Su Xun, Su Shi and Su Zhe were famous writers in the Song Dynasty, and they were called "Three Sus" in history. They have made great achievements in the fields of prose, poetry and other creations, accounting for three seats among the "eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties".
"father and son three-character guest"
Lao Xun (1009— 1066) was born in Meishan, Sichuan (now Leshan). He didn't start studying until he was twenty-seven years old. After studying hard behind closed doors for more than ten years, my literary talent has improved greatly. In the first year of Jiayou (1056), he led Su Shi and Su Zhe to Bianjing, which was appreciated by Ouyang Xiu, a bachelor of Hanlin, and their articles soon became famous in Beijing. Su Xun's political essays, such as "Teaching", "Balance of Power" and "Several Strategies", judge the situation and put forward a set of ideas for political innovation, with clear arguments, strong arguments and sharp language. Ouyang Xiu said that he was "eloquent and magnificent", comparable to Jia Yi and Liu Xiang.
Su Shi (1037—111) was one of the most famous writers and artists in the Song Dynasty, with many literary talents and excellent poems, words, essays, paintings and books. Because of his unique genius and extensive contact with the real society, his literary and artistic achievements are extremely high and he has great artistic originality. There are more than 2,700 of his poems, which have a wide range of subjects and are full of life, especially poems about scenery and reason. Famous sentences such as "The Prophet of Warm Duck on the Spring River" ("Night Scene on the Spring River in Hui Chong") and "Try to Compare West Lake with West Lake" are particularly popular. His words are vigorous and powerful, and a song "River of No Return" ("Red Cliff Nostalgia") has become an eternal swan song. Before and after his prose, there are Red Cliff Fu, Xi Yu Ting Ji, Transcendental Terrace Ji and so on. Smart and elegant, poetic, in harmony with lofty principles and tastes, it has a high artistic appeal. His calligraphy and painting have also reached a high level, and he is good at painting bamboo and stone. His calligraphy is full of strength, such as cotton and iron, and he is good at running script and regular script. He, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang are also called "Song Sijia".
Xiao Su Su Zhe (1039—112) went to Beijing with Su Shi and was a scholar. He is an official of Daming Prefecture and Henan Province. 1079, due to Su Shi's literary inquisition, he wrote to ask him to take office as his elder brother, which was not allowed, and even more derogatory. 1085, when the old party came to power, it was recalled as a secretary, a bookkeeper of provincial studies, a right secretary, a calligrapher in China, and an official minister. He used to be the ambassador to Khitan, and after returning to China, he served as an imperial adviser and official, in charge of state affairs. 1093, the philosopher ruled the country, and the new school gained momentum. He was successively demoted to Ruzhou, Yuanzhou and Huazhou, and finally to Leizhou and Zhou Xun. 1 104 lived in seclusion in Yingzhou, built a room named "Ilo Zhai", renamed himself "Ying Lao", and died of reading, writing and meditation. He admired Mencius, visited hundreds of schools, and was good at political theory and historical theory. His "The New Theory of the Emperor" points out that "we should not be in a hurry to lose money", and his "The Theory of Six Kingdoms" and "The Theory of Three Kingdoms" are also indifferent to Wang Yang. His gift is also excellent. On Su Shi, they sang a lot. Su San's remains are revered and protected by the villagers. Susan Temple is their former residence.
"It's still a famous mountain in the wind and rain."
"Official traces are hard to find, only relying on three outstanding figures, no front and no back, articles are well known, and rivers and mountains are boundless; Tianxin is his, he can't lift it clearly and can't sink. Father and son are still famous mountains. " This is a couplet in the hall of Susan Temple. Susan Temple is located in the southwest corner of meishan county. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, it was changed into a shrine dedicated to the statue of Su San, and its hometown stone workshop was established, which was later destroyed by fire. It was rebuilt in the fourth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1665), and 1928 was changed to Susan Park. In the past 50 years, it has been repaired many times, covering an area of more than 50 thousand square meters. Today, the main buildings are the Great Hall of the People, Qixian Pavilion, Ruilian Pavilion, Yuyun Building, Bao Yue Pavilion and Monument Pavilion.
There is a couplet at the main entrance: "father and son three-character guest; Eight people through the ages. " The garden is surrounded by red walls, towering old trees and bamboo. At this point, tourists can not only enjoy the scenery of the southern atmosphere, but also hear many beautiful stories about the scenery in the Three Sows and the Garden.
Three-Soviet father-son diagram
According to legend, "Ruilian Pavilion" was named by Su Xun. One day, when Su Xun was studying in Laifengxuan, he suddenly saw rouge and Dilian in the pool outside the window. Thinking it was a good omen, he took his second son to Beijing to catch the exam. As a result, Su Shi and Su Zhe both succeeded. Ouyang Xiu especially praised Su Shi: "This man is good at reading and using books, and his articles will be unique in the world in the future." Su Xun was overjoyed and named this pool "Ruilian Pool". Every time later generations see the lotus in the pool, they think that Meizhou will be expensive, which is a sign, so they build a pavilion next to the pool and name it "Ruilian Pavilion".
Su Shi studied hard when he was young, and the pool turned black because he often washed pens and inkstones. Yu Ri in the pond turned black for a long time, and people called him "Dongpo Fish".
Not far from Ruilian Pavilion, there is a boat pavilion in the middle of the lake called "old woman with grey hair Pavilion". At that time, the Su Shi brothers had deep feelings. In the sixth year of Yuan You (109 1), Su Shi was appointed as the prefect of Yingzhou and went boating with friends for one night. He recalled watching the moon and playing in the water with his brother when he was a child. The ripples in the water overlapped and he casually sang, "Suddenly, I had to frown; Scatter hundreds of Dongpo, and return it instantly. According to his poems, later generations built pavilions here to commemorate it.
There are dozens of ancient monuments in the Monument Pavilion, including Ma Quan Monument, Nanmu Monument and Liuzhou Monument inscribed by Su Shi, and the inscriptions or rubbings of Fengle Pavilion, Zuiweng Pavilion, Biao Guan Zhong Monument and Luochi Temple Monument, which are known as the "four famous monuments", are precious calligraphy treasures. The ancients praised Su Dongpo's elegance and detachment with "thousands of books in the chest and dust-free in the pen". When Su Shi was in exile in Hainan Island, he used to borrow farmers' hats and clogs because he was caught in the rain. People laughed and barked, and he didn't care. This anecdote was painted in the Yi Li map of Dongpo of Susan Temple.
Historically, Su San and his son were descendants of Su Weidao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Su Wei Dao was once the prime minister of Wu Zetian, and was later demoted to the secretariat of Meizhou, Tang Zhongzong, where later generations settled. Su Shi has deep feelings for his hometown. When he lived in Jiangnan in his later years, he wrote "Planting Lizi to Return" and told his homesickness: "My old friend sent me to the east, planting Lizi in his hand and waiting for me to return; Lizi has turned pale and is still a guest from the south of the Yangtze River. "
Temptation Tian Zhao Yan Wen Ji
Su San Temple Cultural Management Office treasures the Duan inkstone used by Su Dongpo in his later years. Length 19 cm, width 13 cm, thickness 4.5 cm and weight 2.5 kg. The stone is fine, the color is grayish brown and the pattern is simple. The back is engraved with an inscription by Qiongzhou Jiang Junbi.
Su Dongpo was demoted in his later years and exiled to Danzhou (now Danxian), Hainan Island. Many people come here to study. During his three years in Hainan, he wrote many excellent poems with this inkstone and trained many talents, among which Jiang Junbi of Qiongzhou was the most valued. On his way back to Qiongzhou (today's Haikou), Dongpo specially presented this inkstone to Junbi, and wrote a poem "A drop in the ocean, the first harvest of a white robe", encouraging Junbi to say, "If you want to become a disciple another day, write this article." Unexpectedly, in the autumn and July of the following year, Dongpo went to Changzhou and died suddenly. In order to remember Mr. Jun Bi's teachings, he carved "Fu Yuan for three years, Dongpo moved Lianzhou to Qionglai, and Duan Xi inkstone gave me the rest as a farewell. I have more than I can get, and I love it; Over time, Mr. Myanmar's remarks could not keep up. Because of ambition, in order to show that you will not forget. " Jiang Junbi lived up to Dongpo's expectations and became a "township tribute" the following year. When he was studying for the exam in Beijing, Su Zhe continued to write unfinished poems for him, saying that "thousands of people will believe Dongpo's long eyes when they look at brocade."
Dongpo loved inkstones all his life, and when he was young, he dug and played with those children. He once won a colored stone and polished it into an inkstone. Father Su Xun was surprised and told him, "This inkstone is also an auspicious sign, so you should make good use of it.". Dongpo cherished this inkstone very much, and once wrote "Shi Tian inkstone Postscript" for it. Dongpo also makes good use of inkstone and Tibetan inkstone, but it is extremely rare to spread so far. The inkstone hidden in the Cultural Management Institute is a family heirloom of a landlord in Zizhong County. The ancestral motto is "Better destroy the countryside than give up the precious inkstone". Later, he sued for another landlord for many years. During the land reform, this inkstone was distributed as movable property and donated by the people in recent years.
"boat people show frog's outlook on life"
"Meizhou's east wall is beautiful, and the boat people point out the frog view." (Hong Qing Ding Cheng's "Watching in the Night Rain") The frog view is on the top of the frog mountain, 4 kilometers east of Meishan. The mountain is high 1000 meters, close to the cliff and overlooking the Minjiang River. According to legend, it is an alchemist of Xuanyuan the Great. This view was founded in the Tang Dynasty, and its name is more important than that of the Song Dynasty. Although small in scale, it has a high position in the history of Taoism.
According to legend, during the Liu and Song Dynasties, Lu, a Taoist priest in Lushan Mountain, used this view to sort out the three-hole scriptures in the "Xianweng Cave" and compiled a fast model, finally completing the Taoist style. Therefore, Ran Yiguan is known as the "Holy Land of Taoism in Sichuan". Xianweng Cave is located under the cliff at the right front of Sanqing Hall. "Laozhi" contains: "There is a dragon cave in Linjiang, and the water keeps coming out after years; When every mountain rises, smoke and rain stand from afar; Pray for drought. " There is an old man's spring in the cave. According to legend, Lu lived here and often drank this spring to become immortal. Later generations built a shrine on the cave to offer sacrifices. Because of their heavy eyes, they are called "four-eyed old people", so the shrine offers a statue of the four-eyed old man.
Frog Yi's view of fame and fortune is more important than that of Song Dynasty, which has a lot to do with Meishan, his uncle and especially Su Xun. Su Xun once wrote an inscription for the old man's spring, saying that it was overflowing. "If you think of a well, you can drink ten thousand people.". The spring inscription of the old man is handed down from generation to generation. Zhang Yuanxiao, a Taoist priest in Meishan in Tang Dynasty, once worshipped Lu as a teacher and was trained in Xianweng Cave. He was good at "shooting bullets" and treating diseases for the people. People call for immortals, and Zhang Xianlou is built on the edge of the old man's spring. Incense is constant, and it is said that it is "responsive". When Su Xun was childless, he worshipped Zhang Xian as his son. In the following years, he successively got Su Shi and Su Zhe. In order to feel its virtue, Su Xun wrote Zhang Xian's tablet: "Young and bold, I tasted it in Gengwu, and the Jade Bureau didn't hinder me from looking at the portrait in the branch office. The brush strokes were strange and vague. "It was Zhang Xian, and I answered my prayers." It is easy to solve Yuhuan. Xun has no children, and every Dan is fragrant. After several years of arrest, you will get a poem, and once again, you will get a trick. "After Su Xun's death, Su Shi's brother will be buried in the old man's spring. The two men obeyed their father's orders, and Su Shi personally wrote "The Old Man's Spring" at the top of the spring. The famous poet Mei also wrote a poem: "There are old people by the spring, but they can't be seen hiding;" Perilla lived in the meantime, and the drinking water was not exhausted. If there are fish in spring, walk with your son; I don't know how old I am, but I still have a little phoenix at home. In the Tang Dynasty, a "* * * drinking pavilion" was built under the cliff of Jiangxin Peninsula. In the Song Dynasty, it was expanded into Jiangxiangge. Later, Wangjiang Tower and Mingxia Pavilion were built, which were connected with Ranyiguan Mountain Gate, which was spectacular. There are only old people's springs, Chunyangtang and Shanmen.
"Traveling with wine"
"Life is not willing to seal, also don't want to know Han Jingzhou; I hope that as a Han Jiashou, I will travel with wine. " This is a poem sung by Su Shi about Lingyun Temple in Leshan. Lingyun Temple is located in Qixia Peak of Lingyun Mountain, adjacent to the Giant Buddha. It is named after the nine-story pavilion and the poem Lingyun inscribed on it by the Buddhist master Haitong when he was repairing the Buddha. Also known as the Big Buddha Temple, it was built in the early Tang Dynasty and then abandoned.
This temple was built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, including the Heavenly King Hall, the Ursa Major Hall, the Tibetan Scripture Building, the Dongpo Memorial Hall, the Mo Chi and the Jingxiu Pavilion. Lingyun Mountain, where the temple is located, is 448 meters above sea level and 3.5 kilometers in circumference. Because of Jiu Feng, also known as Jiufeng Mountain and Jiuding Mountain, it was called Tsing Yi Mountain and Jiuyi Mountain in ancient times. Looking at the three mountains and the two waters from afar, the mountains are stacked and the scenery is natural. It has the reputation of "the view of the world's mountains and rivers is in Shu, the victory of Shu is called the history, and the victory of Zhou is called Lingyun Temple". Su Shi visited here many times when he was young. He deeply missed and loved the beautiful scenery of Lingyun, and sang the first well-known poem in front of him. In the Southern Song Dynasty, according to their poems, officials and people in Jiazhou built a "wine pavilion" in front of Lingyun Temple. During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, the year number Guo inscribed on the rock wall near Tingzi the eight characters "The place where Su Dongpo swam with wine", which is still clearly recognizable. The pavilion built in the Southern Song Dynasty has been destroyed. Today, this pavilion was rebuilt after liberation. It is located on one side of the hiking trail, with a cliff facing the water and steep terrain. So far, it has a panoramic view of its infinite beauty and is very powerful.
The word "carrying wine" is a classic sentence of Xiong Chuanzhong's "there are good people who come back from studying abroad with wine and vegetables". Although Su Shi's dream of "traveling with wine" failed to come true, the wine pavilion and his poems attracted countless literati. Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty said, "A hundred pots of wine shops are lingyun. When you are drunk, wave your sleeves and say goodbye to your old friends." : Fan Chengda has a poem "Talking about Dongpo drinking and welcoming me to the peak"; In the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen had "drinking and sitting as a guest, leaving clothes to associate with wild monks"; There is a saying in Wei Han that "one person will keep Jiayang, and take a wine shop several times"; In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shizhen once wrote poems such as "Ling Yun goes straight for a wine tour, and Han Jia meets the west" and "Dongpo misses Shu when he is old, not the world". During the light years of the Qing Dynasty, Sichuan scholar He Kao Leshan wrote a couplet in Leshan: "How many scholars have there been in thousands of years?" I have traveled all over Shu, I believe I am beautiful, and I will come back by boat with wine! "There is also a couplet in Lingyun Temple, which is quite funny:" Laugh at the past, laugh at the present, laugh at the east, laugh at the west, laugh at the north, and laugh at your ignorance; "Look at things, look at the sky, look at the sun, look at the moon, and look at others from a height." This is a vivid portrayal of Maitreya's belly smile.
"Call the fish to pay tribute to the past treasures."
Zhongyan, known as "the beauty of the rock valley is no less than Emei" and "the best of Xichuan Linquan", is located on the east bank of Minjiang River, 9 kilometers southeast of Qingshen County. It is divided into upper, middle and lower rocks, but collectively referred to as Zhongyan, and the highest point is Cimu Rock. According to legend, this rock is the Dojo of Araunavi, the founder of the mountain. You can get a close look at Bijiang River and overlook Emei, with excellent scenery. Walking half a mile up the mountain along the stream next to Si Xia, there is a "fish pond". People in Chi Pan waved and applauded, and the fish in the pond swam one after another. The pond stands on the left side of the cliff, engraved with three characters of Su Dongpo, a writer of the Song Dynasty, calling for a fish pond.
According to legend, this pool is also Su Dongpo's "matchmaker". In the first year of Renzong to Hehe in the Northern Song Dynasty (1054), Wang Fang of Qingshen County built an academy by the stream, and was deeply disappointed by the wonders in the pool, so she gave a banquet to recruit talents from all directions and named them. When people talk about "hiding fish", "luring fish" and "jumping fish", they don't care At this time, Su Dongpo, a graceful and restrained scholar, said: "The fish in the pond, the host and guest are very happy, and they can come and go. Can you call it a fish pond? " Everyone says it's wonderful. Wang Fang was overjoyed and liked his talent, so she betrothed her daughter Wang Fu to him. Call the fish pond famous from now on. Song and Huang Tingjian once wrote on this topic: "It's not surprising to ask the fish pond to throw the leftover rice in, and hundreds of fish come out." Lu You also wrote, "What is the dream of a leisurely spring pillow? Two Joan bamboos are called a fish pond. " . None of them exist today. The well-preserved inscription is a poem by Cai Cong in Qing Dynasty: "Calling a fish to reward a woman's husband in the past, although there are different interests at present; Waving when I went to the pool, I didn't share the romance with him. "