Ps: If you come across a new word in the exam, you can translate it. If you look at the whole sentence, maybe you can guess it. If you can't guess, there is nothing you can do. Seize the opportunity, it's true.
Generally speaking, classical Chinese is not difficult, mainly depending on the accumulation of language sense and peacetime. Therefore, you must practice more and memorize more classical Chinese. In fact, you will know that it is not difficult, and there is really nothing to pay attention to. )
2. Chinese reading is an important part of Chinese examination questions, which reading questions should be paid attention to, especially in the college entrance examination, whose characteristics of high difficulty, low score and strong subjectivity have been proved by the practice of Chinese college entrance examination over the years.
In my opinion, in order to improve Chinese reading comprehension, we should pay attention to the following points: 1. Grasping the reading process by using information skillfully is the process of obtaining information, and the quality of reading depends on how much information is captured. When doing the topic, you can first look at the author, writing time and comments after the article, and at the same time, you should especially browse what questions are asked later, and guess what the main idea of the article is from the options of the topic.
If it is a novel, we should focus on its characters, plot, etc. If it is an argumentative essay, we should focus on the arguments, arguments, arguments and other elements. Understand the author's main writing intention, and then grasp the full text as a whole, and you will have a good idea to solve the problem.
Second, determine the outline of the area. Reading a long paragraph mainly uses intensive reading, which needs to be scrutinized word by word. Therefore, in the usual practice, we should cultivate the habit of multi-outlining and multi-marking. We can first look at which paragraphs or fields the topic involves and which sentences are related. After determining a certain answer area, carefully understand the meaning of each sentence in this paragraph, then clarify the relationship between paragraphs and understand the writing ideas.
With this habit, it is possible to form a strong analytical and comprehensive ability. When reading, ponder over the questions repeatedly and circle the relevant content, so you don't need to search from beginning to end when answering questions, which can save a lot of valuable time.
Third, pay attention to the original text. Without raw materials, I'm afraid no one can answer correctly or completely. Therefore, the most important and effective way to answer the reading questions accurately is to find the answers in the original text.
Most questions can be answered in the article. Of course, the sentences you find are not necessarily used directly, so you must process them according to the requirements of the topic, or extract words or compress the trunk, extract the main points or reorganize them.
Even if you summarize the whole paragraph, you should make full use of the original text. It should also be noted that many students have strong memory ability of basic knowledge, but weak transfer ability, especially the contextual meaning and function of words, words and sentences.
Here is the solution of the 16-character formula for your reference. 1, word for word.
Polysemy is very common in Chinese. When understanding the meaning of a word in a word, we must put it into this word to investigate, that is to say, this word can not be separated from this word, so as to accurately understand the meaning of this word.
Such as: hearsay, Tao, pointing to Tao; Like-minded, Tao, meaning truth II. Words and sentences are inseparable. In comprehensive reading questions, it is often required to understand the meaning and function of words in the context.
This request has the following aspects: polysemy. This is very common in classical Chinese.
Such as: policy is not driven by its way, policy and drive; In the face of strategy, strategy and whip are mostly manifested as contextual meanings in modern texts. These should be inferred according to the specific language environment, that is, the sentence itself, that is, words and sentences are inseparable. For example, the original meaning of the word "meet the teacher" means making polite remarks and teaching (me).
It has different meanings in different language environments. In the article "Ju", I quoted the previous "teaching" to butcher Hu, saying that "the father-in-law is knowledgeable".
As for the expressive function of a word in a sentence, we should understand it according to the specific language environment, rather than explain it separately from the sentence. 3. The sentence does not leave the paragraph.
In other words, the analysis and understanding of sentences can not be separated from specific paragraphs and specific language environment. If we leave the specific paragraphs and the specific language environment, many sentences can only be understood in a narrow sense or even incomprehensible.
Only by combining specific paragraphs and language environment will we know what position this sentence occupies in the full text. 4, the paragraph does not leave the body.
Paragraph is an integral part of the article, which embodies the author's writing thought. Therefore, the reading comprehension of paragraphs cannot be divorced from the main idea and the center of the article.
Otherwise, the understanding of the content or function of the paragraph will be biased.
3. What should we pay attention to when learning classical Chinese? 1. This topic depends on the combination of memory and understanding, such as name+name = verb+name. From the memory point of view, this is quite a theorem, but from the understanding point of view, such as modern Chinese, a sentence must have a subject, predicate and object, but it is meaningless to connect two names into a sentence, so it should be used flexibly. 2. It is easier to judge the usage of function words. This kind of question type generally adopts the exclusion method. First, exclude yourself from knowing that there is obvious correctness or correctness at first glance (some options of this kind of questions are generally easy to infer). After exhausting, compare the remaining options with two function words in the same item, and compare their structures or components in the sentence. For example, there are many usages, including the pronoun "de".
4. What kind of reading and analysis ability of classical Chinese in junior high school should be paid attention to after class in grade three depends on accumulation. Hu Yi Xiao Fei Ancient Chinese Network suggests:
1. First of all, we have a basic understanding of the basic grammar of classical Chinese, that is, to understand all the grammatical requirements involved in Chinese teaching. With this foundation, we can further study.
2. Then, learn to break sentences. Even if there are punctuation marks in classical Chinese, sentence breaking still needs to be familiar. If you can't break sentences, you don't deserve meaning. For example, "Who are we going home with?" The sentence is "I/Who will go with me", obviously it is "I/Who will go with me", so it is natural to understand "Who will go back with me?"
3. Then, master the basic notional words: for example, we should understand the explanations of rare words involved in every classical Chinese textbook.
If you go through the above steps, accumulate objectively, and then carry out classical Chinese reading training, your analytical ability will soar. Otherwise, everything will be in vain.
5. Matters needing attention in Chinese reading With the gradual prosperity of the concept of "big Chinese" and the increasing number of Chinese reading analysis questions in the senior high school entrance examination, how to improve students' efficiency in solving reading analysis questions has become a realistic topic that middle school Chinese teachers need to solve urgently.
In my opinion, if we pay attention to strengthening the training of students in the following aspects in daily teaching, it may have a multiplier effect. First, read the selected text repeatedly. Ask students to preview and read the text before explaining it. The purpose is to make students familiar with the text, read the text and understand it.
Answering reading analysis questions is no exception, reading is the foundation. What's more, most of today's selections are literary and artistic. They either pay attention to speculation, enlighten students' wisdom, show new scientific and technological features, broaden students' horizons, or combine reason with emotion to guide students to form a correct aesthetic outlook and outlook on life. Some of them also represent new cultural concepts. These materials are unfamiliar to most students, so it is essential to guide students to browse, read and read materials.
Browse, that is, guide students to learn to read all written materials including topics and test questions quickly. Through browsing, you can get a general understanding of the material content and proposition direction, and form a preliminary impression.
Close reading, that is, on the basis of browsing, let students read the selected article carefully with questions, and have a deep understanding of the idea, writing ideas, expression methods and skills of the article, so as to make the focus clear and the mind comprehensive. Reading requires students to have a preliminary understanding of the material. First, they should focus on reading the stem of the test questions and try to figure out the intention of the questioner. Then, they should read the selected articles on the basis of some thinking, and at the same time, they should focus on reading those questions that require higher answers.
Second, grasping the stylistic features of reading is the premise of answering questions. To do a good job in answering questions, if you just read the selected articles without a certain amount of knowledge accumulation and master some basic skills, you may not be able to start. The characteristics of various styles are knowledge that must be mastered.
Because many reading materials generally have obvious stylistic features, only by mastering the basic knowledge of various styles can it be easy to "get on the right track" when answering questions. For example, narrative often involves six elements of narrative, such as narrative clues, narrative methods and expressions. Explanatory articles often test the way of explanation, the order of explanation, the object and characteristics of explanation, and the method of explanation. Argumentative writing focuses on the three elements of argumentative writing, namely, arguments, types of arguments and argumentation methods.
These are all related to the basic concepts of the corresponding style, with * * * content. If the students have a clear understanding of the stylistic types and basic concepts of the selected composition, they will not be arrogant when answering questions, so that the basic marks will not be lost.
Third, accurately grasp the materials. Every selected article is flesh and blood. But in the process of reading, if you can't grasp the main content or theme quickly and be covered by some specific trivial materials, the answer will be thankless.
How to quickly grasp the backbone and soul of the article? Generally speaking, there are three ways: 1, grasping the topic. The title is the eye of the article. After reading it, you will know the meaning of one third of the article.
Some article titles explain the style or writing direction of the article. If you grasp the topic, there will generally be no big deviation in answering questions. 2. Grasp the central sentence.
The central sentence is the main cornerstone of the article content, and it is often the explanation and extension of the article title. Grasping it, the understanding of the content of the article will be more accurate and specific.
3. Grasp arguments and lyric sentences. Argumentative essays and lyric sentences often play the role of highlighting the center and deepening the theme, which is the most vivid embodiment of the author's emotional tendency.
Therefore, grasping such sentences can often understand the intention of the article and help to understand the center of the article. Fourth, the purpose of answering questions, reading articles, distinguishing styles and basic concepts is to use and answer questions.
It is also important to learn to distinguish different types of questions and handle them skillfully. 1, multiple-choice question.
Exclusion is usually used. The content of reading analysis questions involves not only the content, but also the knowledge in class.
Therefore, if the knowledge mastered in class can be excluded or selected, the difficulty of knowledge selection will be reduced invisibly. 2. Expansion problem.
If you memorize famous sentences according to the relevant content, it is easy to avoid the important and write your most confident answer. Otherwise, it is easy to be thankless.
3. Basic concept questions. When answering questions, we should grasp the main content of the paragraph. We should not pick sesame seeds and throw watermelons, and we should not just miss a page in the forest.
4. Comprehensive analysis questions. For this kind of questions, we should withhold the proposition content on the basis of overall cognition, and we should not take it out of context, let alone answer irrelevant questions.
This kind of questions are often the questions that can best show students' language ability. Answers should be concise and to the point, generally no more than 30 words; Sentences should be fluent, there is no loophole in language expression, and it conforms to logical reasoning; We should focus on the content of the article, highlight the key points, and not just talk about it. The improvement of reading ability will not happen overnight.
It not only requires teachers to clarify basic concepts and do more knowledge transfer training; Students are also required to establish correct thinking methods and values, master answering skills, constantly broaden their knowledge and improve their comprehensive quality and ability. References:
/jxyj How to improve reading ability When it comes to how to improve reading ability, people will naturally think of the answer: read more books.
Of course it's true. It is a well-known truth that practice makes perfect. However, reading should also emphasize quality.
Reading blindly does not necessarily improve reading level. Many students feel wronged, read many articles and learned many so-called skills, but their reading level is always not high.
On the other hand, many teachers are at a loss about how to teach reading well and don't know what to say in reading class. If you just translate articles, it becomes a translation class.
If you talk about skills blindly, there are not many skills to follow in reading itself, and secondly, it is easy to lead students astray by opportunism. How to learn to read? In fact, to answer this question, we have to start with our mother tongue learning.
I basically learned commonly used Chinese characters in primary school, but I still have to learn Chinese in junior high school and senior high school. So what did we learn in the Chinese class in middle school? I'm afraid this question is not easy to answer at the moment.
But at least we are sure that our reading and writing skills have improved. We don't realize that our mother tongue level is gradually improving in a subtle way.
This is true of learning the mother tongue, and so is learning English.
6. What four aspects should we pay attention to when reading narrative classical Chinese? First, clear your mind and see what the author described, and how the article started, developed, deduced and even ended. Second, what did the article write? What is the central event? Third, pay attention to the author's sense of color, pay attention to the author's comments, and even talk about lyricism. Fourthly, narrative classical Chinese expresses characters' character by describing their words and deeds, psychology and portraits.
In particular, it is necessary to point out two aspects: reading narrative classical Chinese should distinguish the outline and details of things, be good at grasping the relationship between related things, grasp their similarities and differences, and grasp key sentences, which is of great significance to the accuracy of analysis and generalization.
7. Classical Chinese reading skills Classical Chinese reading skills:
Step 1: Browse the topic quickly.
Classical Chinese extracurricular reading questions have a characteristic: some topic options show the meaning of some keywords in the text; Some topics hint at the main content of classical Chinese. Browsing topics helps students understand the general meaning of classical Chinese. Therefore, after receiving the extracurricular classical Chinese reading essay, we should first quickly browse the topics after the essay.
Step 2: Analyze the topic carefully.
Generally speaking, the reading paragraphs of classical Chinese after class will be given titles, and most of the titles themselves summarize the main contents of classical Chinese. For example, in an exam, I took an extra-curricular reading article in the classical Chinese "Chu People Learn to Boat". The title of this subject-predicate structure summarizes the main content of the paragraph, and we can know the main content of the paragraph after reading the title. In short, a careful analysis of the title of a paragraph can help us quickly understand the main content of classical Chinese.
Step 3: Read the full text quickly with comments.
When reading a passage of classical Chinese after class, some difficult words in classical Chinese are generally annotated. These notes help students understand the main content of classical Chinese accurately. So, don't ignore these notes, but take them with you to read the full text quickly. In addition, it should be noted that in the process of reading the full text, don't stop and think hard, but continue reading. In short, read the full text quickly, not completely, but understand the main idea of the article. Step 4: Answer the question with the right medicine.
There are three types of reading problems in extracurricular classical Chinese, namely, word interpretation, sentence translation and content understanding. Different problems are solved in different ways:
(1) Word explanation questions: This kind of questions mostly examine the phenomenon of polysemy of content words in classical Chinese, which is basically learned by students in classical Chinese in class. When solving problems, we should first apply the meaning of the content words in classical Chinese that we have learned, and then contact the context test. Fluency after the exam is the correct answer.
(2) Sentence translation: The translated sentence should be translated freely on the basis of literal translation. First, explain the meaning of the key words in the draft (literal translation); Then, write the general meaning of the sentence (free translation). When translating sentences, we should pay attention to the following problems: ① Proper nouns such as year number, person name, place name, official name, object name, book title and country name should be kept as they are, and no translation is needed. For example: "In the spring of four years (year number), Teng (name) was ordered to guard Baling County (place name)". In the spring of Li Qing's fourth year, Teng was demoted to Baling County Order. For example: "Chen Shengsheng, Yangcheng people are also". "Zheye" means meaningless and should be deleted. Chen Sheng is from Yangcheng. ③ Some special sentence patterns in classical Chinese (such as verb inversion, preposition object and adverbial postposition). ) Different from the word order of modern Chinese, appropriate adjustments should be made in translation. For example, "Sorry, you don't like it!" "Your mental deficiency is too serious. (4) If the translated sentence is an ellipsis, the omitted elements should be supplemented. For example, "Uncle Naidan said' Chen' (omitting the subject). "They wrote the words' Chen' on the silk with vermilion.
(3) Content comprehension questions. There are three ways to solve this kind of problem: one is to quote the original sentence to answer; Second, extract keywords from the original text to answer; Third, organize written answers in your own words. Among the three methods, the first and second methods have higher accuracy.