First, the topic is the most important.
The reason why I put the topic in the first place is because I suffer from the topic selection of this paper. Before writing a paper, I always had a misunderstanding that the key to writing a paper lies in words, data and running in statistical software to get remarkable results, and the topic selection is just a beginning and does not require much effort. It was this idea that made me directly shot by the teacher when I started the topic, and I became one of the few people who was rarely shot when I started the topic. Now it seems that there are two main reasons for being shot: First, being too passive. My tutor gave me the direction of my thesis. At that time, I was very happy and felt that I saved time in finding my way, but I didn't consider whether I was interested in this topic and whether I could do something about it. Second, insufficient preparation. Before starting the topic, I didn't even know what basic theories and methods to use in my thesis. I just thought that when the teacher asked me, I could get away with it by saying "I haven't thought it over yet". As a result, the teachers saw through my little abacus and never let me go. Up to now, I still remember that when Mr. Wang Peixin explicitly said "Your opening question can't pass" at the opening defense site, I still felt a cold sweat on my back. Of course, afterwards, Mr. Wang explained to me why he denied me when he opened the topic and praised what I finally made, but I was still ashamed of my performance at that time.
Yes, a good beginning is half the battle. The purpose of opening the topic is to make the author clear about the thinking and direction of writing, and then all the work should move in the predetermined direction. In addition to the direction, it is also necessary to clarify the key points and difficulties of the paper when opening the topic. Some work may be completed on the basis of previous research results, while some work may require the author to graft and integrate relevant theories and make a breakthrough in related methods. What these predecessors have not done is the innovation, which is often the focus and difficulty of the article. Clarifying the key points is not only conducive to the clear thinking and prominent focus of the paper, but also conducive to the author's writing plan and efficient writing.
Although we often talk about writing a paper, the key to writing a paper is not writing, but thinking and having good ideas. The establishment of a good idea starts with the topic selection. Choosing a topic is to choose a cutting-edge good topic that interests you, because there is not much difference between the time spent on doing a good topic and the time spent on doing a bad topic. You have to look up literature, data and analysis. The quality of the topic is completely different. In this paper, although I have made some refreshing things, the direction I chose is somewhat narrow and not very cutting-edge, so I have been lacking in confidence before my defense, and even now I still have regrets in my heart. Therefore, the topic selection is very important. You have to read a lot of references and spend a lot of time in the topic selection stage. Glad you came must be chosen this time, which will get twice the result with half the effort.
2. Theory is the foundation
I always thought the theoretical part was the easiest to write. This part does not need to summarize and sort out itself like the introduction, nor does it need to collect data for verification like the empirical part. Theories always need to be learned from others, and copying and pasting is an essential reference. This wrong idea made me take a lot of detours in my thesis writing, and I wrote a lot of theoretical parts, but my tutor was always dissatisfied: I can't take general concepts and common sense things, because it will lower the level of the thesis, and I can't take things that are too abstruse and useless in the thesis, because it has nothing to do with the following. At the same time, I must ensure the length of this part and pave the way for the following innovation. For this reason, I have been looking for a long theory. Even after the first draft of the article, there are still many imperfections in my theoretical part. Generally speaking, the theory is the support, the foundation and the first thing to be clear, but I put the cart before the horse, so every time I revise the theory, I have to revise the whole paper from beginning to end, which takes a lot of effort. Fortunately, I finally found a breakthrough point and organically combined the theory and argument of the paper. I didn't finish what I should have done at the beginning of the topic or paper until the middle and late stage of the paper. Afterwards, I often think, fortunately, what I wrote this time is only a master's thesis, which is short in length and deep in content and easy to deal with. If it is a doctoral thesis, the first two years must have been wasted.
This master's thesis made me deeply realize that the writing of the theoretical part is by no means as simple as copying and pasting, and the theoretical part plays a pillar and important role in the thesis: if the theory is wrong, all the empirical evidence will be meaningless; If the theory is shallow, the grade of the whole paper will come down. Which theory to choose, which part to focus on, and how to link theory with demonstration are directly related to the quality of the paper. The master's thesis is a systematic process, and the theory corresponds to the research content, and the research content corresponds to the research method. Theory is the first link in this chain, and it is also the basis of the whole paper.
The theoretical part must be deducted, and the innovation point must be deducted, which supports the following. The details to be used below should be skimmed, and the useless ones can be omitted, which will not affect the overall coherence and ensure the compactness, conciseness and clarity of the article.
3. Software is just a tool.
I am a science student, and all science students have a common problem-drilling. I always think that I am good at math, so I am very excited every time I do statistical problems, and I am willing to delve into the principles of some statistical software until I understand them. This spirit is valuable for learning knowledge, but it is a bit too much for writing management papers. Because the statistics course of the first graduate student is an important examination course, and I was not familiar with many things in the software at that time, I invested a lot of time and enthusiasm to study why I did this, and what kind of statistical principles this operation embodied. This kind of thinking inertia continued until the period of writing papers. My mind has been wandering. I spent time studying how the software works, but I can't change any statistical results. I became a doll with a pile of data and was confused by the data. So that in the end, every time I start to study a question, I have to force myself to ask in advance whether it is useful for the writing of the paper. If not, I will pass, because time is really limited.
This paper makes me understand that in the writing of master's thesis, mastering statistical software focuses on application, not understanding its principle. Although we spent a lot of time in this aspect during the course study, they did not decide the substantive content of the paper, but only assisted it. Especially when time and energy are limited, we should allocate time flexibly and prioritize. Software is a tool, just like an instrument in a physical experiment. Although there are errors, it does not affect the result analysis. As for why there is such an error, it is not the focus of this article.
The requirements of statistical methods for master's thesis are relatively simple, while doctoral thesis may not be so easy. The doctoral thesis has been upgraded to a higher level, and I think the requirements for statistical knowledge should also be upgraded to a higher level, so we should master it in depth in the future.
4. Communicate with teachers frequently
At this point, my own work is still insufficient. I don't often talk to my teacher, especially at the beginning of my thesis. I haven't talked to him since my teacher helped me choose the right topic. I always feel that I am immature, I don't know what to talk to my teacher, and my tutor is not very good at talking, which will cause other people's emotions (except when drinking, hehe). So every time I look for a tutor, it's because something big is coming, such as mid-term and final term. I communicated with my tutor once in the middle, but my tutor didn't give me any advice, because what I was doing was still fragmented. After I finished the first draft of this paper, I had a substantive exchange with my tutor. My first draft was completed relatively quickly, in mid-May, so my tutor had enough time to revise it for me, because we didn't reply until the end of June. My tutor revised my thesis word for word, and put forward pertinent opinions from structure to language, from theory to argument, and most of the questions raised by my tutor are key issues, which have great guiding effect on my thesis.
It is necessary to communicate with your tutor and other teachers, especially the teachers in the defense group at the beginning, middle and end of the topic. Because the paper is not like a math problem, the answer is fixed and clear, and the opinions in the paper are that different people have different opinions. Different teachers will ask questions at different levels from different angles, which is very helpful for paper writing. Because, in many cases, the author will have some blind spots and thinking inertia in paper writing, which will restrict the production of new things, and the opinions of different teachers can promote us to constantly produce new ideas and improve the paper. I will take the initiative to find a review teacher in the middle and after the completion of the topic, and ask the teacher to tell me their opinions in detail to ensure that I will not go wrong in the next writing.
It is worth noting that communicating with the teacher does not mean completely obeying the teacher. We must stick to our opinions. Teachers' opinions are mostly suggestive, and the key lies in ourselves, because we are doing the papers, not the teachers.
Verb (short for verb) others
There are still some minor problems in paper writing that need to be paid attention to, so it is not easy to sort them out in detail. Let's summarize them in other books. For example, you must read articles in periodicals for reference, because doing research is a link between the past and the future, and standing on the shoulders of giants can see far; In the process of writing a paper, name the daily paper with the date, so that you can see the progress of the paper and make yourself feel a sense of accomplishment; If maps and tables are used properly, a paper of 40,000 to 50,000 words is easy for readers to worry about, and a suitable map table can make readers see the author's thoughts and opinions clearly. Pay attention to the format, although the format does not affect the substantive content of the paper, it is the face of the paper and the embodiment of the author's work attitude. There must be no mistakes in this kind of work that can be done well with a little effort; If you have an idea, write it out in time. Don't put it off. Some ideas are fleeting, so if you have a good idea, you should write it down immediately. When you accumulate more, it may be a great innovation, and writing papers will be addictive. At first, you have to force yourself to have this addiction. After you get on the road, you have to make a decisive decision and finish it. Correctly treat PPT, PPT is not to be read on stage, but to be spoken, and the process of making PPT is also the process of combing ideas by the author; Be prepared before answering, ask yourself questions and guess what questions the teacher will ask and how to answer them. Only when you are fully prepared can you have full confidence.
The master's thesis is over, but this is only the beginning of my academic career, and my academic road is still very long. In this process, I got the first experience of scientific research, which is precious for me. Perhaps, many years later, when I read these words again, I will be ashamed of my naivety and shallowness, but I will never forget the excitement and pride when I wrote these words, because I bravely took the first step and will soon start a new journey.
extreme
With three years of study and accumulation in college, I started a new semester with gratitude to the school and previous teachers, preparing for my formal entry into senior three. This semester, I studied a graduation thesis in my life, gained a profound experience and met the most lovely and favorite teacher in the university. In such a good mood, I began to accept professional knowledge.
In this pleasant 10 class, I have a new understanding of the paper. Among the ways I understand to write a paper in the past two years, I always go directly to the Internet to find a written paper. I read it once, sorted out my ideas, and then wrote some illogical ideas and ideas combined with online articles, and passed the thesis exam again and again. However, in this semester, I systematically. I just know that the real graduation thesis is not like this. Many things that we never thought about when writing papers before were taught to us in class. In particular, the abstract of the graduation thesis left a deep impression on me, and I gained a lot in this area. In class, the teacher emphasizes the objectivity of the abstract of the paper. Itself is the overall summary of the paper, and the purpose and significance of the whole paper should be summarized in a few words. Since it is an abstract, the author is required not to have personal prejudice and subjective imagination when summarizing, but to summarize from the perspective of objective reality and the third person, so I think, I think the words such as "wait" must not appear in this abstract. This achievement has a great influence on the angle of writing abstract of my thesis.
So in such a rich learning environment, I learned a lot of skills about writing papers, except from the perspective of abstract writing.
First, how to choose the topic and direction of the paper.
If you want to have a relatively high score and outstanding paper, it is most important to formulate a topic first. The content of the paper should fully reflect the general direction in the title of the paper, so the first step in formulating the title of the paper is to determine the research direction. Generally, most of the papers we write when we graduate tend to be countermeasures and research, so the general direction of such papers is to analyze the current situation, the causes of problems and the countermeasures and suggestions to solve them. According to such a general idea, the general direction of an article has been decided, but there will always be students who think that I must be innovative and write differently. Of course, I can also choose other forms of thesis topics, and a small number of graduation theses are written on more professional papers, such as applied research, which mainly studies the application and feasibility of a certain profession or market. This type of paper is the most difficult to write. But at the same time, if the professional knowledge is strong enough, it will be easier to attract the attention of others, and it will be a good stepping stone in future employment. In addition, the research topic of scheme design is also common, which is equivalent to writing a planning scheme. For this reason, I prefer the first of these three thesis topics, which is solid and safe for graduation.
Second, how to start writing the content of the paper after determining the topic and direction.
When we determine the topic of the paper, how should we start writing? Don't panic. After the topic is determined, the next thing to do is to list our papers. Yes, let's list the contents first, and then write the paper. This is a very important skill in writing a paper. We must remember that writing a paper is different from writing a novel. I can write novels anywhere I want. As for the catalogue, it is completely determined according to what I wrote in each chapter. The thesis is an article with strict logical thinking, so you must first determine the direction you want to write before you can start writing. Therefore, you must first make a general catalogue, and determine in detail what the first content of this chapter is about, and what I want to write in the second chapter after writing the first chapter, such as the paper on countermeasure research. In the first chapter, I want to write an introduction, my research background, relevant theories and the purpose and significance of the research. The second chapter mainly analyzes the general situation and environment of my research object, the third chapter analyzes the causes of the problems studied by the research object, and the fourth chapter puts forward suggestions and countermeasures to solve the problems studied in the third chapter, so that the general direction of my thesis has been completely decided, and then I only need to consult relevant materials and fill in with my own understanding.
Third, the end of the paper is also very important.
Generally, a thank you will be added at the end of the reference. Many papers are preserved by this thank-you letter. Whether you can graduate smoothly will also add points to the article. In thanking, try to thank most people whose study life is very important and helpful to us. At the same time, our thesis supervisor will thank you. How can you not want to express your gratitude after others have finished your graduation thesis, so as to make a complete article?
I have gained a lot in this semester's course. What I learned in ten classes is more profound than what I explored in the past three years. I also happily spent the last thesis instruction class in this university. Although I can't bear to part with my college classmates, teachers and campus, I still have to face the upcoming internship. Therefore, when reviewing this lesson, in order to enable the teacher to give the next students more perfect teaching methods, I reviewed the shortcomings of this semester's course: there were very few lectures on the thesis, which made us not know how to write the thesis at first, so some students kept asking the teacher privately, which made the teacher tired after answering many times. Therefore, the next time you teach a strange student, you can put several kinds of topics in the paper in *ppt in advance, and students can take pictures with their mobile phones and pass them on to the group, so that they can understand the writing methods more clearly. At the same time, you can also convert all the examples of the paper into electronic versions and send them to students as soon as possible, so that students can have model essays in their hands as soon as possible, which will be much more convenient for them to write. Besides, our course is perfect. I hope teachers will be better and better in future teaching, so that more students can learn more knowledge.
Tisso
Thesis writing is a process of thinking and exploring at the same time, and it is inevitable to take some detours. Looking back suddenly, all aspects of thesis writing are fresh in my memory and deeply understood. Here are some experiences about thesis writing:
First, the topic should be accurate. As the saying goes, a good beginning is half the battle. The same is true of thesis writing. According to your own situation, under the guidance of your tutor, you should choose a topic that suits your own reality. For example, Zhejiang, where I live, is a region where small and medium-sized enterprises are concentrated, and many financing difficulties occur around me, especially today when the impact of the economic crisis has not been eliminated. This problem is more prominent, so I chose "talking about the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises" as the topic. Once the topic is determined, it is necessary to set goals and confidence and write it down firmly. Difficulties are inevitable in the process of writing. We should constantly seek solutions to difficulties, avoid hesitation, and must believe in ourselves. There is a scientific basis for choosing the topic, and we have the ability and confidence to write it down. This is the most important thing, and it is the driving force and support of our thesis writing.
Second, the research ideas should be clear. When the topic is selected, we will have an in-depth discussion around the paper. Thinking is the most important, and thinking determines the way out. There is always an idea when writing a paper, in chronological order, historical development order, operational action order or logical order. For example, this paper starts from the general order of analyzing things, and first describes the current situation; The reasons for this situation are analyzed. Then how should we deal with this situation? Determine the idea of the paper from the outside to the inside.
Third, the arguments should be sufficient. Thesis focuses on argumentation. The focus of the paper is to solve the "why", which may be incomplete, but we must show our views and explain the truth. Why is this view? The argument must be sufficient. In the paper, we deeply discuss why this phenomenon occurs from the two aspects of small and medium-sized enterprises themselves and external environment, so that the arguments are sufficient, our paper is enriched and the arguments are tenable.
Fourth, footnotes and references should be comprehensive. It is impossible to write a paper without quoting other people's opinions, but it should be marked with words, which is the need of research and cannot be counted as plagiarism.