The excellent local lobular species are: Kunming Shilixiang tea, Zhaotong moss tea, Yiliang Humboldt tea and so on. The excellent local group varieties of large-leaf tea are: Mengku large-leaf tea, Menghai large-leaf tea, Fengqing large-leaf tea (above national fine varieties), Yuanjiang glutinous tea, Yangta Dabai tea, Zhenyuan stirrup tea, Lvchun cocoon tea, Suishui large-leaf tea, Bazi white cat tea, Yunlong mountain large-leaf tea, Jinggu large-leaf tea, Tuantian large-leaf tea and so on. Through the comprehensive investigation and collection in the1980s, 4 kinds of resource materials, 20 kinds of related plants, 26 improved varieties of local groups, and 1 10 kinds of excellent and rare individual plants were obtained, and a 30-mu national resource garden was established in the tea province, and 8 10 was preserved. According to the classification, there are 37 species and 3 varieties in the world, and there are 3 1 species, 2 varieties and 33 species in Yunnan, belonging to 4 families: Wubao Tea Family: Guangxi Tea, Dabao Tea, Guangnan Tea, Wushi Tea and Sparse Tooth Tea; Five-pillar tea series: thick-axis tea, five-pillar tea, old black tea, Dali tea, Yunnan-Myanmar tea, Yuanji tea, wrinkled leaf tea, Maguan tea, Hani tea and multi-petal tea; Fangtu Tea Series: Mengla Tea, Dehong Tea, Tuli Tea, Pseudocalyx Tea, Pseudotuli Tea, Rongjiang Tea, Guozi Tea and Duomai Tea; Tea series: tea, bitter tea (variety), white hair tea (variety), Pu 'er tea, multi-calyx tea, quasi-thin calyx tea, Yuanjiang tea and Gaoshu tea. Newly bred varieties: Yun Kang 10, Yun Kang 14, Changye Bai Hao (national improved variety), 73-6, Yun Xuan No.9, Yun Kang No.27 and Yun Kang No.37 (provincial improved variety). Mei Yun, Yungui (Simao Tea Seed Farm, Puwen Farm, provincial improved varieties), Fengqing 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, Qingshui 3, 4 (selected by Fengqing Tea Institute, not yet approved). Such rich and colorful tea variety resources provide a rich material basis for scientific research, seed selection and improvement, revitalization of Yunnan tea economy and promotion of Chinese tea culture in our province. China's first pharmacological work "Shennong Materia Medica" recorded that "Shennong tasted a hundred herbs, and when he encountered 72 poisons every day, he got tea (ancient tea characters) and solved it", which is the earliest written record about tea in the world. Shennong has a history of only four or five thousand years. Shennong discovered tea at that time, not that tea originated. According to Darwin's theory of species origin, modern experts and scholars have conducted various investigations and demonstrations, proving that Yunnan is the origin center of tea trees in the world. Firstly, the origin of tea trees was investigated from the perspectives of paleogeography, paleoclimate and paleontology. After the formation of the earth, it has undergone many evolutions, and the distribution of its oceans and land is not like the current state of the earth. Of course, the earth's climate is not what it is now. About 250 million years ago, the earth was divided into Lauea in the north and Gondwana in the south. The former is located at the equator and its two sides, and the latter is located in the southern cold zone. China is on the Palaearctic Continent, and India is on the Palaearctic Continent, facing each other across the Tethys Sea. After a long geological period of Permian, Triassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary, and many crustal movements, the land and water distribution and climate on the earth have undergone tremendous changes. According to the geological history of Yunnan, about10.8 billion years ago, Yunnan was a land exposed to the sea; For 25 million years, the whole province has been in a tropical and subtropical warm climate, which is conducive to the survival and reproduction of angiosperms and ancient tropical plants; 12 million years ago, the Himalayan orogeny at the end of Tertiary and the beginning of Quaternary formed the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which affected the changes of flora and vegetation in Yunnan. After several ice ages since Quaternary, Yunnan has not been directly attacked by glaciers, and the climate in the south of central Yunnan is still warm and humid, so many primitive plants have survived. According to the investigation, Manglietia arborescens, a "living fossil", as well as ancient plants such as Pinion, Cycas, Java tree and Java bitter lotus have been found in the virgin forest in southern Yunnan. Today, there are more than 15000 kinds of higher plants in Yunnan, accounting for more than half of the national higher plants, so Yunnan is called the plant kingdom. According to the newly compiled Summary of Guizhou Native Products Work, on July 9, 1980, a tea seed fossil was found in Yuntai Mountain, Jingkou Township, Qinglong County (about 80 kilometers away from Yunnan Province according to the boundary of Qinglong County). It can be said that it is the edge of the origin center of Yunnan tea tree. In recent years, archaeologists in China have unearthed ape-man fossils more than 2 million years ago in Butterfly Liangzi, Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province, and are known as the ancestors of oriental apes. This shows that Yunnan paleogeography and paleoclimate have conditions suitable for biological survival and reproduction. As for whether tea trees also occur and grow here? It can be verified by its relatives. The related plants of tea tree are an important basis for demonstrating the origin of tea tree. Yunnan belongs to the tropical and subtropical climate type and is rich in water and heat resources. Under the action of evergreen broad-leaved forest, red loam developed and formed, which has been five or six thousand years ago and is one of the oldest soils in the world. This is an excellent condition for the development of angiosperm system, so there are many related plants of tea trees in Yunnan, which is known as the best tea in Yunnan. According to plant taxonomy, there are more than 380 species in 23 genera of Theaceae, among which there are more than 260 species in China, most of which are distributed in Yunnan. According to the investigation of "780 Project" of China Academy of Sciences, there are more than 70 species of Theaceae plants belonging to 8 genera in Tengchong County. According to the recent investigation results of China Tea Research Institute and Yunnan Tea Research Institute together with relevant departments, according to Professor Zhang Hongda's classification of Camellia plants, there are 37 species and 3 varieties in the world, 36 species and 3 varieties in China, of which 3 1 species and 2 varieties are distributed in Yunnan, and the world tea spectrum has 1 new species and 1 variety. There are many close relatives of tea trees in Yunnan, which is the highest in the world, which fully proves that Yunnan is the origin center of tea trees. Then, the distribution of ancient tea trees was investigated. Most of the wild and cultivated tea trees found in Yunnan are distributed in the deep forests of Lancang River, Nujiang River and Yuanjiang River basins. Among them, a wild tea tree was found in Daheishan virgin forest in Menghai County in 196 1 year, with a height of 32.12m and an age of 1700 years. There is a cultivated tea tree in Banpozhai, Nannuo Mountain, Menghai County, with a trunk diameter of 1.38 meters and an age of more than 800 years, and it is known as the "tea tree king". A cultivated tea tree was found at Xiangzhuguan 1983, Huafeng Township, Majie District, Fengqing County, with a diameter of 2m at the base of the trunk and a DBH1.59m.. There are more than 10,000 wild tea tree communities in an area of about two square kilometers near Xiaoguangshan near Guheishan, Shili District, Fengqing County. There is a big tea tree hugging four people in the extension of Jingmai Chashan Mountain in Lancang County, and its branches are 15 meters above the ground. There is a large tea tree growing in Qianjiazhai, Heping Township, Jiuli District, Marco County, with a trunk diameter of 1 .27m and an age of about10,000 years. There are large areas of tea trees in Jiejie Township, Mohei District, Simao County. The maximum diameter is1.18m; More than 65,438+000 big tea trees were found in Yongping Township, Hanitian County, Jinping County. According to Liu Baoxiang, a researcher of Hunan Tea Research Institute, it is considered that the shape of its tea fruit is special, such as spherical, peach and cake, which is different from that of big fruit tea. Biochemical determination showed that the content of simple catechins in leaves was high, inflorescences were more than clumps, and the seed setting rate was low. It is a wild original variety, and its age should be around 2000. A tea tree with a height of 25 meters and a trunk diameter of 0.52 meters was found in the virgin forest of Dachang Township, Wuluohe District, shizong county. Yunnan ancient tea trees have wild type, cultivated type, individual plant independence, patch growth and wide distribution. The number, age and height of trees are amazing, which proves that Yunnan tea tree has a long history. More importantly, Yunnan big-leaf tea tree has the biochemical characteristics of ancient tea trees. According to the fact that the occurrence, development and evolution of organisms are all evolutionary processes from simple to complex and from low to high under certain natural environmental conditions. Therefore, Jim Harter, a scholar in the former Soviet Union, concluded that tea trees with simple catechins belong to primitive wild species. According to the metabolism of tea trees, mainly the changes of the quality and quantity of catechol synthesized, the biochemical analysis of Yunnan Daye wild tea shows that the strength of synthesizing L- epicatechin is twice as strong as that of synthesizing L- epicatechin. Correspondingly, more L- epigallocatechin gallate was synthesized than L- epigallocatechin gallate. This shows that Yunnan tea tree contains a lot of simple catechins, so it has the biochemical characteristics of ancient tea tree.