1 basic research on plant cell engineering
Plant cell engineering is a science and technology based on engineering technology and modern biological science. Its development depends on the development and progress of botany, molecular biology, plant physiology, genetics, environmental engineering, plant nutrition and other disciplines, which can provide very important technology for the research of biological science. Plant developmental biology is the main content of contemporary plant science research. The in vitro culture of organs and somatic embryos and the regulation of this step have established a good experimental system, which greatly enriched the content of plant biology and accelerated its development. Plant thin-layer cell culture has become a key technology for in vitro study of physiology and biochemistry, plant regeneration and genetic transformation. And the application of in vitro culture technology to explore the development of flower organs has achieved flowering and fruiting on a variety of plants. Protoplast culture provides a good technical system for the study of single cells, and has been applied in many research fields, such as the mechanism of plant hormones, plant cell division, cell wall biology, gene expression, substance transmembrane transport and so on.
2 plant cell engineering technology and its application
2. 1 haploid doubling technology and its application
The technology of obtaining haploid plants by using plant tissues to culture haploid plants and then obtaining diploid plants by natural method or artificial doubling method is called doubling haploid technology. In this technology, anthers and pollen are the most widely used in culture. Using this technology to culture anthers and pollen to obtain plants has been successfully tested on more than 250 kinds of plants. At present, China has taken the lead in anther culture and haploid breeding in the world. N6 medium developed by many researchers has been widely used in anther and pollen culture of Gramineae plants, and now it has been regarded as a general medium for flower culture at home and abroad. In addition, many new varieties have been cultivated in various crops by flower cultivation techniques, such as rice variety Zhonghua series, wheat variety Jinghua series, rape variety Huayou 1 No. The promotion of these successfully cultivated varieties has achieved good social and economic benefits.
Hereditarily, we obtained the method of chromosome generation exchange and addition line through flower culture technology, and now it is widely used in wheat, barley and some solanaceae plants. This method greatly improves the efficiency of distant hybridization breeding.
The natural phenomenon of plants is gynogenesis. The development of gynogenesis is to produce haploid plants by culturing some unfertilized ovaries and ovules in vitro, or to induce gynogenesis by using different kinds of pollen or physically treated pollen in vivo. At present, this cultivation method has been successful in 10 plants. The technology of inducing parthenogenesis in vitro to obtain double haploids has a short development time, but it has been used to construct receptor materials for genetic analysis, crop improvement and transgenic.
2.2 Protoplast culture and somatic hybridization
The core technologies of plant cell engineering are protoplast culture and somatic hybridization.
In order to avoid the incompatibility of distant hybridization of plants and constantly innovate new germplasm resources, it provides an important scientific research basis for realizing plant genetic transformation and cytological basic research. Food crops, vegetables, fruit trees, flowers, trees, etc. Obtain protoplast regenerated plant. Crops and cash crops are mainly cultured with protoplasts, which is the development trend of plants in recent years, from annual to perennial, from herbaceous to woody, from high to low. Protoplast culture, somatic hybridization, evaluation and utilization of somatic impurity seeds are many research directions in China. The number of protoplast plants obtained for the first time ranks among the top in the world, and the application of advanced achievements is mainly in the establishment and improvement of protoplast culture system, identification of somatic impurity seeds, creation of new germplasm and so on. Its application in plant cell physiology and genetics, genomics and protein genomics is mainly based on protoplast culture technology.
2.3. Strengthen the basic research of plant cell engineering.
The progress and development of basic science is the main platform for the development of plant cell engineering. By strengthening the rapid organic integration of basic plant metabolic engineering, plant cell engineering and plant genetic engineering, combined with molecular marker-assisted breeding technology, the research and application of transgenic plants and plant bioreactors are promoted.
3 Conclusion
The development of modern biotechnology needs the research and application of plant cell engineering to promote it. As a very independent discipline and technical research, plant cell engineering has made great contributions to the efficient, high-quality and sustainable development of modern agriculture. The progress of life science and engineering technology has strongly promoted the development of plant cell technology and the further development of modern life science and technology.
Increasing the basic research and innovation of plant cell engineering will provide a broader development platform for the progress of plant cell engineering and make greater contributions to the development of modern socialist agricultural science and technology.
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