Model essay on urban planning-on urban planning
Abstract: In today's world, cities are the concentrated expression of modern civilization, and the development of cities plays a vital role in promoting the economic and social development of a region. A city is like a huge magnet, attracting the concentration of various factors of production. Under the catalysis of agglomeration effect and scale effect, various economies have developed rapidly, which has promoted the rapid development of urban economy. It can be seen that urban planning is of great help to economic development.
Keywords: urban planning, landscape and ecological environment
Abstract: In today's world, cities are the concentrated expression of modern civilization, and the development of cities plays a vital role in promoting the economic and social development of a region. A city is like a huge magnet, attracting various factors of production.
Keywords: urban planning; Scenery; ecological environment
China Library Classification Number: TU984 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:
Cities are the product of the development of human society, economy and culture to a certain stage. The reason, time and function of urban origin are still inconclusive in academic circles. It is generally believed that the emergence of cities is based on the fact that social productive forces can not only meet people's basic survival needs, but also have surplus products. A city is a social, political, economic and cultural center within a certain geographical scope. The formation of cities is a leap in the history of human civilization.
First, the task of urban planning.
The task of urban planning in China is to lay out the urban system according to the national urban development and construction policy, economic and technical policy, long-term planning of national economic and social development, regional planning, and the natural conditions, historical conditions, current characteristics and construction conditions of urban areas; Determine the nature, scale and layout of the city; Unified planning and rational utilization of urban land; Comprehensive deployment of urban economic, cultural, infrastructure and other construction, to ensure the orderly and coordinated development of the city, so that urban development and construction can obtain good economic, social and environmental benefits.
The basic task of urban planning in various countries is to meet the needs of social and economic development and ecological protection by rationally organizing spatial development. From the overall and long-term interests of the city, rational and orderly allocation of urban space resources; Through the allocation of space resources, improve the operational efficiency of the city and promote economic and social development; Ensure the coordination of urban economy, society and ecological environment, and enhance the sustainability of urban development; Establish various guiding mechanisms and control rules to ensure that all construction activities meet the urban development goals; Promote the orderly and healthy operation of the urban real estate market by providing information.
Second, the development of urban planning.
The development of a city is a process of continuous evolution of human living environment, and it is also a process of consciously and unconsciously planning and arranging human living environment. In Jiangzhai Site, a Neolithic settlement in the north of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, China, our ancestors skillfully created a living environment suitable for the social structure at that time in terms of village site selection, land use, building layout and orientation arrangement, development of public space and construction of defense facilities. It can be considered that this is the bud of living environment planning. It is necessary to implement full coverage planning in the planning area, coordinate urban and rural development, focus on adjusting and optimizing the function and spatial structure of the central city on the basis of protecting the natural ecological environment, reasonably determine and strengthen the industrial support of various groups, effectively improve the urban production and living environment, and promote the structural adjustment of village land use. During the planning period, gradually realize returning farmland to forests and promote the concentration of rural population in central villages and towns; Gradually narrow the gap between towns and the central city, and promote the transformation of small towns from quantity to quality; Gradually develop and expand the group, forming an urban space that is closely related to the central city and has complementary resources. Finally, the urban development pattern of urban and rural integration and coordinated development will be realized. Highlight the construction of social welfare facilities, coordinate economic and social development, plan and improve various public service facilities, and establish a reasonable grading system; Give play to the guiding role of public investment and promote the formation and development of the spatial structure of the planning area; Further improve the service functions of provincial capitals in central cities and strengthen the commercial, cultural and entertainment service functions of existing urban centers; Strive to promote the formation of a new south center focusing on modern service industries such as information and finance; Combined with the establishment of municipal cultural, exhibition, sports and other special service centers, promote the formation and development of district-level centers; With the goal of building a famous cultural city, we will promote the prosperity and development of public welfare cultural undertakings, promote the vigorous development of commercial cultural industries, and comprehensively improve the quality of social and cultural life.
Three. Problems existing in urban development
There are still some problems in China's urban development, such as blind efforts to build an international metropolis; Blindly strive to build a central business district; Blind pursuit of tall buildings; Blindly build a large number of urban sculptures. The above blind practices are actually the immature performance of cities in the process of economic development. Clear the direction of urban development and promote the development of the district. In order to speed up the economic development and promote the economic development of urban areas, development zones and counties, the development direction and functional orientation of each urban area and development zone are put forward on the basis of a large number of preliminary studies. Further adjust the energy consumption structure, increase the proportion of clean energy, develop central heating, strengthen the control of automobile exhaust and comprehensively control air pollution. Accelerate the construction of centralized urban sewage treatment facilities and harmless urban garbage treatment facilities. Vigorously protect and improve the ecological environment, it is necessary to protect the existing vegetation and the ecological protection green belt between various groups, and further improve the urban green coverage rate. It is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive improvement of the urban environment and improve the urban ecological environment.
Fourth, the specific practices of urban landscape planning.
Urban landscape planning is an important part of urban planning. According to different regions, there are different geographical environments and human history. Therefore, urban landscape planning should be designed and planned according to the actual situation. It is necessary to carry out construction selectively, purposefully and emphatically. The specific method is as follows:
1, to determine the active elements of the landscape.
On the basis of analyzing the landscape, I look for the characteristics of this landscape, the most historic landscape style, as the protagonist of this landscape. This is also the foundation of creating a civilized city.
2. Divide the characteristic landscape areas
It is necessary to build according to the characteristics of urban landscape and the function of geographical location, gradually strengthen its characteristics, and inherit and carry forward the history and culture of the city.
3, the organization axis landscape
This is determined by the main roads of the city.
4. Control the landscape vision.
Landscape view is a landscape corridor established to make every landscape in a transparent state and appreciate it in all directions.
5. Draw the outline of the city
Urban skyline refers to the contour line formed by natural landscape and artificial buildings. The skyline contour should match and coordinate with the landscape contour.
Five, urban landscape elements
Urban landscape elements include artificial landscape elements and natural landscape elements. Among them, artificial landscape elements include squares, buildings, bazaars, landscaping, artistic sketches and cultural sites. Then, the natural landscape includes hills, stones, lakes, oceans and ancient and famous trees. These landscapes have made important contributions to civilized cities, improving people's living standards and cultivating people's sentiments.
Sixth, the relationship between economic development and environmental construction.
We should correctly handle the dialectical relationship between urban economic development and environmental construction. Pay attention to protecting and improving the urban ecological environment, prevent pollution and other public hazards, strengthen urban greening construction and city appearance and environmental sanitation construction, and protect historical and cultural heritage, urban traditional features, local characteristics and natural landscapes; We can't unilaterally pursue economic benefits to pollute the environment. Destroy the ecological balance at the expense of avoiding duplication and affect urban development? Pollution first, then treatment? The old road, but to make the city's economic development and environmental construction simultaneously. Man and environment are interdependent organic whole. Maintaining harmony between man and nature is the common responsibility of contemporary human beings and the basic principle of urban planning.
Seven. conclusion
With the rapid development of cities, people's living standards are getting higher and higher, and urban planning has become the pursuit of society. The task of urban research is arduous and complex, which also shows its rich vitality. Cities are always developing, and urban problems are always accompanied. However, human beings will consciously use extensive knowledge and rich imagination and creativity to develop the planning, construction and management of urban environment. From the initial study of social and economic development strategy, urban planning will eventually be implemented in material construction, forming a material environment for people to live and work.
Urban planning is the premise of architecture and landscape construction, which prepares the conditions for the required space. The progress of urban planning research has also provided an unprecedented vast world for the development of architecture and landscape architecture. Planners have the same goals as architects and landscape designers. With the development of human society, the organic combination and collaborative creation of these three disciplines will surely push the construction of physical environment to a higher level.
References:
Landscape, culture, ecology and perception of Yu. Beijing Science Press 1998.
Natural Charm of Chen Yi ―― Design of Ecological Residential Quarter. Tongji University Press, 2003.
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