The transformation of national identity of Han intellectuals in the late Qing Dynasty after the Sino-Japanese War.
-the transformation of national identity of Han intellectuals after the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 [(1August1894–1April 1895) China in Qing Dynasty and Meiji Japan]
Keywords: "anti-Manchu" thoughts of Han intellectuals, nationalism, national identity
Keywords: Han intellectuals, anti-Qing ethos, nationalism, national identity
Abstract: After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Qing Dynasty faced an unprecedented ruling crisis, especially the legitimacy crisis of the political power. At the same time, Han intellectuals also experienced the transformation of national identity, and the Han consciousness began to awaken generally, and the concept of nationalism began to strengthen. Some reformist intellectuals advocated improvement on the basis of Manchu rule to build a nation-state that "does not distinguish between Manchu and Han"; The other part went to the opposite side of the Qing Dynasty, advocating the "racial revolution" and overthrowing the Qing Dynasty completely. Under internal and external pressure, the Qing Dynasty was forced to adopt reform measures such as the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Constitutional New Deal, but it still did not reverse the situation and could not escape the fate of extinction. This paper attempts to explore the reasons and background of this change and its influence on the political structure and nation-state construction in the late Qing Dynasty.
After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Qing Dynasty faced an unprecedented crisis of sovereignty, especially the crisis of political legitimacy. At the same time, Han intellectuals also experienced the transformation of national identity, and the Han consciousness began to awaken generally, and the concept of nationalism began to strengthen. Some reformist intellectuals advocated the reform based on the Manchu Dynasty and the construction of a nation-state regardless of Manchu and Han. Others became the antithesis of the Qing Dynasty, believing that a racial revolution should be carried out to completely overthrow the Qing Dynasty. Under the pressure from home and abroad, the Qing government was forced to implement such reform measures as the Hundred Days Reform (from1June 0, 2004 to 2 1 September, 2008 1898, which lasted for 104 days) and the Constitutional Reform Movement. The New Deal [1901-191] However, these actions did not reverse Gankun, so the Qing Dynasty ended in ruin. This paper will discuss the reasons and environment of this transformation and its influence on the political structure and nation-state construction in the late Qing Dynasty.