Look at the overview, clarify the concept, and see how to master the work.

Start as soon as possible

Learn key techniques before brothers and sisters leave.

3. Most articles read the abstract, and a few articles read the full text.

Mastering the skills of searching the full text, people often take pleasure in obtaining the full text, so that they have no time to read the content of the article, or even disdain to read the abstract. There are not many really useful full texts. Excessive pursuit of full texts is a waste. Don't go to extremes. Of course, it is also wrong to read only the abstract.

Step 4 focus on reading literature

I always forget when I read it. The more time you spend reading documents, the more time you waste. Pay attention to time, it is easier to connect and form an overall impression.

5. Make records and marks.

Copied or printed documents are marked or annotated directly with a pen. Documents in pdf or html format can be highlighted, or you can use an editor to change the text color. This is another important means to avoid wasting time. Otherwise, it is equivalent to not reading it.

6. Read the article to be quoted in person.

There are too many mistakes caused by references.

7. Pay attention to the reference value of the article.

The influence factors of publications and the number of citations of articles can reflect the reference value of articles. But pay attention to how other articles that quote this article evaluate this article: support or opposition, supplement or error correction.

8. Communication is the best teacher

It is common to encounter difficulties in doing experiments. What was your first reaction? Always tried? Give up? Reading? These practices are reasonable, but the first thing that should be thought of is communication. For people with status, private consultation shows your respect for them; For people of the same age, open discussion can make everyone speak freely and be cautious at the same time. Never build a car behind closed doors. An experiment was tossed for half a year, and then someone told you it was a dead end. Isn't it a big loss?

9. The highest level of ability is the ability to express.

No matter how good a job is, it depends on the approval of others in the end. Expression ability, embodied in writing and speaking ability, is a quality that needs long-term training. For example, if rare cases are found, write a paper and send one; If you can't write well, you can only send a case report. For example, do a project and write one or more papers; If you can't write well, you can only send a work summary or be shot. A picture and a table are all expressions. Hundreds of thousands of words of tender can win a large sum of money; Although the relationship is very important, it is not good to write too badly. Some people say that I don't study PCR, spss, but PPT. There is some truth in this statement. On the surface, the boss in the lab walks the rivers and lakes by a string of ppt. There are often graduate students who are awed by their quick thinking and clear rules. Graduate students often don't understand, "why do I do most of the work, but the boss asks another person who doesn't do much work to write articles?" Let him speak at the conference? " Don't you see that people have the ability to come with their mouths open?

10. Learn English well instead of learning a foreign language.

Now whether you go to Japan or Europe, academic exchange has long been the world of English. You don't have to feel sorry for not understanding a French article. The person who wrote that article was worried about not learning English well. If you are not proficient in English, don't learn a second language for a while.

English article writing

1. Read 10 document and summarize 100 common sentence patterns and phrases. Review regularly. Note that the author of the document must be a native English speaker, and the content of the document should be related to your major. This is a by-product of reading literature at ordinary times.

2. Find 3-5 articles whose technical routes and statistical methods are close to your topic for intensive reading.

Write a draft paper. Title, author, abstract, background, purpose, materials, methods, achievements, discussions, thanks, references, legends, charts, tables, photos and explanations should be written in a unified format. The advantage of this is that it can be easily changed into any magazine format.

3. For each part of the paper, especially a specific method and a specific aspect to be discussed, find 5-8 documents to read, enrich and improve. The discussion here only involves English expression and is only recommended to people who lack English writing experience.

4. Find the manuscript contract of the magazine you want to contribute, then find 2-3 articles in the magazine and rewrite them according to its format. be filled/suffused/brimming with

This means that every rewrite should be saved as a different file name first, so as not to be unrecoverable when an error occurs.

5. Find an English expert to correct it. If you can't find the right person, go to the English paper editing service.

Attachment and improvement, not translation) company, strongly recommended to people with money and no time.

document management

1. When downloading electronic documents (caj, pdf, html), paste the title of the article as the file name.

Note that the file name cannot have special symbols, so \/:*? & lt& gt| and line breaks are deleted. every time

Setting the file name according to the same habit can prevent repeated downloading.

2. Different themes are stored in different folders. The title of the folder should be short, such as: PD, LTP, PKC, NO.

3. After reading the documents, put them in subfolders, and at least separate the useful from the useless.

4. The important files are numbered 00 1 002,003 before the file names according to their importance, and then the icons are arranged according to their names, with the most important files at the front.

5. Copied or printed documents should be punched with a punching machine (￥ 10- 15) and put into a hard folder (￥ 10-20/ sheet).

We often play tricks on the citation of references, but we don't know that these will reduce the quality of the paper.

1. Know without quoting.

Obviously drawing lessons from similar work of peers, but deliberately not citing similar work of peers, so that their work looks "novel" and "leading". In fact, the reviewers may be peers.

Out of context

Deliberately intercept the part that the author tries to deny to set off his own point of view.

3. Quoted but inaccurate

I didn't read the original carefully, and the quotation was wrong.

4. False sources

Part of the text sources are unreliable (such as informal or academic publications), and the source is not indicated. It is very common in some statistics.

5. Blind self-citation

Not to illustrate the relationship between my works and my previous works, but to increase the number of times my articles are cited.

Several reasons for the low level of domestic articles;

1. The knowledge of reviewers is out of date.

The old reviewers' ability of literature retrieval and internet access is quite limited, and it is impossible to verify whether the research is meaningful, where the innovation lies, whether the methods are reliable and whether the results are credible. But strangely, they often put forward the opinion that "references are not up to date".

2. Choose the wrong reviewer

Although two reviewers are usually appointed, the editorial department often allows people who don't know molecular biology to review articles on molecular biology and people who don't know statistics to review and handle more complicated articles. In order to save face, few people put forward "I am not fit to judge this article".

3. Relationship articles

With the relationship, everything is simple.

4. Don't admit negative results

The negative results of honesty are considered meaningless. No wonder someone shouted "I want to run a negative magazine".

Make fake goods

No one wants to be a victim of this system. If you can't get the expected results, you can't finish the work. In order to survive and graduate on time, build it.

Dynamic scientific research

1. Scientific research depends on accumulation.

With Roentgen's discovery of X-rays, the chances of winning the Nobel Prize based on a simple observation are getting less and less. More scientific research results come from the long-term accumulation in the laboratory. In the end, it deserves it. Don't expect to achieve anything in scientific research. Don't aim too high for the design topic. The same is true of fund evaluation. Without previous accumulation, the possibility of obtaining funding is very small. Choose your tutor carefully: Do you want to start from scratch or get married?

2. The literature should be tracked.

What you know by consulting the literature at the beginning of the topic may be quite different at the end of the topic. Attention should be paid to tracking during the experiment. With luck, you can get more clues; Unfortunately, I found someone else beat me to it. Modify your experiment accordingly. Be sure to check the literature again before writing a paper.

3. Records should be reviewed.

The previous experimental records should be reviewed frequently. With the increase of experience and knowledge, you will find that the initial judgment may not be correct.

I once asked some people who are more experienced than me, "What is scientific research?" Instead of answering me directly, they gave me five metaphors.

Scientific research is a popular song.

Use the popular, do the popular. Open mouth biochip, closed mouth nanotechnology. The boss comes from idolization, and what is popular is the best.

2. Scientific research is grafting.

Design project? How is the topic designed? It's a spell. The material of A, the method of B, the index of C, and the meaning of D.

Scientific research is a fool's camera.

Don't understand the principle? Forgive me for being old and having no time to read the principle. I can toss, and I will come out after a few more tossing. Why do you want to do this step? As long as the boss knows! I can't finish the work he assigns every week.

4. Scientific research is picturesque.

Can't you write a summary? Roger that. Can't write a paper? Settings. No one will pursue it anyway. Ignorant and fearless!

5. Scientific research is rubbish.

The experiment was completed, the paper was published, and the defense was passed. The boss said earnestly, "after you left, all this was rubbish."

Dizzy! Pour! Fight and fall!

They didn't lie to me. Pragmatism has its reasons. But I no longer criticize the domestic scientific research level casually, because at some point I repeated the same story.

Write a graduation thesis

1. Draw the outline first

Writing without an outline is a bad habit. Hundreds of words are fine, thousands of words are barely enough, and tens of thousands of words are difficult. It is necessary to list the writing outline and enrich it to ensure the coherence of ideas and the balance of words.

2. Write more at ordinary times

Summarize the phased work in time, write more articles and contribute more. In the final stage, combining these words organically is a good graduation thesis.

3. Don't list all the data

In order to ensure the weight of graduation thesis, graduate students often observe more indicators. But the more data, the better. Be sure to discard data that has little to do with the main idea. Otherwise, it is either cumbersome, loose or flawed.

4. Print changes

Modifying directly on the computer will miss many mistakes. In order to reduce any mistakes as much as possible, be sure to print it out and modify it.

Let others point out mistakes.

Modifying yourself is still limited by personal habits. The mistakes were there, but they turned a blind eye. Let others point out your mistakes, whether he is in your major or not.

How to read literature

1. Target:

Aimlessness is inefficient, and it is inefficient to fail to grasp the key points. There may be some confusion before choosing a topic, and I don't know where to start. I just read a lot of literature and don't know why. Under the guidance of tutors and the inspiration of peers, some people can quickly define their goals and have a clear aim, and the introduction begins here. Even if the tutor doesn't give guidance and is uncertain about the topic, he should first decide a specific question and read the literature. Whether you do these things in the future or not, it is much better than having no goal, and you are guaranteed to gain something. The general principles of scientific research are universal.

2. Level:

For a specific subject, the relevant literature belongs to three levels: research direction, research field and research theme. For example, some people study the directional differentiation of stem cells to treat Parkinson's disease. For him, the research direction is Parkinson's disease, and the research field is stem cell therapy for Parkinson's disease. The research topic is that some substance induces stem cells to differentiate into dopamine-secreting nerve cells. When reading a document, you should distinguish which level the document belongs to, which determines to what extent you should master it.

Literature at the research direction level: generally involving basic knowledge and discipline level, understanding the current major progress and trends, reaching the level of professionals; Research domain-level literature: understand the key points and hot spots, the topics that have been/are/will be carried out, and reach the expert level; To study the literature at the discipline level: we should fully understand the history, present situation, prospect, main methods and means, and reach the expert level of No 1.

Only by correctly distinguishing the levels of the article can we put our energy into thinking.

3. Form:

Literature in a broad sense includes all forms of publication that can be read. Textbooks, monographs, conference abstracts, periodicals, web pages and even ppt files. For example, to understand the basic forms of immune response, it is best to read textbooks; To refer to the stereotactic atlas of rat brain, it is best to read monographs; To know the latest progress, it is best to consult periodicals; To learn about other people's research trends, it is best to attend a conference or read a compilation of conference papers. Don't look for the wrong information source.

4. Degree:

Different degrees of familiarity with the literature, the way to read the literature is also very different. Beginners learn to read word for word, find out the details and master the most basic knowledge points. The first ten or dozens of articles should be read intensively, and the best ones should even be recited. Veteran search reading is familiar with all kinds of common learning patterns and routines, can quickly extract key information, grasp ideas, and often read out of order. Some people look at pictures and talk, while others can count and read books. The master read critically, hitting the nail on the head and pointing to the problem. In fact, no piece of paper is impeccable. Novices should be steady, veterans should be accurate, and experts should be ruthless. The representatives of novice, veteran and expert are graduate students, tutors and reviewers respectively, but the graduate students who study hard can completely change from novice to expert within three years. Only when you have a clear positioning of yourself can you choose the correct reading method.

5. Contradictions:

I read too many documents, and my mind is full of information. The public said it was right, and the woman said it was right, but she didn't know what to do. In order to solve this problem, evidence-based medicine divides the grades of clinical trial evidence; Similarly, we should also pay attention to the strength of experimental evidence when reading literature. Discovering contradictions is the first step; Finding out the similarities and differences is the second step; Thinking and solving are the third step. We can find the root of the contradiction from the derivation of the contradictory conclusion. At this time, if we can jump out of the circle and start from the original scientific problems, we can really reach another realm. Why do you want to translate foreigners' summaries and lie about your own? Why repeat other people's experiments and lie about your own ideas?