Wang Dongting (1)

Liu Yuxi in the Middle Tang Dynasty

The lake and the moon set each other off (2), and there is no wind mirror on the pool surface (3).

Looking at the green landscape of Dongting (4), there is a green snail (5) in the silver plate.

To annotate ...

(1) Dongting: the name of the lake, in the northern part of Hunan Province today.

(2) Lake light: the wave light of the lake. Two: the lake and the autumn moon. And (hé): harmony. Water and moonlight reflect each other.

(3) Pool surface: refers to the lake surface. Mirrors are not polished: ancient mirrors were made of copper. Here, it is said that the lake is as calm as a mirror; It is said that the scenery in the lake is blurred from a distance, just like a mirror is blurred without polishing.

(4) Green landscape: one is "green mountain color" and the other is "landscape color". Mountain: refers to Junshan Mountain in Dongting Lake.

⑤ Silver plate: describes the calm and clear Dongting Lake. Silver: a "white cloud". Green snail: it is used here to describe the military mountain in Dongting Lake.

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On Dongting Lake, moonlight and water blend together, and the lake is as calm as an unpolished bronze mirror.

Looking at Dongting Lake from a distance, the landscape is as green as ink, like a green snail in a silver plate.

Creation background

Liu Yuxi exiled to the south and made many trips to Dongting Lake. Comparing Junshan to a silver plate of green snails is ingenious, similar to Tao Yong Tijunshan, a snail's indigo mirror center. Huang Tingjian climbed Yueyang Tower in the rain to see Junshan, and saw Qingshan in the shady mountains.

In 20 years, Liu Yuxi was exiled to the south and went to Dongting. According to the literature, there are about six times. Among them, only the state is transferred, this time, in autumn. And this poem is a vivid record of this trip. Liu Yuxi said in the preface to Liyang Seventy Rhymes: "In August of the fourth year of Changqing, the secretariat of Kuizhou was changed to Liyang (Hezhou), floating on the Minjiang River, watching Dongting, crossing the gorge and heading east to Xunyang." In the fourth year of Changqing, that is, in 824 AD. This poem is regarded as a year.

Distinguish and appreciate

Fan Zhongyan, a writer in the Song Dynasty, said with emotion in Yueyang Tower: "The victory of Guanfu Baling lies in Dongting Lake. Take a distant mountain, swallow the Yangtze River, and make a vast soup, boundless; It's sunny in the morning and cloudy at night. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower. What the predecessors said was prepared. " It can be seen that there have always been many poems describing the scenery of Dongting, and it is difficult to write unique and unique. Liu Yuxi's "Looking at Dongting" chose the perspective of moonlit night, taking a panoramic view of Dongting, grasping the most representative lakes and mountains, gently writing, and creatively reappearing the beautiful scenery of Dongting on paper through rich imagination and clever metaphors, showing amazing artistic skills.

Dongting Lake is crystal clear under the bright moon in autumn. It is an ethereal, ethereal, quiet and harmonious realm, just like Qiongtian met. This is the poetry contained in the sentence "the lake and the moon are in harmony". The word "harmony" has been refined, showing a harmonious picture of water and sky, jade and dust-free, and it seems to convey to readers the rhythm of a water town night-the rhythm of moonlight and lake water. Next, the lake is described as calm and misty, like an unpolished bronze mirror. The word "the mirror is not polished" vividly and aptly shows the peaceful and gentle scene of a thousand miles of caves, and there is a hazy beauty in the moonlight. "There is no wind on the surface of the pool, and the mirror is not polished" complements the poem "moonlight on the lake" with vivid metaphors. Because only "there is no wind on the pool surface", the water waves are calm, and the lake and the moon can be coordinated. Otherwise, the lake is noisy and the waves are empty, and the lake light and autumn moon are not interesting, so there will be no "two-phase harmony".

The poet's sight focused on Junshan from the vast Pinghu. In Yin Hui under the bright moon, Dongting Mountain is greener, Dongting water is clearer and the mountains and rivers are integrated. It looks like a small green snail in a carved silver plate, which is very attractive. Three or four poems are rich in imagination, appropriate in metaphor and elegant in style. Silver plates and green snails complement each other. The autumn moon Dongting landscape described by the poet has become a fine treasure of arts and crafts, giving people great artistic enjoyment. "Green snail in a silver plate" is really an incredible punch line. But its superiority is not only manifested in the cleverness of the police, but also in its magnanimity and its lofty and wonderful feelings. In the poet's eyes, a thousand miles of Dongting is just a mirror and a cup and plate on the case. It is very rare to lift weights lightly, the pool is natural and unpretentious. It is a reflection of the author's personality, sentiment and aesthetic taste to express the relationship between man and nature so cordially and to describe the lakes and mountains so broadly and clearly. It is difficult to write without thinking about octupole and being satisfied with the spirit of mustard seed, and without the embrace of nirvana. It is rare to see the poet's romantic whimsy in a landscape poem.

Brief introduction of the author

Liu Yuxi (772 ~ 842) was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. The word Meng De is from Luoyang (now Henan) and Zhongshan (now Dingxian, Hebei). Zhenyuan (785-805 AD in Tang Dezong) was a scholar, and he studied "Learn from the Past and Learn from the Present". Give supervision and advice. He once participated in the Wang clique and opposed the separatist forces of eunuchs and buffer regions, and was demoted to Sima Langzhou, and later moved to Lianzhou as a secretariat. Later, he was recommended by Pei Du as a guest of honor for the Prince and was added to the history of the school department. The world is called Liu Binke. His poems are popular and fresh, and he makes good use of metaphors to entrust political content. Poems such as Zhuzhi Ci, Liuzhi Ci, and Flower Arrangement Tian Ge are rich in folk songs and unique in Tang poetry. There is Selected Works of Liu Mengde.

Liu Yuxi has been eager to learn since childhood. Besides studying classics, he also dabbled extensively in calligraphy, astronomy and medicine. Among his literary creations, poetry is the most famous. Bai Juyi said that his "the beauty of writing is not in front of poetry." He occupies an important position in the ancient prose movement. At that time, the literary world was dominated by Li Ao and Han Yu and regarded as a generation. Liu said that he was "good at theory", and his paper was clear and well-argued. Prose is concise and clear.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia

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