human resources, which is an indispensable condition for improving the economic benefits of enterprises. In addition, in order to improve the economic benefits of enterprises, we must also reduce the consumption of materialized labor and produce products that meet the needs of the market.

2. The importance of improving the economic benefits of enterprises

(1) Improving economic benefits is conducive to enhancing the market competitiveness of enterprises.

(2) Only by improving economic benefits can we make full use of limited resources, create more social wealth and meet people's growing material and cultural needs.

(3) Only by improving economic benefits and doing well in large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises can we enhance our comprehensive national strength, consolidate the dominant position of public ownership and give play to the superiority of the socialist system.

3. Ways to improve the economic benefits of enterprises

(1) Rely on scientific and technological progress, adopt advanced technology, arm enterprises with modern science and technology, improve the scientific and cultural level and labor skills of enterprise employees, and make the economic growth mode of enterprises change from extensive to intensive.

(2) adopt modern management science to improve the management level of enterprises, improve labor productivity, and produce the most products that meet the market demand with the least consumption.

Relying on scientific and technological progress and adopting modern management science to improve the economic benefits of enterprises is an objective requirement of the law of value.

4. Merger and bankruptcy of enterprises

(1) Enterprise merger refers to the economic phenomenon that superior enterprises with good economic benefits merge those inferior enterprises with long-term losses or even insolvency.

(2) "Strong alliance" refers to the merger of large enterprises in order to enhance market competitiveness and obtain greater economic benefits. The implementation of "strong alliance" between large enterprises and enterprise groups, especially the establishment of large enterprise groups with cross-regional, cross-industry, cross-ownership and transnational operations, can realize complementary advantages, optimize resource allocation, reduce production costs, improve labor productivity, promote the research and development of advanced technologies, and achieve the purpose of expanding market share and obtaining greater economic benefits. At the same time, it can also improve the international competitiveness of enterprises and promote the development of China's national industries.

(3) Enterprise bankruptcy refers to the economic phenomenon of bankruptcy liquidation for those enterprises that have suffered long-term losses, are insolvent and have no hope of turning losses, according to legal procedures. The implementation of enterprise bankruptcy system is a realistic need to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises in China.

First of all, it strengthens the risk awareness of enterprises, stimulates the vitality of enterprises, and enables enterprises to improve management, technology and labor productivity under the pressure of bankruptcy risk. Secondly, the establishment of enterprise bankruptcy system can form the competition of survival of the fittest, eliminate backward enterprises in time, realize the rational allocation of resources and realize the rational adjustment of industrial structure.

Enterprise merger and enterprise bankruptcy are concrete manifestations of the role of the law of value, and their purpose is to optimize the allocation of resources, improve economic benefits and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.