Chopin's nocturne has two noble and elegant melodies, as well as changing harmonious colors, full of emotions and rich thoughts. At the same time, accompanied by a quiet dreamlike atmosphere, it has become the most outstanding music art form in The Romantic Period. Nocturnal music in C sharp minor (OP.27NO. 1) has delicate and elegant musical language and rich harmonic colors. The music structure and tonal layout are perfect. From the initial lyrical theme, it has developed into a tragic and heroic image of grief and indignation. The contrast, dynamics and drama of music development is one of the representatives of Chopin's nocturnes, which shows the unique charm of Chopin's nocturnes.
Key words: Chopin; Nocturne in C sharp minor: form and analysis
Norturne evolved from Latin Nox. It is a musical form with beautiful melody, delicate feelings and great artistic appeal. Traditionally, this genre is mainly used to express the tranquility in the middle of the night, and the melody is usually as quiet and gentle as a dream, which is a unique genre of romantic music. Its establishment can be traced back to the bard in medieval Europe, and its name is taken from the "night prayer" of the Catholic Church. The serenade's unique quiet temperament and meditative character occupy an extremely important position in the composer's music creation. Nocturne is a small instrumental suite popular in European aristocratic salons in18th century. Later, in the early19th century, john field (0,782-1837), an Irish composer and pianist, was influenced by the sentimental literary trend in the European bourgeois enlightenment movement in the18th century, and composed a lyric piano piece expressing quiet night meditation. This genre is called "Nocturnal".
Although field made great contributions to the creation of the genre of nocturne. However, most of Field's works are salon sketches, and their connotations are not profound enough. /kloc-After the 9th century, the genre of nocturne developed to a certain extent. Later, Chopin's nocturne greatly improved the artistic value, not only expanded the scale of music, but also endowed it with profound ideological connotation, rich artistic conception and colorful texture. It can be said that Chopin promoted this genre to the extreme, making it truly one of the unique romantic piano genres.
Frederick and Chopin (1810-18491) are great European pianists and composers in the19th century. Known as the "piano poet". He is one of the creators of typical romantic music language and one of the most original and outstanding musicians in the history of music. His music is elegant, delicate and unique. With typical originality. Among all his piano works, Chopin's "poetic temperament" is his nocturne. With his unique understanding, he developed the genre of the romantic lyric sketch-Nocturne, which was first created by Irish composer john field, to a peak period and became a typical representative of the romantic piano genre.
Chopin composed twenty-one nocturnes in his life. According to the different musical styles, these 21 nocturnes can be roughly divided into four categories: Polish nationality, French salon, spiritual self-portrayal of inner feelings and pastoral lyric sketches. Three. This work, Nocturne in C minor (OP.27NO. 1), was written during Chopin's life in Paris. Whenever he thinks that the people of the motherland are still under the iron hoof of Russia, mental trauma will gather like a dark cloud. It is in this state of mind that he wrote this famous chapter with lyrical, dramatic and tragic narrative plots. It belongs to a genre that combines Polish nationality with the spirit of self-describing inner feelings, so it occupies a unique position. Here, the author analyzes Chopin's nocturne from two aspects: music structure and creative characteristics.
This song is a compact and complex trilogy, the first part is a single trilogy, and the sad and melancholy mood runs through it. Delicate and light decorative sounds are added to the melody from time to time, adding charming fantasy colors. The music in the middle part shows a lively and energetic image, which is in sharp contrast with the first two paragraphs. "Nocturne in C minor" has changed from the first theme of lyricism to the tragic and heroic image of grief and indignation. The development of music is powerful, dynamic and dramatic. It is the torrent of the times, the tragedy of the nation and the conflict of life that makes Chopin's works gain such great momentum. But this grandeur does not hinder Chopin's exquisite music, strong drama and beautiful lyricism, which are the unity of opposites in his works.
The first part (128) is a trilogy in C minor. The theme contrast is not big, and the tonic runs through the six-tone accompaniment sound pattern of the bass part, which sets off a quiet and sad emotional tone. Just like the alertness of the nightingale, lovers talk to each other and whisper to each other on a bright moonlight night. In the first part, Chopin chose the speed of Adagio to express the blending of emotion and scenery, because it is very beneficial to express the stretched and long melody lines and can fully express the gyration and ups and downs of music language. People can't help but have an artistic effect of lingering.
Section A (3 10): 4+4 square structure, consisting of two parallel phrases. The pre-phrase is stated in the alternation of the main melody and its subordinate melody (#f minor). A brief change in tone is like a cool breeze in a clear night sky. The latter phrase is a coordinate phrase with an open structure. After that, there is a bar connection, which leads to channel B. "From the beginning, music brought people into the dark night. Broken chords, with a weak and broad deep voice, show us such a picture: on a mysterious and quiet night, the sentimental poet is thinking about something alone, and everything is quietly heard only his breathing heartbeat, and then a slightly hesitant theme appears. This is a morbid and hesitant voice. It climbed E from the beginning, and this short chord flashed like a meteor, and the night returned to its original darkness. It is like telling and crying until the paragraph 10 seems to disappear completely in the darkness. "
B (11-18) 4+4 square structure, which consists of two parallel phrases. In the main theme, the harmony layout is relatively stable, and almost every bar is carried out in the alternation of the main chord and the subordinate chord. Gathered in the main chord and ended successfully.
A-segment reproduction (19-28): Compared with A-segment, the reproduction segment has more contrast alto and fuller harmony. The last two paragraphs are connected sentences.
Intermediate part (29-83): A synthetic intermediate part consisting of three parts: C, D and E (the so-called synthetic intermediate part is a complex trilogy, and the intermediate part consists of two or more parts, which is a new theme. Or the development of the first part, each part is relatively independent and maintains a comparative relationship. ), the comparison between paragraph C and the first part is not the comparison of mode and tonality, but the comparison of beat, texture and strength. The D and E sections are changed to the major of the sixth and fifth grades, which makes the music suddenly clear. The three channels are all non-square structures, which are compared with each other, while in the second and third channels, We have seen a strong dramatic development in the image of the whole song. The serenade in C minor has a special position in Chopin's music because it is full of strength and drama.
Section C (29-48): 8+8+4 non-square structure, and the music is presented with new material in C minor. There are great changes in speed, beat and texture. In the beat of four or three beats, the melody with a little sense of rhythm is strengthened in the first beat, the accompaniment sound pattern of triplet, and the continuous level of bass moves up and down, which makes the mood of music change from calm and sadness to excitement, which is in sharp contrast with the first part. The first phrase starts with weak dynamics (P). Melody is octave superimposed dominant and tonic, which can be divided into four+four sections. In harmony, the two festivals reflect the progress of belonging to the Lord, which is composed of majestic and melodious chords like hymns, and the octave is like a torrent of sudden diseases. Solemn and grand. Magnificent, magnificent. The second phrase is the high octave repetition of the first phrase in intensity (f). The octave of the right hand has also changed from the previous meditation to the octave horn and the rhythm of the March style has pushed to the climax from weak to strong. This is the first climax of music, which strengthens the turbulent mood of the new theme and gathers in the main chord.
Section D (49 66): A flat major. Stay away from the main color, and strengthen the contrast of tone and color. The intensity continues to increase to fff. This is the horn of Wan. The structure consists of four phrases: 4+4+4+6. The four phrases belong to the coordinate relationship, and the last three phrases are the pattern of the first phrase. Modal tonality also changed with the continuous dead series, and finally converged on the main chord in bG major. Among them, in the music of 13 bar, Chopin always takes the tonic "A-flat" as the basic sound, but what floats on it is the continuous second-degree module series and the auxiliary sound in the middle of the bar, which produces rich and unusual sound effects.
Section E (67-83): 4+4+9 non-square section, parallel structure. State new material in bG major, change the harmony texture and adopt column chords. Make the color brighter and the sound fuller. These three phrases are developed in a modular progressive mode. The bass part of the first phrase continues in the tonic and ends in the tonic. The second phrase ends before the second module series in F major. The third phrase developed into a connecting sentence, which was expanded by five bars after modular progression, and the music continued to descend, gradually calming the excited mood and preparing for reproduction.
The copy department (84-93) shrinks the copy, and the theme is largely concentrated, with only 10 section.
The conclusion (94- 10 1) uses new melody materials directly in the conclusion, changes the tonic from C minor to C major, and finally ends in C major. Chopin is good at using this unique technique of ending minor music with major, and strengthening the emotional color of music through the transformation of acoustic effects and functions. At the end of the nocturne in B flat minor, Chopin also used the same creative technique.
Every nocturne of Chopin is a lyric poem, which is perhaps the most important reason why Chopin is known as a "piano poet". However, Chopin's serenade is not only lyrical, but also often accompanied by dramatic conflicts. Schumann once called Chopin's music "a cannon hidden among flowers", which can be seen from "Nocturne in C minor".
References:
[1] An analysis of the poet's dream by Pan and Chopin's nocturne Op.27-2 in D major [J], Beijing: Music Creation 2007(2), 86.
[2] Kong, Interpretation of Chopin's Nocturne, Chengdu: Sichuan Drama 2008, (4): 1 16.
[3] Qian, Analysis of Music Works (I) [M], Shanghai: Shanghai Conservatory of Music Press. 2006,(5)。