The two are different from each other:
In 1950s, the socialist transformation in China was to realize the transition from a new democratic society to a socialist society, so as to establish the basic socialist system, while the socialist reform since the end of 1970s was to improve the socialist system. The two are interrelated:
First, the fundamental purpose of both is to liberate and develop productive forces.
Second, both of them are bold explorations of the great historical process of the Communist Party of China (CPC) leading the people of China to struggle for socialism.
Third, the two complement each other and are indispensable, and they are unified in the great practice of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Fourth, the socialist transformation provides theoretical and practical preparation for the socialist reform, which is not a denial of the socialist transformation, but the relationship between the inheritance and development of the socialist transformation:
1, reform and opening up is not to deny socialist transformation, but to liberate and develop productive forces.
2. Socialism in 1950s was the correct choice to adapt to the historical conditions at that time. At that time, China only achieved development through self-reliance, and this transformation was the best choice to develop the productive forces at that time. Reform and opening up is another historic choice for the Party to lead the people to take the road of Socialism with Chinese characteristics under the situation that the world is facing the theme of peace and development in the new period. 3. Socialist reform is not to deny socialist transformation, nor to return to the state before the reform; It is to adjust and reform the production relations and superstructure that do not meet the requirements of the development of productive forces. It is the self-improvement and development of the socialist system, with the aim of further liberating and developing productive forces. Both socialist transformation and socialist reform are unified in the practice of China's socialist cause, which has an inherent historical and logical relationship. 4, the relationship between socialist transformation and socialist reform:
1. Socialist transformation is to establish a basic socialist economic system in China in order to continue to liberate and develop productive forces. It reflects the inevitable requirement of social development in China. The victory of socialist transformation marks the formation of new relations of production and superstructure in China, which has achieved the most extensive and profound social changes in the history of China and greatly liberated the social productive forces in China. B, China's socialist transformation in the 1950s was too hasty and rough in the later period, resulting in some deviations and mistakes, leaving some problems, and the superiority of socialism was not fully demonstrated. The socialist reform, which began in the late 1970s, is to correct some problems left over from the socialist reform and the deviations and mistakes that have appeared since then, and to move forward on this basis.
How to understand socialist transformation and socialist reform
1. Socialist transformation and socialism. The fundamental purpose of reform is the same. China's socialist transformation is a socialist revolution. It was this socialist revolution that China's * * * Production Party led the people of China to carry out socialist transformation of various non-socialist economies, established socialist public ownership and established the basic socialist system, which greatly liberated and developed the productive forces. It is after three years of socialist transformation that China has determined the basic socialist system, mobilized the enthusiasm of all walks of life, greatly liberated the productive forces and promoted their development. The socialist reform, like the socialist transformation in the past, aims at liberating and developing the productive forces and freeing China from poverty and backwardness. Socialist society also has the problem of liberating and developing productive forces, which is mainly determined by the characteristics of the basic contradiction movement in socialist society. The continuous development and change of productive forces will inevitably make the production relations that were generally adapted to it gradually unsuitable, thus seriously restricting the development of productive forces. As Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "If we don't carry out reform now, our modernization and socialist cause will be destroyed."
Socialist reform is the unity of liberating and developing productive forces. We must correct a wrong understanding, that is, under socialist conditions, there is only the problem of developing productive forces, not liberating them. This view is one-sided and wrong. Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "Revolution is the liberation of productive forces, and reform is the liberation of productive forces. Overthrow imperialism and seals
The reactionary rule of constructivism and bureaucratic capitalism liberated the productive forces of China people, which was a revolution, so the revolution liberated the productive forces. After the establishment of the basic socialist system, we should fundamentally change the economic system that restricts the development of productive forces, establish a dynamic socialist economic system, and promote the development of productive forces. This is reform, so reform is also the liberation of productive forces. In the past, we only talked about developing productive forces under socialist conditions, but did not talk about liberating productive forces through reform, which was not comprehensive. We should talk about liberating and developing productive forces. "
Second, the fundamental nature of socialist transformation and socialist reform is the same.
The socialist transformation of that year pursued a single public ownership and a highly centralized planned economic system, thus establishing the basic socialist system. However, the current socialist reform allows a variety of ownership components with public ownership as the main body to coexist, implements a socialist market economy, and strives to give full play to the positive significance of the non-public ownership economy in order to improve the socialist system and build socialism. Their superficial characteristics are different, but they are all bold explorations in the great historical process of China people's struggle for socialism under the leadership of China's * * * production party, and they are only explorations in two different stages, that is to say, their fundamental nature is the same.
The great significance of socialist transformation lies in establishing the basic socialist system. The basic socialist system is the socialist economic system, and the fundamental feature of the socialist economic system is public ownership of the means of production.
Socialist reform is carried out step by step in the practice of socialist modernization, on the basis of summing up the historical experience of socialist victories and setbacks in China and drawing lessons from the historical experience of other socialist countries, and it is an exploration and improvement of the basic socialist system.
Third, the historical position of socialist transformation and socialist reform is equally important. In the practice of building a Socialism with Chinese characteristics, socialist transformation and socialist reform are equally important. The socialist transformation with China characteristics shows the creativity of producers in China. It is this creativity that provides theoretical and practical preparation for the socialist reform after 20 years. The establishment of the basic socialist economic system has provided material preparation for the construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Born out of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, New China was "poor and white" at that time. Although the people's democratic regime was established, the modern industry, which only accounted for about10 of the gross national product at that time, was surrounded by the sea of small-scale peasant economy in Wang Yang. The establishment of the socialist system only creates a possible condition and premise for the development of social productive forces, and to turn this possibility into reality, we must establish a social system suitable for the development of productive forces. Socialist reform came into being.
2. Socialist factors and capitalist factors in the new democratic society.
Capitalist factors:
Economic field: private capitalist economy, individual economy and state capitalist economic and political field: national bourgeoisie participates in state power.
Ideological and cultural fields: there are bourgeois ideas and other non-proletarian ideological and socialist factors;
Economically, state-owned economy and cooperative economy are dominant; Politically, the leadership culture of the working class; And the guidance of Marxism.
Conclusion: The new democratic society is not an independent social form, but a transitional society between a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and a socialist society. Among them, socialist factors ensure the transformation from a new democratic society to socialism.