Since the Sui Dynasty, the subjects of imperial examinations in various dynasties have been constantly changing. Wendi only asks questions, and Yang Di opens ten subjects. There were many examination subjects in the Tang Dynasty, and the permanent subjects mainly included Ming Jing (Confucian classics), Jinshi, (law), (writing) and (arithmetic). In the Ming Dynasty, Jinshi had only one subject. The Qing dynasty cracked down on the Ming system, but also set up special courses (specialized courses), such as erudition and translation.

In addition to special subjects, the contents of Ming Jing and Jinshi are mainly Confucian classics. Examinations in different dynasties are also different. In the Tang Dynasty, there were mainly Mo Yi, oral examination, sutra pasting, topic planning, poetry and so on. In Song Dynasty, there were mainly Jing Yi, strategic topics, poems and so on. In the Ming Dynasty, there was only one Jing Yi.

Second, the imperial examination content:

Mo Yi 1

The meaning of ink is a simple question and answer around the meaning of classics and notes. In a paper, there are often as many as 30 to 50 such topics. The oral test is an oral answer to questions like Mo Yi's.

Step 2 post classics

Sticking classics is like filling in the blanks in modern examination papers. The examiner selects a page from the famous works and prints a line on the test paper. According to this line, candidates should fill in the relevant context.

3. Policy issues

Asking questions is discussing. Candidates express their opinions and put forward countermeasures according to the examiner's questions about morality or politics. Policy issues cover a wide range, including politics, education, production and management. It is more difficult than sticking scriptures and Mohism, and some of them have some practical value.

4. Poetry and Fu

Poetry and Fu, in the second year of Yonglong, some people thought that the Ming Jing copied more righteous texts, talked about old tactics or failed to show real talent and practical learning. Some people suggested adding two articles (one poem and one fu), so they began the poetry and fu examination.

5. Fine arts

Confucian classics and righteousness are discussions around the meaning of books. If there is still room for candidates to play in policy making, there is no personal thought in Confucian classics, and candidates just follow the "sage book" designated by the court. Since the Song Dynasty, the meanings of Confucian classics and Mohism have been replaced by Confucian classics, while the Ming Dynasty simply studied Confucian classics.

6. Wu Ju

Wu Zetian initiated the martial arts examination for selecting military commanders in the Tang Dynasty. It was renamed Wu Ke in Qing Dynasty. Historically, Wu Juyi has been detained about 500 times. Compared with the civil imperial examination, the military imperial examination is less valued. Military exercises in past dynasties were sometimes abolished and sometimes resumed. The status of martial arts background is also lower than that of scholars with liberal arts background.

Martial arts in the Tang Dynasty mainly tested weightlifting, riding and shooting, stepping and shooting, carbine and other techniques. In addition, there are also requirements for the appearance of candidates, and they should be "majestic in trunk and able to be a general". The Song Dynasty stipulated that martial arts should not only use soldiers, but also "a pair of strategies". Sun Wu's The Art of War was asked. In the Ming dynasty, it was changed to "strategy first, martial arts second". If you fail the written test, you can't refer to the martial arts test.

I took three questions, two questions, and the other question was about four books. Later, the titles of the four books were all changed to Jason Wu's Dictation. Wushu test requires at least three shots of nine arrows and at least five shots of nine arrows. In the Qing dynasty, it was changed to try to shoot with horse stance, and the horse shot six arrows twice, and the three arrows in the middle were combined. Five of the nine arrows in the step are merged. Then compare strength, including pulling a hard bow, dancing a knife and lifting stones.

Bow is divided into eight forces, ten forces and twelve forces; Knife score 80, 100, 120 kg; Stones are divided into 200, 250 and 300 Jin. Only those who pass the exam will take the written test. Before the Song Dynasty, there was no "martial arts champion". The first martial arts champion was Yi Xue from Fujian, who was born in Song Shenzong. Later, he fought against Xixia and died. Famous military commanders in history include Xu in the Tang Dynasty, Xu in the Northern Song Dynasty and Qi Jiguang in the Ming Dynasty.

Extended data:

Imperial examination grading:

1, and

Refers to the imperial examination, which is selected in the examination. Those who fail the examination are called the first and second places. In ancient times, Jinshi who took the exam had to wear palace robes. Here, "wearing Gong Jin" refers to China Jinshi. "Shi" is another name for Ji, referring to the scholar who passed the exam.

2. Jinshi

See the article "Gong Kao". It is the highest reputation in the imperial examination. "Gong Sheng's top three candidates for court exams are called Jinshi. When you pass the exam, as long as you pass the exam, you will be awarded an official position, and the rest will be awarded an official position after three years of study.

3. Champion

See the article "Gong Kao". The imperial examination system ranks first in the court examination, also known as Dian Yuan and Ding Yuan. He, Wang Wei and Wen Tianxiang, famous poets in Tang Dynasty, were all selected by imperial examinations.

4. Huiyuan

See the article "Will Try". Juren will take the exam, the first one will be called Huiyuan, and the rest will be called Gong's.

Step 5 share experiences

See the article "Finish the exam". Students (Jinshi) take the provincial examination, the first place is Jieyuan, the second to fifth place is Jingyuan, and the rest are called Juren.

6. Lianzhong Sanyuan

The first place in the imperial examination is Yuan, and the first place in the township, community and temple examinations is called "Zhong Sanyuan". Ouyang Xiu's Oil Salesman mentioned that Chen Yaozi and his brother Chen Yaosou both won the first prize, while Chen Yaosou won the third prize.

7. Ding Jia

Refers to the first and third place in the imperial examination: the champion, the second place, and the flower exploration, such as the third foot, so it is called Ding Jia. The top scholar ranks first in Ding Family, so it is also called Dingyuan.

8. Gong Shi

Gong was admitted.

9. Juren

Jurors admitted after taking the provincial examination. Jurors may confer the position of magistrate. After the Scholars wrote Fan Jin's residence for the third time, he immediately gave him a silver and a house. Fan's father-in-law Hu Butcher immediately changed his face and praised his son-in-law as "the star in the sky", but Fan got the news and was ecstatic. It shows that the ancients in China can be promoted and made a fortune after moving.

10, health workers

That is, a scholar, see the article "Delivery Experiment". Those who pass the college exam (children's exam) can be called students or scholars. Liu Xiu, Emperor Wu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, avoided light and taboo, calling the scholar Cai Mao.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Imperial Examination System