First, you should write clearly what your project is, second, the prospect of the project, third, how to operate and fourth, how much to invest, which is probably the case.

How to write a summary?

It refers to a paper written by the author aiming at a certain topic and summarizing, analyzing and refining a large number of data, materials and main viewpoints in the original research papers in a certain period. The summary is a three-phase document, with strong topic, small scope, certain depth and timeliness, which can reflect the historical background, research status and development trend of this topic and has high information science value. After reading the review, we can know the latest research trends and some original research papers on this subject in a short time. Most medical journals at home and abroad have abstract columns.

Searching and reading literature is an important prerequisite for writing a review. The quality of the review depends largely on the author's mastery of the latest literature related to this topic. If you don't do a good job in literature retrieval and reading, you will certainly write a high-level summary.

The writing format of a review generally includes four parts: preface, text, summary and references.

The preface should use concise words to explain the purpose and necessity of writing, the definition of related concepts, the scope of review, the present situation and trend of related issues, and the focus of current major issues. The preface is generally 200-300 words, not more than 500 words.

Writing is the focus of review, and writing has no fixed format. As long as the comprehensive content can be better expressed, the author can creatively adopt various forms. The text mainly includes two parts: argumentation and argumentation. By asking questions, analyzing and solving problems, we can compare different scholars' views on the same problem and their theoretical basis, and further clarify the context of the problem and the author's own views. The author can also put forward different literary views from the historical background, present situation and development direction of the problem. The body part can be divided into several subheadings according to the content.

Abstract is a brief summary of the main body of the abstract. The author should make a comprehensive evaluation of various viewpoints, put forward his own views, and point out the existing problems and the direction and prospect of future development. A simple summary can also be omitted.

trait

(1) comprehensiveness: the summary should be criss-crossed, with the development of a particular topic as the vertical line, reflecting the progress of the current topic; It is also necessary to make horizontal comparisons from units, provinces, the whole country and foreign countries. Only in this way, the article will occupy a large number of materials, and after comprehensive analysis, induction and sorting, digestion and identification, the materials will be more concise, clearer, more hierarchical and more logical, so as to grasp the development law and predict the development trend of this topic.

(2) Comment: It refers to a more specialized, comprehensive, in-depth and systematic discussion of a certain issue, a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the summarized content, reflecting the author's views and opinions, and forming a whole with the summarized content. Generally speaking, the summary should be analyzed and evaluated by the author, otherwise it is not a summary, but a manual or lecture.

③ Advanced nature: The summary is not about writing the history of subject development, but about collecting the latest information, obtaining the latest content and conveying the latest medical information and scientific research trends to readers in time.

Searching and reading literature is an important prerequisite for writing a review.

The quality of the review depends largely on the author's mastery of the latest literature related to this topic. If you don't do a good job in literature retrieval and reading, you will never write a high-level summary.

format

Generally, it includes title, author, abstract, key words, text and references. The body part consists of preface, body and summary.

The preface uses 200 ~ 300 words to ask questions, including the purpose, significance and function of writing, summarizing the history, data sources, present situation and development trend of the problem, related concepts and definitions, choosing the purpose and motivation of this topic, application value and practical significance, and if it is a controversial topic, pointing out the focus of the debate.

The text mainly includes arguments and arguments. By asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems, the author compares the similarities and differences of various viewpoints and their theoretical basis, thus embodying the author's views. In order to make the question clear and thorough, it can be divided into several subheadings. This part should include historical development, current situation analysis and trend prediction.

① Historical development: in chronological order, briefly explain the proposal of this topic and the development of each historical stage, reflecting the research level of each stage.

② Analysis of the current situation: introduce the current research situation at home and abroad and the opinions of various schools, including the author's own. When necessary, sort out and classify the summarized and classified scientific facts and materials. & gt

How to write a summary of related topics in the opening report?

You can refer to Chenghai Paper/? /article/id- 19/index In the opening report of graduation thesis, it is generally required to summarize the research status at home and abroad in the research field, so as to reflect the completion of graduates' collection, arrangement and reference of relevant documents. At the same time, the summary of the research status is usually placed in the text of the graduation thesis. Therefore, mastering this part of the writing methods and skills is not only conducive to the smooth completion of the opening report, but also very helpful to the formal writing of the later graduation thesis. Compared with science and engineering majors, liberal arts majors have more clear requirements for literature review (that is, the research status at home and abroad) in their graduation thesis, which is usually an essential part of the thesis and occupies an important position and space. Strictly speaking, the summary of the research status quo is a simple summary of the research status quo from the initial stage of graduation thesis research to the present. Therefore, this part generally includes two aspects: one is the summary of mature concepts and research results in this field. When writing a summary of the research status quo, if there is a mature theoretical system in this research field, it is necessary to give a general description of the process of establishing and perfecting this theoretical system, including those who have made outstanding contributions and their main viewpoints. The general writing format is: name (year) main point of view. And describe them in chronological order. This part can refer to related textbooks and previous graduation thesis. At the same time, in order to avoid the repetition of the paper does not meet the requirements, you need to describe it in your own words. However, there is generally no requirement for repetition rate in the opening report of graduation thesis. If time is tight, you can copy the contents of books or previous papers directly into the opening report, and change the way when writing papers. Secondly, the current papers in this field are summarized. This part requires graduates to collect relevant papers and documents in this field, and generally requires papers within 10 years. When writing, you can use the format of "author's name+(year)+main point of view". It is usually necessary to refer to at least 5 papers and summarize the author's main viewpoints and contributions in his own words. Finally, the summary of the research status quo should not include the personal views and opinions of graduates, but should express the research results and opinions of others completely and objectively. Here is a common writing: "Someone (2006) studied and discussed a certain problem in some way, and pointed out that ... (summary of the author's views)." A content generally needs about 200 words. There are no strict rules for graduation thesis of science and engineering majors. When writing about the research status quo, briefly summarize the development process of a certain technology at present. References:

Chenghai graduated from Chenghai Paper, a papermaking network.

How to write a short summary

Literature review is an academic paper written by collecting a large amount of information on a certain topic and making comprehensive analysis. It is a scientific document.

Literature review reflects the latest progress, academic viewpoints and suggestions of an important subject in a branch or field. It can often reflect the new trends, new trends, new levels, new principles and new technologies of related issues.

There are at least the following advantages for students to learn to write a review: ① Through the process of collecting documents, they can be further familiar with the retrieval methods and data accumulation methods of medical documents; In the process of searching, we also expanded our knowledge; (2) Searching for literature and writing literature review is the first step of selecting topics and conducting clinical research, so learning the writing of literature review is also a process of laying the foundation for future scientific research activities; (3) By summarizing the writing process, the ability of induction, analysis and synthesis can be improved, which is conducive to the improvement of independent work ability and scientific research ability; ④ Literature review has a wide range of topics, which can be large or small, difficult or easy, and can be freely selected according to one's own abilities and interests.

Literature review is similar to "reading report", "literature review" and "research progress", all of which are summarized from a special research paper or report. However, literature review is different from "reading report" and "literature review". It simply summarizes the first-class literature objectively, and does not only pay attention to the scientific process like "research progress". Its characteristic is "synthesis", which requires comprehensive analysis and induction of literature materials to make the materials more concise, clear and logical. "Description" refers to a more professional, comprehensive, in-depth and systematic exposition of the comprehensively sorted literature. In a word, literature review is a scientific paper in which the author comments on the historical background, predecessors' work, controversial focus, research status and development prospect of a certain issue.

Writing a literature review generally goes through the following stages: selecting a topic, collecting reading literature, drafting an outline (including induction, collation and analysis) and writing.

First, literature review, topic selection and reading literature collection

Literature review is usually written for some needs, such as selecting topics for academic conferences, engaging in a certain scientific research, and accumulating literature for a certain aspect. Therefore, the author is generally clear about the topic of literature review, not as difficult as the topic of scientific research. Literature review covers a wide range of topics, from a field or discipline to a disease, a method or a theory. For the first time, you can write a literature review according to your own needs, especially the topics selected by interns, so that the number of documents is relatively small and it is easy to summarize and sort out when writing. Otherwise, the topic is too big, and it takes too long to consult the literature, which affects the practice and is difficult to summarize and sort out.

After selecting a topic, we should collect documents related to the topic around the topic. The related methods of literature collection have been introduced in the previous chapters, such as reading monographs, yearbook, browsing, snowballing, retrieval and so on. , and will not be repeated here. The more comprehensive the requirements for collecting documents, the better, so the most commonly used method is retrieval. After collecting the references related to the topic, it is necessary to read, summarize and sort out these references. How to select a representative, scientific and reliable single research document from these documents is very important. In a sense, the quality of reading and selecting documents directly affects the level of literature review. Therefore, when reading literature, you should write "reading notes", "reading experience" and "document extract card" Having one's own language to record the inspiration, experience and ideas gained in the reading process and extract the essence of the literature will not only provide useful information for writing a summary, but also help to train one's expression ability and reading level, especially organizing the literature into a document excerpt card, which is extremely beneficial for writing a summary.

Second, the format and writing of literature review

The format of literature review is different from that of general research papers. This is because research papers focus on research methods and results, especially positive results, while literature review requires readers to introduce detailed information, trends, progress, prospects and comments in the above aspects. Therefore, the format of literature review is relatively diverse, but generally speaking, it includes the following four parts: preface, theme, summary and references. When writing a literature review, you can write an outline according to these four parts, and then write according to the outline.

The preface mainly explains the purpose of writing, introduces related concepts and definitions, outlines the scope, and briefly explains the current situation or focus of debate of related topics, so that readers can have a preliminary understanding of the issues to be described in the full text ... >>

How to write an overview of architectural engineering.

The questioner didn't make it clear. See if this works.

I. Overview

1 project overview

project name

Project undertaker and person in charge

Project start and end dates

Project department in charge

Brief contents and implementation objectives of the project

1 Brief contents of the project

2 Project implementation objectives Overall objectives Economic objectives Technical quality indicators (1) Main technical performance indicators (2) Quality indicators

Stage goal

2 enterprise profile

Enterprise profile

General situation of enterprise personnel

Credit status of enterprise assets

Operating conditions, main products and their market position at home and abroad.

Second, the necessity of project development

1 background and basis of the project

2 Application of similar projects at home and abroad

3. What changes and major changes have taken place in the production, operation, quality, technology and management of the enterprise before and after the project development?

Three. This project is an independent development project, and there is no cooperative unit.

Four. Contents and objectives of the project

1 Main contents of the project

What needs to be improved or newly developed in this project?

2 project objectives and technical level

Technical feasibility of verb (abbreviation of verb) project

Comparison of alternative technical solutions

1 the best scheme of system hardware design scheme and demonstration 2. System software design scheme

Six, equipment selection and system quotation

Seven. Project implementation plan

1 project implementation schedule

2. Implement project guarantee measures

Investment budget and fund raising

1 investment budget

2. Sources of funds to raise funds.

Analysis of economic and social benefits

1 Basis of product cost analysis of the project

Cost and expense estimation

Income, profit and tax forecast

Loan principal and interest forecast

2 Profitability analysis and solvency analysis

3 social benefit analysis

How to write an overview of the project

Project overview is a brief introduction of the project, including: project name, address (location or plot), unit name (construction, supervision, construction, design, etc. ), building area, structural form, building height, plus or minus zero elevation, seismic grade, etc.