Project declaration generally includes the following steps: 1. Topic selection; 2. read the literature; 3. Write a project declaration. Seeing this, you may feel a little familiar. In fact, the preparation of project declaration is very similar to the preparation of paper opening. Therefore, students who want to prepare the opening report also need to learn this skill.
(1) Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle.
Project sponsors have a decisive influence on the final approval of the project, and different project sponsors have different preferences for project topics. Therefore, before choosing a project, you should first know the sponsors of the project you declare, search the recent work focus of the unit on the Internet, and see what the frontier issues they are most concerned about, so as to make your project as close as possible to the work focus of the sponsors.
(2) Keep up with hot spots
As a graduate student, in addition to learning the knowledge in books, we should always pay attention to the latest development of related industries, understand the hot topics in this discipline and related industries, and study hot issues from a unique perspective. Hot issues often get a high degree of attention, and they are generally new problems that have appeared recently. Academic research in this field may not be sufficient. Therefore, such topics are often more easily concerned, more innovative and more easily recognized.
(C) consider their own research preferences
There are often many difficulties in the process of scientific research. At this time, interest can push you to overcome difficulties and face them. Although you can't take interest as the primary factor in choosing a topic, you need to consider your own research preferences when choosing a topic. Most graduate students have their own concerns, and it would be great if they could turn their long-term concerns and interests into project topics to declare. If you can't, try to be close to your familiar field, have the ability to control, and be interested in in in-depth research.
(d) The topic should not be too big.
The most common mistake we make when choosing a topic is that the topic is too big, which is often because our definition of the research object is not clear enough. Generally, the specific content to be studied is determined first, then it is abstracted into a concept and a proposition is drawn up. Sometimes, if you follow this abstract concept, you may find that this concept contains too many specific things, including not only the object you want to study, but also many other things that your research may not involve; If you choose such a vague concept in the topic selection, it may first make the judges feel that you are not qualified to do this project; Secondly, even if the project is approved, it will be troublesome to complete the later project, which is equivalent to digging a hole for your own research.
The process of collecting, screening, sorting and reading documents is the basis of scientific research projects and writing project declaration (opening report). Through literature research, we can basically understand the value, rationality and innovation of the selected topic, so it is also helpful to retrieve and consult some literature at the same time.
You must learn to use keywords skillfully when searching for documents. Keywords can be the concept words you set for the research object, or you can search for other similar and related concepts. By reading these articles, you can consider whether the conceptual words you set in the topic are accurate or not. Literature source is one of the important dimensions to test the quality of literature. If you don't have time to read too many documents, you can only set the papers of core journals in the screening criteria when searching for documents, or only display the achievements of national social science fund projects. This filtering function can be realized in most paper databases.
The process of reading literature can be divided into two steps: the first step is literature overview. This step is basically synchronized with the topic selection. Through keyword search, we can find out how many people have done research on related issues, whether their topics are innovative or not, and whether they can find other research perspectives. The second step is literature research. Literature research is obviously deeper. After the topic is determined, we should screen, classify and read the widely collected literature before, and summarize that the previous studies on related issues can be roughly divided into several categories, all of which clearly explain those problems, the advantages and limitations of these studies, and deduce the differences between our topic and other studies, and form a detailed literature review on this basis. At the same time, in the process of reading literature, we can also learn from some other researchers' research perspectives and research methods, and think about whether we can learn from them, whether there are other more innovative perspectives or more scientific research methods.
To sum up, at least the following results can be obtained through literature research: 1. Research status at home and abroad; 2. The meaning of the topic; 3. Innovative topic selection; 4. Research methods. These points basically constitute the first half of the project declaration.
Most project applications will clearly indicate what needs to be filled in, some of which are not clearly indicated, but generally include the following aspects:
(1) project demonstration and research plan
This part mainly discusses the most basic questions related to the topic, why did you choose this topic, what is the value of this research, whether there are similar studies at home and abroad, and what are the innovations of your topic compared with other similar studies. That is, the harvest of the above-mentioned literature research.
1. background of topic selection (or "purpose of topic selection"): briefly explain the industry background and policy background related to topic selection, that is, clearly explain "why choose this topic".
2. Current research situation at home and abroad: introduce what the predecessors' research on the same research object includes, what conclusions are drawn, what shortcomings still exist in these studies, and what research gaps are not involved by the predecessors.
3. Research significance: After analyzing the current research situation, it is necessary to explain the significance of the topic, which generally includes theoretical significance and practical significance, and can also be called academic value and application value. Theoretical significance refers to what kind of theoretical contribution the research results may bring to the academic circles, and practical significance refers to what influence your research has on the development of an industry or the specific operation of an enterprise.
4. Research contents and basic ideas: Expounding the basic problems and specific aspects to be studied in my own topic. This part of the content should be as detailed as possible, and the explanation should be organized to reflect the logic of the project research.
5. Research methods: all research methods that may be involved in the research of the subject. The research methods commonly used in humanities and social sciences include literature research, questionnaire survey, in-depth interview, case study and comparative study.
6. Focus, difficulty and innovation of the research: the focus is the core part of the research and the core problem to be solved in the research project. The difficulty is the possible difficulties in the project research, mainly to investigate whether the project applicant has an overall evaluation of the project development process and whether he understands the difficulties in the research; The difficulty can be a part of the research content or a link of the research, for example, it is difficult to obtain some data needed by the project. Innovation is the highlight of your project. Compared with other people's research, what research perspectives or innovative research methods have not been involved in your project? Innovation is the key to project demonstration.
(two) to complete the demonstration of the project conditions
This part mainly demonstrates that the research group has the conditions and ability to complete the research through the strength of the members of the research group and the research results of the research group.
1. Related projects undertaken by the project leader: list all the names of projects that have been done by the project leader and are related to the declared projects; If it is explicitly required to list only the projects that the "project leader" has participated in, do as required; If there are no specific requirements, you can also list the related projects undertaken by other members of the research group to prove the scientific research strength of the research group.
2. Relevant representative research results published by the project leader in recent years: List the works and papers published by the project leader in 5~ 10. Of course, the listed achievements should be related to the declared subject, at least in the same subject. As above, if there are no specific requirements, you can also list the relevant scientific research achievements of other members of the research group.
3. Time guarantee for completing the project: here, it is necessary to make a time plan for the specific process of the project, divide the project research into several stages, list the tasks to be completed in each stage and the deadline of each stage, and reflect the applicant's overall grasp of the project progress.
4. Scientific research conditions required to complete the project: This paper mainly lists the scientific research conditions possessed by the research group. For humanities and social science projects, there may not be too many hard conditions such as experimental instruments and equipment, but more soft power owned by the research group. For example, the members of the research group are the leaders of a certain discipline, and the project applicant works in a research laboratory of the school and can provide technical support for the project, or the research group has done similar projects, has certain industry resources and cooperation experience with important units in the industry.
(3) Expected scientific research achievements
A qualified project applicant should be able to have a reasonable expectation of his own project results. The quantity and form of scientific research results should depend on the basic situation of the subject. General schools will provide thousands of dollars for innovative projects carried out by students, and the results can be published papers or detailed scientific research reports. If it is a large project at the municipal, provincial and ministerial level, the amount of funding will be several hundred thousand yuan, and the corresponding project scale will be even larger. Under a large project, there are usually some sub-projects, each of which will have its own results, and then form an overall result set; In this case, the sub-projects included in the project, the possible phased results of each sub-project and the final total project results table should be stated in the project application form.
(4) Budget
In the budget part, it is necessary to list in detail the various uses of scientific research funds and how much each category needs to be allocated. The budget of funds is closely related to the reimbursement of future funds. Therefore, when making the budget, we should fully consider the quantity and amount of funds needed for each link in the project progress. Never fill in the budget at will, which may not only bring trouble to the later reimbursement, but also directly affect whether the project can be approved and how much money you can get at the end of the project. If the approver thinks that the budget you fill in is unreasonable, even if your project topic is outstanding, it is likely that it will not be funded according to the declared amount, which will reduce the amount they think is unreasonable.
It's not that difficult to declare subjects. You'll have experience if you fill in a few more declarations. The key to project application is to select the subject and fill in the project application form. Literary reading interspersed in these two key tasks can lay the foundation for them. The topic selection should not only attach importance to the research value of the project, but also be practical. The most important thing in project application is to clarify two points: first, the significance and specific content of the project; The second is to demonstrate that the research group has the strength and conditions to complete the project and achieve corresponding results. Finally, there is a little trick. The project application should be filled in in an orderly and hierarchical manner, and each paragraph should be dominated by a subtitle. It is forbidden to discuss long paragraphs without main points. The approver may not have the patience to ponder the meaning of each paragraph carefully.