Legal analysis: It is illegal to write papers on behalf of others. The Measures for Preventing and Handling Academic Misconduct in Colleges and Universities promulgated by the Ministry of Education on 20 16 clearly regards academic misconduct such as buying and selling papers, writing papers on behalf of others as illegal acts. Judging from the punishment stipulated by the current laws in China, the act of writing and buying and selling papers can only be dealt with through administrative regulations, and criminal law has no way to intervene.

Legal basis: Article 27 of the Measures for Preventing and Handling Academic Misconduct in Colleges and Universities. After investigation, it is confirmed that the reported person has one of the following acts in scientific research and related activities, which shall be deemed as academic misconduct:

(1) Plagiarism, plagiarism or misappropriation of academic achievements of others;

(two) tampering with other people's research results;

(3) Forging scientific research data, materials, documents and notes, or fabricating facts or misrepresenting research results;

(4) Without participating in the research or creation, signing the research results and academic papers, improperly using others' signatures without others' permission, fictional collaborators * * * have the same signature, or many people * * * jointly complete the research without indicating others' work and contribution in the results;

(five) providing false academic information in the process of reporting topics, achievements, awards and job evaluation, and applying for a degree;

(six) buying and selling papers, writing papers for others or writing papers for others;

(seven) other acts that are academic misconduct according to the rules formulated by institutions of higher learning or relevant academic organizations and relevant scientific research management institutions.