3D printing technology is an advanced manufacturing technology with the significance of industrial revolution, which can promote the transformation of industrial design mode, expand the connotation of industrial design, promote the liberation of industrial design thinking, shorten the design cycle, save research and development costs and reduce enterprise risks. This paper expounds the technical system of 3D printing, probes into the application of 3D printing technology in industrial design, and analyzes the influence of 3D printing technology on industrial design.
Keywords: 3D printing; Industrial design; Application; affect
First, 3D printing technology.
The principle of (1)3D printing technology. 3D printing technology was first called rapid prototyping technology or rapid prototyping manufacturing technology. It is an advanced manufacturing technology developed on the basis of contemporary CAD/CAM technology, mechanical engineering, layered manufacturing technology, laser technology, computer numerical control technology, precision servo drive technology and new material technology. Based on the three-dimensional digital model of computer, it is decomposed into several layers of plane slices by software, and then the bonding materials are laminated and bonded layer by layer by using laser beam and hot melt nozzle through numerical control molding system, and finally the products are manufactured by superposition molding.
(2) Common subclasses and available materials of 2)3D printing technology. According to the different molding technologies, the common 3D printing technologies can be divided into the following categories:
(3) Advantages of 3)3D printing. 3D printing technology is the leading technology for the development from mass production to small batch and personalized production. Its outstanding advantages lie in producing articles with complex structure and appearance without increasing cost, without increasing cost diversification, without assembly, zero time delivery, unlimited design space, zero skill manufacturing, no occupation of space, portable system, reduction of waste by-products, unlimited material combination and accurate entity reproduction.
Second, the application of 3D printing in industrial design
(1) Make conceptual model and functional prototype. In the process of industrial design, it is necessary to repeatedly make parts and models with different functions and types. Traditional methods have some shortcomings, such as long production cycle, high labor intensity, poor accuracy and high cost. However, 3D printing technology can be used to get the required parts and models quickly, simply and accurately.
(two) the production of tools needed in the process of industrial design. Industrial design is a creative activity. Different products and designers need all kinds of equipment and tools to assist the design process. Most of these tools are made by designers according to their own needs. At this time, it can be done through a 3D printer, instead of spending a lot of time and energy to make it through various processing methods. 3D printing equipment can not only shorten the time of tool making and reduce the cost, but also construct products with more precise structure, lighter weight and more ergonomics, which greatly improves the design efficiency.
(3) Small batch production. With the development of 3D printing technology, its printing cost and printing time are further reduced, and printable materials and methods are constantly enriched, which makes it have great advantages in shorter production process, less time and lower cost compared with traditional manufacturing technology, and is not limited by time, space, machine tools and molds. As long as necessary, production can be stopped at any time, and the design can be modified, thus lifting the technical, cost and time limit of traditional manufacturing industry.
Third, the impact of 3D printing on industrial design
(A) the liberation of bondage, change the design concept. Traditional design modeling is restricted by product production and assembly, which restricts the creativity and imagination of designers. With the development and maturity of 3D printing technology, products with complex structure and appearance can be printed by 3D printers, and they are seamless. In this way, designers can focus on the innovation and improvement of product form, appearance creativity and function, so that the trend of product design diversification, structural design integration and humanization is gradually emerging, and the proportion of human-machine attribute and aesthetic attribute factors is improved among its technical, economic, aesthetic, environmental and human-machine attribute factors. The traditional industrial design is based on the traditional mass production mode, which requires that the design must be based on a model. Even the so-called personalized design only narrows the scope of model generation. This means that the differences of users' psychology, physiology, use time and environment are difficult to be reflected in the design process. For example, mouse design is such a typical design mode: the traditional design mode is to adapt the user's palm size, usage habits and personality needs to limited specifications and models, while 3D printing technology can design and produce products that completely match the user's hand type, habits and personality needs. 3D printing technology makes it possible to design and produce products individually. Using 3D printing technology, products can be customized and people-oriented can be truly realized.
(B) the impact of 3D printing technology on industrial design process and cost. In the design process, smooth and efficient design communication is an important guarantee for the success of industrial design and development. Among them, various models are one of the important means of communication. Hand-made models are quite different from the expectations of conceptual design in terms of precision, texture and touch, and 3D printing can overcome these shortcomings, so that every member and user in the design team can intuitively see and touch these conceptual models and compare their differences in structure, shape and function. In addition, it takes a long time to make the model in the process of industrial design by hand, which is the biggest obstacle to shorten the time to market of products. Using 3D printing can greatly shorten the production time of conceptual models and product prototypes, from the past few days or even weeks to several hours. In recent years, with the development trend of product complexity and personalization, the cost of model processing and manufacturing in the design process is very high. Complex models even need special mold and processing technology to ensure the accuracy and real effect of the model, and 3D printing technology can make models anytime and anywhere, which greatly reduces the design cost.
(C) the impact of 3D printing technology on the design industry. The traditional industrial design mode is restricted by the inherent reduced production mode and is dominated by professional designers. However, with the maturity of 3D printing technology, independent designers will become less and less dependent on the traditional processing industry. For those consumers who have a strong sense of innovation and have certain design and research capabilities, they are likely to become designers and manufacturers. With the socialized manufacturing brought by 3D printing technology, independent designers and brands will also rise.
Fourth, 3D printing problems in industrial design
3D printing is influenced by designers, design software, equipment and materials. In the field of industrial design, 3D printing technology has liberated design constraints and inspired designers' creative inspiration, but the design software and model output format used in 3D printing technology still need to be further developed and improved. At present, 3D printing technology can be perfectly combined with design, which has been proved in many products and widely recognized, but how to make it play its due role in more product production is still a problem that needs to be discussed continuously. At the same time, 3D printing technology also has its inherent shortcomings, such as: the printing size is limited by technology and printers, the printing time of products is too long, and there is no cost advantage in mass production. These reasons make 3D printing still unable to replace the traditional manufacturing process. Conclusion: 3D printing technology has made great development and application in the field of industrial design. In the field of industrial design, 3D printing technology can not only meet people's requirements for personalized and customized products, but also realize the manufacture of products with complex structure and appearance, improve the design and manufacturing accuracy, greatly shorten the design cycle, reduce the design cost, stimulate designers' creative inspiration, bring new vitality to product design, and give birth to a large number of independent designers and design brands, which has good development prospects. At the same time, 3D printing technology also has some shortcomings in technology and promotion, but with the development and maturity of 3D printing technology and the unremitting efforts of designers, it will be more and more widely used in the field of industrial design.
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