Battleship Dante AliGneki Cherie (Battleship Dante AliGneki Cherie) was born in a declining aristocratic family in Florence, Italy on 1265. According to his own poem, "born under Gemini" should be at the end of May or early June. At the age of 5, his biological mother died and his father was his second wife. His stepmother gave birth to two younger brothers and a younger sister? . His father has been in business for a long time because of the decline of his family.
Dante's life is rarely recorded, but there are many writers, many of whom are unreliable. He may not have received a formal education (some people say he studied in Bologna and Paris), but he learned a lot from many famous friends and teachers, including Latin, Provence and music. I may have been a knight when I was young, participated in several wars, and got married at the age of 20. His wife gave birth to six children, three of whom were 65438+.
At that time, Florence politics was divided into two factions, one was the Zeppelin Party loyal to the Holy Roman Emperor, and the other was the Gaelic Party loyal to the Pope. After 1266, due to the powerful influence of the Pope, Gail won without a party and exiled the West Berlin faction.
Pope Benifas VIII, who was elected in 1294 after Gefei came to power, wanted to control Florence. Some wealthy citizens in the city of hope are unwilling to be controlled by the Pope and split into a "white party", while others have not settled down and hope to turn over and become a "black party" with the help of the Pope.
The two factions are fighting again. Dante's family originally belonged to the Gaelic Sect. Dante enthusiastically advocated independence and freedom, so he became the backbone of the white party and was elected as one of the six members of the executive Committee of the highest authority. He has a famous saying: "Go your own way and let others talk."
130 1 year, the pope sent Carlo di valois, the brother of the French king, to Florence to "reconcile". Suspecting that the trip had another purpose, White sent a delegation headed by Dante to persuade the Pope to take back his life.
But there is no result. Sure enough, Carlo immediately organized gangs to slaughter the opposition, took control of Florence, and announced the exile of Dante. Once he returned to the city, any Florentine soldier could execute and burn him, and Dante never returned to his hometown.
1308, Luxemburg's henry vii was elected as the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, ready to invade Florence. Dante wrote to him and pointed out the place of attack, so White began to hate Dante. 13 13 Henry died, and Dante's hopes were dashed.
13 15, Florence was in power by soldiers, and it was announced that if Dante was willing to pay a fine, sprinkle dust on his head and hang a knife around his neck, he could return to China for a week without guilt.
Dante wrote back and said, "This method is not the way for me to return to China! If I damage Dante's reputation, I will never set foot in Florence again! Can't I enjoy the light of the sun, moon and stars elsewhere? If I don't bow and scrape to the people of Florence, can't I get in touch with the precious truth? To be sure, I don't worry about having no bread! "
When Dante was exiled, he lived in several cities in Italy, and some recorded that he had been to Paris. He used his works to dispel homesickness, and wrote down all benefactors and enemies in his masterpiece Divine Comedy, mocking the Pope. He put his unrequited love object, a woman named Beatrice, at the top of heaven, and Beatrice died at the age of 25.
Dante died in 132 1 and in Lavoine, in the northeast of Italy.
brief introduction
Battleship Dante AliGneki Cherie (Italian: Battleship Dante AliGneki Cherie, Italian: [? Dante Ali? π jri], 1265- 132 1 September 14) is Dulanty di Alligier del Alighieri, also known as the famous Italian poet Dante in the Middle Ages.
He is the founder of modern Italian and the pioneer of European Renaissance. His epic Divine Comedy will be remembered by future generations. He is known as the supreme poet in Italy and the father of Italian. Dante is the greatest poet in Europe and one of the greatest writers in the world.
Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio are pioneers of the Renaissance. They are called "the three stars of the Renaissance" and "the three writers of literature".
Extended data:
I. Works
The Divine Comedy describes Dante's travels in hell, purgatory and heaven.
It was first guided by Virgil, an ancient Roman poet, and later by his sweetheart Betty Bo Tinari (Betty Bo Tinari is also the theme of Dante's poetry collection "New Life"). )
The description of heaven is quite vivid for modern people, while other parts reveal theological nuances, which require readers to have considerable patience and knowledge to understand. Among them, purgatory is the most lyrical of the three, and it is also interspersed with a lot of poems. Heaven is the most theological, with the most beautiful and fascinating content.
There are some things that Dante admits he can't express (for example, when Dante sees God's face, "the scene at that time is beyond his description." Heaven 33, 142)
Due to its serious purpose, literary status and scope, The Divine Comedy has become an important cornerstone of the development of Italian literature. Dante knew Italian dialect better than other early Italian writers, and he also knew that it was necessary to create a unified writing and language, which exceeded the limitations of Latin at that time.
On this level, Dante is a pioneer of the Renaissance, and can be compared with the early classical writers in popular literature. Dante's understanding of ancient Rome and his admiration for some pagan aspects of ancient Rome also influenced the fifteenth century. Ironically, centuries after his death, The Divine Comedy was no longer popular with literati, too medieval, too rough, too tragic, and not the literature that everyone expected to see during the Renaissance.
Dante called the language he used to write Divine Comedy "Italian", which was mainly Tuscan dialect, but Latin and other regional dialects were also added. He deliberately hoped that ordinary people, clergy or other poets could read his epic. In order to create the structure and complex purpose of epic, Dante wrote Italian.
In France, Italian is sometimes called "Dante's language". Dante published the Divine Comedy in a popular language, and together with geoffrey chaucer and Giovanni Boccaccio, he became one of the pioneers who published it without Latin in the early days. This breakthrough has enabled more literary works to be published for many readers.
However, unlike Giovanni Boccaccio, John Mill or Ariosto, Dante was not a famous writer in Europe before The Romantic Period. In The Romantic Period, Dante, like Shakespeare, is a standard "original genius". He sets his own rules and shapes a role with status and depth, which is beyond the previous writers and can't be imitated by other writers.
/kloc-in the 0/9th century, Dante's reputation became more and more stable. By 1865, he has become one of the greatest writers in the western world.
Dante's other works include Ode to Joy, his longest anthology of poems and moral comments, and The Prince, a collection of political philosophy written in Latin.
After Dante's Death, the Latin paper de vulgarization Eloquentia, condemned and destroyed by Ambassador Bertrando del Poggetto of the Holy See, is a work on popular literature.
La Vita Nuova tells the story of his love for Betty Portinari, who is also the last redemption in The Divine Comedy. New Life contains many love poems written by Dante in Tuscany, which was the first one at that time.
Second, the evaluation
British writer Andrew Norman Wilson: "Dante is the greatest poet in Europe, and can also be said to be the greatest poet in the Middle Ages. However, many non-Italian readers avoid his works, so they lose the opportunity to gain the greatest aesthetic, imaginative, emotional and intellectual experience. " "First of all, you only need to know that he has two ambitions. One is to become a great poet, and he succeeded.
Secondly, he has political ambitions. 12 years old, according to the custom of 13 century, his father decided to get engaged to Gemma Dunati, but he didn't say a word to his wife in his works. "
T·S· Eliot: "Shakespeare shows the broadness of human feelings; Dante shows the highest and deepest feelings of human beings. " It's Italian Dante, the last poet in the Middle Ages and the first poet in the new era.
Third, the influence of characters.
Dante wrote many works in his life, the most valuable of which is undoubtedly the Divine Comedy. Through the dialogue between the author and various famous figures in hell, purgatory and heaven, this work reflects the achievements and some major problems in the field of medieval culture, and has the nature of "encyclopedia", from which we can also glimpse the dawn of humanistic thought in the Renaissance.
In this epic with more than 14,000 lines, Dante resolutely opposed obscurantism in the Middle Ages, criticized all kinds of evil deeds of figures in the old century, praised the beauty and bright guidance of the soul, and expressed his persistent pursuit of truth, which had a far-reaching impact on the poetry creation of later generations in Europe.
In addition to The Divine Comedy, Dante also wrote poetry anthology New Life, Poetics of Language, Feast of Philosophy and Theology, and Monarchy in Political Science. There are thirty-one lyric poems in New Life, which mainly express feelings for Beatrice. Simple, beautiful and moving, it has reached the highest achievement of "gentle new style" poetry.
Dante is a great writer in the world and a symbol of an era.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-Dante