Static load test of pile foundation is a technology to detect the bearing capacity of pile foundation in engineering. When determining the ultimate bearing capacity of a single pile, it is the most accurate and reliable detection method at present, and judging whether a dynamic load detection method is mature is based on the relative error of static load test results. Therefore, all kinds of foundation design and treatment codes put the static load test of single pile in the first place.
With the increase of high-rise buildings and bridge engineering construction, concrete cast-in-place piles with large bearing capacity have been widely used, and the fact that the bearing capacity test cannot be completed accurately due to the difficulty of test means has attracted more and more attention. In recent years, the research on the theory and method of large bearing capacity test of pile foundation at home and abroad has just started. The self-balancing test method of pile bearing capacity began to be studied in the United States as early as the mid-1980s, and the theoretical research and field practice of this method have also been carried out in China in recent years. School of Civil Engineering of Southeast University applied this method to field practice in 1996, and achieved good social and economic benefits. The self-balancing test method of pile bearing capacity is to install a load box near the pile end, which consists of piston, top cover, bottom cover and box cover. The displacement measuring devices are arranged on the upper and lower caps, and then the load is applied in the vertical direction, so that the pile end resistance, pile side friction and the displacement values of the upper and lower caps can be measured at the same time, and the test result data and curves can be obtained. This method has the following characteristics:
1. The test device is simple.
2. The terminal resistance and side resistance can be directly measured.
3. After treatment, the test pile can still be used as an engineering pile.
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