"は" and "が" are two frequently used auxiliary words in Japanese, and they are also difficult grammatical points to master. In order to better distinguish the difference between the two, let's first use some comments on these two words by Japanese linguist Mr. George Jingsan in "A Study of Japanese Expressions".
⑧: It has the function of expressing major premise and minor premise. The major premise refers to the theme of the sentence, that is, "は" has the function of indicating the theme, and the narrative part is limited to this theme. The dominant force of "theme" is until the end of the "narrative" part, which is related to the end of a sentence, sometimes crossing the full stop and related to the next sentence or the next sentence. The "は" indicating the major premise only appears once in a sentence. The minor premise means that "は" has the function of distinction and contrast. "は" may have nothing to do with the end of the sentence when expressing differences, contrasts, turning relations and continuous relations. Such as "ぁなたはたが, はなかったがぁのにか"./ "はは" indicating minor premise can appear twice or more in a sentence, such as "personal, yesterday, Kyoto, traveling, traveling". Didn't go to Kyoto yesterday. "
がが: Like がに, と, へ, から, より, it is an auxiliary means.
In order to make the difference between "は" and "が" more specific, the general usage tendency of "は "and" が "is summarized as follows:
1. Use "が" to represent people or things in a certain place. For example:
Classroom, students, students. /There are students in the classroom.
On the computer, on the computer, on the computer. /There are books on the desk.
ぁそこにがぁります. Vending machines/vending machines are available.
2. When someone or something exists in a certain place, use "は". For example:
Students, classrooms, etc. /The students are in the classroom.
Mr. Yamada, laboratory, laboratory, laboratory. /Mr. Yamada is in the research room.
そののののにぁります./The book is on the desk.
3. Use "が" when the interrogative word is the subject and when answering such sentences. For example:
どなたがですか, Mr. Yamada. Mr. Fang Shantian. /Who is Mr. Yamada? This is Mr. Yamada.
どれがあなたのかさですか。 これがわたしのかさです。 /Which umbrella is yours? This is my umbrella.
Let's leave now. Let's leave now. Do it in private /Who's going? I'll go.
4. Use "は" when interrogative words are used as predicates and when answering such sentences. For example:
Mr. Yamada: はどなたですか. Mr. Yamada's prescription. /Who is Mr. Yamada? Mr. Yamada is this.
あなたのカバンはどれですか。 わたしのカバンはこれです。 /Which is your wallet? This is my wallet.
5. Use "が" to indicate the occurrence of natural phenomena. For example:
Spring is coming. /Spring is coming.
It is raining. /It's raining.
Flowers, flowers, flowers. /The flowers are blooming.
6. Use "は" to describe eternal truth, habits, characteristics and attributes. For example:
The earth is a pill. /The earth is round.
Snow is white. /Snow is white.
The name of this cat is はねずみをぇるものです./Cats can catch mice.
7. Use "が" to express what happened in front of you. For example:
Come on, come on. /Alas, here comes the bus.
でんでぃます. Zigong たちが Park/children are playing in the park.
The cat's name is がねずみをぇてぃます./The cat is catching a mouse.
8. When expressing differences and comparisons, use "は". For example:
Today, はひまですがぁしたはちょっとがぃ. I have time today.
ぉはみますが, たばこはぃません./Drink but don't smoke.
Japan はできますがフランスはできません./I can speak Japanese.
9. When the subject is inconsistent with the subject in the clause, the subject in the clause is generally "が". "For example:
ぁなたがけばわたしもきます./If you go, I will go, too. ..
わたしがにくとき, mother はきました. My mother cried when I got married.
Yamada, come, visit, cross. If Mr. Yamada comes, please give him this.
10, when the subject and clause are the same subject, use "は". For example:
わたしはにくときつもを./When I go swimming, I always take my brother with me.
ぃつもめがねをかけましはをフむとき Mr Kimura/Mu
1 1. When expressing the subject in a non-comparative clause, use "が". For example:
Hello, がくれたはこれです/This is a book my friend gave me.
People above should come here. /Here comes a tall man.
12. Use "は" when expressing the theme of judgmental and restrictive sentences. For example:
Whales are mammals. /Whales are mammals.
Yamada is a four-year-old student at the University of Tokyo. /Yamada is a senior at the University of Tokyo.
とぃぅのはのことです Japan Broadcasting Association. /The so-called NHK is the Japan Broadcasting Association.
13. Use "が" to indicate the comparison result. For example:
In winter, Tokyo and Beijing are very cold. /Beijing is colder than Tokyo in winter.
Haruko has a high back. Straight is taller than Xia Zi.
14. Use "が" to express the target language without contrast and difference. For example:
I. Possible targets:
Tanaka's English scores. /Tanaka knows English.
わたしはのずができる./I can drive.
Li Japanese Chinese characters English/primary reading Japanese and Chinese characters.
B, the object of desire:
わたしはコーヒーがみたぃ./I want to drink coffee.
わたしはりんごがきです./I like apples.
わたしはのがほしです./I want history books.
C, the object of feeling:
いいにおいがする。 /Smell a good smell.
わたしはめまいがする。 /I feel dizzy
Let's leave now. /I don't feel well
15. Use "は" when expressing the main subject (topic) in the subject-predicate sentence, and "が" when expressing the language of the small subject or object at this time. For example:
There are many mountains in Japan. /Yamato, Japan.
Like a long nose. /Elephants have long noses.
わたしはがです./I am good at singing.
Yamada, don't worry, don't worry. /Yamada is very clever.