1. What is the origin of the professional degree of Master of Laws (J.M.)?
"Master of Laws" is a professional degree established in China on the basis of cultivating advanced applied legal professionals from the United States, Europe and other countries, combined with China's national conditions and educational reality. At present, the professional degree of master of law in China is similar to that of J.D. (Doctor of Law) in the United States, but the connotation and level are different. J.D. in the United States mainly trains lawyers and belongs to doctor (doctor) at the level. The professional degree of master of laws in China has a wide range of training objects, involving lawyers, judges, prosecutors and legal professionals in legal services, legal supervision, economic management, social management and other fields, and belongs to the master level. According to this situation, for the convenience of appellation and the need of international communication, the English equivalent name of "Professional Degree of Master of Laws" is Juris Master, abbreviated as J.M. ..
Second, the characteristics of the professional degree of master of law?
"Law" in the professional degree of Master of Laws refers to the professional field, a professional degree with a specific legal background, and a professional degree for cultivating high-level legal practice professionals. Characterized in that:
First, it is a professional degree. Although it is at the same level and has the same specifications as the master's degree in law, it has different types and different emphases. According to the training plan, the professional degree of master of laws mainly trains specialized talents for intermediate and above professional and management positions in legal practice departments.
The second is a professional degree with a legal professional background. This makes it different from other professional degrees, such as MBA or MPA.
Third, it is an advanced degree. This is determined by the characteristics of the legal profession, and the training goal of this degree is to be competent in legal practice. It is required to meet the "post requirements of intermediate or above (including intermediate) majors and management positions in actual departments". In other words, its talent training goal is different from the training goal of undergraduate education in law, but a high-level degree that reaches the level of master's degree.
3. What's the difference between a master of law degree and a master of law degree?
The high-level postgraduate education of law in China includes master of law and master of law.
Postgraduates of master of law mainly recruit undergraduates majoring in law, which are divided into legal theory, legal history, constitutional law and administrative law, criminal law, civil and commercial law, procedural law, economic law, international law and other majors, and mainly train specialized talents for legal teaching, scientific research and practice departments.
Postgraduates majoring in master of law only recruit non-law majors (including equivalent academic qualifications), and are no longer divided into specific majors. Its knowledge structure is broad-caliber, thick-based and compound, and it mainly cultivates universal talents for legal practice departments.
The professional degree of master of law and the master of law are at the same level, each with its own emphasis. The former is an applied and compound senior legal talent, while the latter is an academic and professional senior legal talent. In the long run, with the development of law graduate education, teaching and scientific research talents should be trained mainly through doctor of law education, and the master of law degree will be gradually reduced and eventually merged with the professional master of law degree. As a bridge between the preceding and the following, the professional degree of Master of Laws provides talents for the legal practice department on the one hand, and a broad source of students for the education of doctor of laws on the other.
4. What are the enrollment institutions for LLM?
Postgraduate education of LLM was founded in the mid-1990s, which was established with the development of the rule of law in China, accelerating the integration with international legal education and meeting the social demand for senior legal talents. 65438-0996 Approved by the State Council Academic Degrees Committee, eight universities including Peking University, China Renmin University and China University of Political Science and Law enrolled LLM graduates for the first time. By 2004, the state had approved 39 universities to recruit LLM graduates, namely:
1996 The first batch was approved: Peking University, China Renmin University, China University of Political Science and Law, university of international business and economics, Jilin University, Wuhan University, East China University of Political Science and Law, Southwest University of Political Science and Law.
1997 second batch: Xiamen University, Nanjing University, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, northwest university of politics and law.
1998 The third batch was approved: Fudan University, Zhejiang University, Heilongjiang University, Xiangtan University, Sichuan University, Anhui University, Suzhou University, Shandong University and Zhengzhou University.
1999 the fourth batch was approved: Tsinghua University, Liaoning University, Nankai University, Shanxi University, Lanzhou University and Yunnan University.
The fifth batch approved in 2003: People's Public Security University of China, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Henan University, Yantai University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Hunan University, Hainan University, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics and Guizhou University.
5. What are the types of LLM education?
At present, there are two kinds of professional degree education of master of laws in China.
The first one is the LLM graduate students who take the joint entrance examination of 39 universities in China every year 1 month, and the enrollment target is the current or previous illegal undergraduate graduates (including those with equivalent academic qualifications); There are four examination subjects: politics (100) and foreign languages (100) are subject to national unified examination, and professional basic courses (150) and comprehensive courses (150) are subject to national joint examination; The examination books are the Outline of the Joint Examination for Master of Laws and the Guide to the Joint Examination for Master of Laws published by Renmin University of China Press. Admission categories include unplanned orientation, planned orientation, unplanned training and unplanned self-expense. Learning methods include full-time study and on-the-job study, and master's degree certificates and master's degree certificates are obtained after graduation.
Second, every year 10, take the national entrance examination of 39 colleges and universities to study for a master of law (that is, "the master of law of five ministries and commissions"), and the enrollment target is the on-the-job staff under the age of 45 who have a bachelor's degree in law or non-law in the legal practice department; There are four examination subjects: politics is proposed by various schools, and foreign languages, professional basic courses and comprehensive courses are subject to the national joint examination. The examination books are the Outline of the National Entrance Examination for On-the-job Master's English (Japanese, Russian and German) published by Science and Technology Literature Publishing House, the Outline of the Entrance Examination for Master of Laws and the Guide to the Entrance Examination for Master of Laws published by Renmin University of China Press. After entering the school, all of them are entrusted training, and they study in a variety of ways, such as full-time, part-time work and part-time study, and only get a master's degree certificate when they graduate.
6. How to register for the National Joint Entrance Examination of Master of Laws?
Every year 1 month, the national entrance examination for master of law students only recruits non-law graduates with bachelor's degree in national education or equivalent. Undergraduate candidates with the same academic qualifications are generally required to have a nationally recognized college degree and have worked for two years after graduation (September 1 day of the year from college graduation to admission as a master's student) or above. Some colleges and universities attach some other conditions to candidates with the same academic qualifications. For details, please refer to the enrollment brochure of that year. According to the regulations of the Ministry of Education, graduates of the following majors are not allowed to apply for a master's degree in law.
1. Law
2. Economic law
3. International law
4. International economic law
5. Labor Reform Law
6. Commercial Law
7. Notarization
8. Legal affairs
9. Administrative law
10. Lawyer
1 1. Foreign economy and law
65438+
13 criminal law
The registration procedure and time of the national entrance examination for master of laws graduates are the same as those of the national entrance examination for graduate students. Generally, registration is made in the middle of June every year at 5438+065438+ 10. Candidates can register directly at the Graduate Admissions Office of the reported school, or at the registration points designated by the College Admissions Offices of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Now many enrollment schools have launched online registration, which is convenient for the majority of candidates. According to the regulations of the Ministry of Education, candidates who take the national entrance examination for master of laws can report to two colleges and universities in the entrance examination at the same time. After the score reaches the admission line stipulated by the state, the first choice will not be accepted, and the second choice can still be adjusted.
7. The initial and re-examination of the LLM national entrance examination?
LLM postgraduate entrance examination has two stages: initial examination and second examination. There are four exam subjects in the initial test: politics 100 and foreign languages 100. Use the national unified examination paper, including professional basic courses (including 75 points for criminal law and 75 points for civil law) and comprehensive courses (including 60 points for jurisprudence, 50 points for constitutional law and 40 points for Chinese legal history). The examination time is generally at the end of each year 1 month, and the examination place is generally the same as the registration place. The scope of the examination is: politics and foreign languages are based on the national unified examination outline formulated by the Ministry of Education, and professional basic courses and comprehensive courses are based on the Outline of the Joint Examination for Master of Laws and the Guide to the Joint Examination for Master of Laws published by Renmin University of China Press.
After the initial test, the retest results shall be uniformly formulated by the Ministry of Education. In 2000, the previous candidates scored more than 325 points, and the current candidates scored more than 330 points; 200 1, with more than 340 points for previous candidates and more than 345 points for current candidates; In 2002, the former candidates scored more than 340 points, and now the candidates scored more than 345 points. In 2003, the former candidates scored more than 320 points, and now the candidates scored more than 325 points. For candidates in the western region, the annual retest score should be reduced by about 5 points.
Since 2003, all enrollment institutions have stepped up the re-examination. In principle, the total number of candidates participating in the re-examination should be about 120% of the enrollment scale of our school, so as to improve the effectiveness of the re-examination. Candidates with the same academic qualifications need a written test for the second interview. Generally, there are no less than 2 subjects, and the examination time for each subject is 3 hours. The full mark of the test paper is 100, and it shall not be the same as the first test subject.
8. What are the admission categories of 8.LLM graduates?
The admission categories of LLM graduate students include:
1. Planned directional training: according to the national enrollment plan, students' household registration and personnel files will be transferred to schools, and the training funds will be provided by the state. After graduation, under the guidance of the national plan, students choose to volunteer, the school recommends, and the employer selects the best.
2. Planned targeted training: According to the national enrollment plan, targeted units, students and schools sign targeted training contracts when enrolling students, and the training funds are provided by the state. Work in a directional unit according to the contract after graduation.
3. Unplanned entrusted training: When enrolling students, the entrusting unit, students and the school sign entrusted training contracts, and the students' household registration and personnel files are not transferred. The training funds shall be borne by the entrusting unit, who will work in the entrusting unit according to the contract after graduation.
4. Unplanned self-raised funds: When enrolling students, students sign a contract with the school and the training funds are borne by the students themselves. Students' household registration and personnel files will be transferred to the school. After graduation, students choose to volunteer, the school recommends, and the employer chooses the best employment.
The fees for unplanned entrusted training and self-funded training vary from school to school, generally ranging from 7000 yuan to 14000 yuan per year.
9. Teaching arrangement for 9.LLM graduates?
The characteristics of postgraduate students with master's degree in law are:
(1) focuses on course study and research, and offers various legal courses and related courses such as jurisprudence, criminal law and civil law, regardless of major. The course teaching pays attention to practicality, application, comprehensiveness and emphasis.
(2) In the writing stage of master's thesis, graduate students can choose thesis topics of related majors according to their own interests and conditions, and the thesis requires outstanding application and is guided by tutors of corresponding majors.
Master of Laws students take full-time study and part-time study. Full-time study for two to three years, and part-time study for no more than four years. In teaching, LLM graduate students pay attention to classroom teaching, case teaching and the cultivation of practical ability. The teaching content is set according to the first-level discipline of law, and the credit system is implemented, including compulsory courses and elective courses. The compulsory course is 30 credits, and the total credits shall not be less than 45 credits.
Master of Laws students are collectively trained by the tutor group, which is composed of full-time and associate professors with the qualifications of tutor for master students in various majors, and is attended by senior professional and technical personnel from legal practice departments. Master's degree thesis focuses on students' hobbies and original professional background, and the number of words is generally not less than 20 thousand words.
10. What is the graduation career choice of LLM graduates?
After graduation, LLM graduates are mainly engaged in practical work such as legislation, judicature, administrative law enforcement, legal services and enterprise management. According to the provisions of the Judges Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Public Prosecutors Law of the People's Republic of China, judges of the Higher People's Court and the Supreme People's Court, and prosecutors of people's procuratorates of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should have a master's degree in law or above.
In addition, a considerable number of LLM graduates have obtained doctor of law degrees after graduation. Therefore, for the majority of illegal students, it is the best choice to get a master of law from a high starting point and directly engage in legal work or further study.