Suggestions on the protection of cultural heritage
1. The state shall take all necessary scientific, technical, administrative, legal and financial measures as far as possible to ensure the protection of the cultural and natural heritage on its territory.
2. The management department should always be careful to maintain its cultural and natural heritage, so as to avoid expensive projects that have to be implemented because of its degradation. To this end, the management department should regularly supervise all parts of its heritage through regular inspections, and should also carefully formulate plans and projects that can gradually include the protection and display of all cultural and natural heritage according to the existing scientific, technical and financial means.
Any work that needs to be done should be fully studied in advance, and at the same time, according to its importance. This kind of research should be carried out jointly with experts in various related fields or independently by experts in related fields.
4. The state should find effective ways to give more protection to the components of cultural and natural heritage that are extremely seriously threatened. This method should consider related scientific, technical and artistic problems and formulate applicable countermeasures.
In addition, under appropriate circumstances, these components of cultural and natural heritage should be restored to their original uses, or given new and more appropriate uses, as long as their cultural values have not been devalued.
6. Any project related to cultural heritage should be free to protect its traditional original appearance, and it should not be rebuilt or transformed that may destroy its overall or color relationship with the surrounding environment.
7. The harmony between historical sites established by time and human beings and the surrounding environment is extremely important and should not be disturbed or destroyed. It should not be allowed to isolate historical sites by destroying their surroundings. Nor should we try to move historical sites unless it is taken as an example to solve the problem and the reason for doing so proves urgent.
8. Without the approval of the special management department, no new building shall be built, and no property located in or near the protected area shall be demolished, modified, modified or cut down.
9. Member States should enact laws and regulations to control posters, neon lights and other advertisements, commercial signboards, camping, telephone poles, towers, wires or telephone lines, TV antennas, various traffic parking lots, road signs and street facilities. In short, all matters related to the equipment or occupation of a certain part of cultural and natural heritage.
10. Those who intentionally destroy, damage or destroy protected historical sites, buildings or sites, or heritages with archaeological, historical or artistic value shall be punished or administratively punished according to the constitutions, laws and authorities of various countries. In addition, illegal excavation equipment should be confiscated.
1 1. Those responsible for any other acts that undermine the protection, preservation and display of protected cultural or natural heritage components shall be punished and given administrative penalties. It should include provisions for restoring the affected sites to their original state in accordance with existing scientific and technical standards.
Put forward suggestions for the protection of cultural heritage to the government.
1. Continue the history, inherit the culture and effectively protect the authenticity and integrity of the heritage.
The significance and value of world cultural heritage are mainly reflected in its unique creativity and typical expression of culture in a specific historical period. Therefore, maintaining authenticity and integrity are two basic elements. These two principles should be adhered to in the protection of heritage sites and the restoration of cultural relics to prevent over-exploitation and? Repair the old as new? Equal inclination.
The overall protection of the old city of Beijing is still facing a severe situation. Although the buffer zone of the Forbidden City has been demarcated, the protection plan of the imperial city and the master plan of Beijing city have also been promulgated and implemented, whether it can be implemented is the key. The government must make up its mind, resolutely curb the still very strong real estate development momentum in the old city, earnestly strengthen the protection of the buffer zone of the Forbidden City, and earnestly implement the implementation of the "master plan" in the old city? Overall protection? The principle of truly protecting the Forbidden City, the common cultural heritage of mankind.
2. Clarify the subject of management and speed up the legislation of heritage protection.
At present, the heritage management departments in Beijing are scattered and fragmented. We should learn from international advanced experience, study the reform of the management system of heritage sites, and establish specialized world heritage protection institutions and scientific research institutions in line with China's national conditions as soon as possible.
The newly revised Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics is an important legal basis for the protection of world cultural heritage at present, and it must be resolutely implemented. Beijing promulgated the Measures for the Protection and Management of the Great Wall, which greatly promoted the protection of the Great Wall in the legal system construction. The special legislation of other heritage sites should also speed up the pace, so that the protection of heritage can really be based on laws.
3. Rational development and moderate utilization.
Paying attention to the protection, social welfare and inheritance of historical and cultural heritage has become the consensus of more and more countries. Should we do this as soon as possible? Connect with the world? Resolutely reverse the nature of world heritage is defined as? Tourism resources? Wrong tendencies can't turn cultural relics into economic development zones. The number of visitors per day should be limited. Simply pursuing ticket revenue? And other outdated management concepts. The relevant departments of the municipal government and districts and counties should take Scientific Outlook on Development as a guide, broaden their horizons, make bold decisions, gradually reform the system and mechanism, change the economic operation mode of the differential subsidy of public welfare management units, and fully allocate the protection funds by the government to fundamentally solve the contradiction between long-term protection and immediate use.
4. Protection technology needs to be improved.
China's heritage sites are short of senior managers and professional technicians, and the protection technology is relatively backward, which needs to be improved urgently. Strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, attach importance to the introduction of advanced protection technologies and means, encourage professional and technical personnel in heritage sites to carry out scientific and technological innovation, and explore new technologies and methods suitable for China and our city.
5. Strengthen research and expand publicity and education.
The protection of world heritage is a mass cause, so it is necessary to expand publicity and actively mobilize and attract more people to participate. We should attach importance to and give play to the irreplaceable role of volunteers and non-governmental organizations in heritage protection; Give full play to the advantages of the capital, integrate the central and local scientific research forces, carry out heritage protection and even global research, and organize the compilation and publication of a number of monographs with high theoretical value; Strengthen the education of young people and raise their awareness of protecting and cherishing the cultural heritage of the motherland. The Middle School Attached to Beijing Normal University organizes students to investigate the present situation of Beijing World Heritage, hold discussions with experts and write papers. This experience is worth summarizing and popularizing.
6. Prepare for applying for reserve projects.
Prevention? Reiterate light insurance? At the same time, we should make preparations for applying for new projects. To apply for insurance promotion and prepare for the application? Make the preparation for the application for the World Heritage more solid and orderly.
Significance of protection and utilization of cultural heritage
Cultural heritage is a wealth relic with cultural value created by human beings in social and historical practice, which includes all material wealth and spiritual wealth created by human beings in social and historical practice. Cultural heritage is the product of man's transformation of nature, which reflects the relationship between man and nature and its development in history and is the witness of man's transformation of nature. Through the research and exploration of cultural heritage, we can get a glimpse of human life since its birth. Cultural heritage is created by human beings in history and a reflection of their past lives. It is non-renewable and non-recyclable. Once it disappears, it may never reappear. Therefore, the protection of cultural heritage is of great significance.
Under the situation of modern international competition and increasingly fierce regional competition, all countries put economic growth at the top of their national development strategies. Only when the economy develops rapidly and the country's comprehensive strength is enhanced can it occupy a place in the future international competition. Therefore, the trend of demolishing old buildings and building new ones is accelerating day by day. All kinds of ancient buildings and sites were razed to the ground by modern machinery, and all kinds of cultural relics were ruthlessly destroyed. Driven by economic interests, many cultural heritages have also been commercialized, and the starting point of all work is to obtain the maximum economic profit. In many tourist destinations, in order to get the maximum profit, businesses ignore the carrying capacity of the environment, and too many tourists flock in, which not only changes the original intention of cultural heritage protection, but also brings a great burden to cultural heritage, which is often destroyed by cultural relics, speeding up the loss of cultural relics and shortening the life of cultural heritage. This is mainly because people's understanding of cultural heritage is not deep enough, and their understanding of the non-renewable nature of cultural heritage is insufficient. Therefore, it is urgent and important to strengthen the reasonable and correct protection of cultural heritage and increase the publicity of cultural heritage knowledge.
Cultural heritage is the product of the interaction between human beings and the environment in the process of historical development and the crystallization of human wisdom, and its content is rich and colorful. From 65438 to 0972, the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage adopted by the UNESCO General Conference 17 classified cultural heritage into three categories: cultural relics, buildings and sites, and the Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage adopted by the UNESCO General Conference in 2003 put forward the concept of intangible cultural heritage. However, no matter how it is classified, the common feature of human cultural heritage is its outstanding universal value.
Historical and cultural villages and towns are an important part of human cultural heritage. In the 1970s and 1980s, UNESCO and the International Council of Monuments and Sites successively adopted a series of important historical documents, including the Resolution on the Protection of Historic Towns, the Proposal on the Protection of Historic Areas and Their Contemporary Functions, and the Charter on the Protection of Historic Towns and Urban Areas, all of which put forward relevant regulations and measures for the protection of historic towns and ancient villages. 1972, UNESCO issued the Convention for the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, and China became a contracting party in 1985, and gradually established a heritage protection system focusing on cultural relics protection units, historical and cultural cities and historical and cultural protection areas. 1986, when the State Council announced the second batch of famous historical and cultural cities, it already proposed to protect villages and towns with relatively concentrated cultural relics. The new Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics in 2002 clearly put forward the concept of historical and cultural villages and towns, and confirmed the status of famous towns (villages) in China's heritage protection system in the form of law. All the ancient civilizations in the world are protecting historic towns and villages. Dayuwan Village, located in Mulan Township, huangpi district, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, was jointly evaluated as the second batch by the Ministry of Construction and National Cultural Heritage Administration in September this year? A famous historical and cultural village in China? Its connotation includes all the classifications of cultural heritage, but unfortunately, this famous historical and cultural village has not been properly protected at present.
The protection of famous historical and cultural villages is to protect many cultural relics and historical buildings scattered in Guangda famous villages, to continue the traditional pattern and style of famous villages, and to inherit and carry forward the excellent local historical and cultural traditions. Dayuwan Village has a history of more than 630 years, with more than 40 buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. As a historical village, it almost shows the whole picture of a farming civilization before modernization, from house building, farm tools to the concept of geomantic omen, showing the rural features of ancient China society. By discussing the significance of Dayuwan village protection, we can see the significance of cultural heritage protection.
First of all, protecting cultural heritage can effectively preserve the materials created by ancestors. Dayuwan Village has not only preserved more than 40 Ming and Qing buildings, but also preserved 10 intact buildings and 3 1 intact buildings. In addition, there are carved wooden beds, engraved longevity cards, wooden boxes, stone mills, stone tablets, looms, spinning wheels, plush chairs, ancient porcelain, Yu's genealogy, Yu's famous works and so on. These are the humanistic cultures formed by Dayuwan people in the process of transforming and interacting with nature, and the material cultures created by ancestors in conformity with nature. They are from Dayuwan, which also reflects the activity track of some China people in history. Protecting these cultural heritages means respecting our ancestors, our China people's own history and the Chinese nation's own culture.
Secondly, in a society where modern world cultures are gradually converging, we should protect cultural heritage, preserve and develop the wealth left by our ancestors, embody the characteristics of our own national culture and enrich the diversity of world cultures. China's culture has lasted for 5,000 years and is profound. However, as we can see, many of our ancient cultures have disappeared in the long river of history under the impact of modernization. Unlike Dayu Village, China is not full of complete and rich ancient cultural relics. The architectural style of Dayuwan is peculiar. The ancestors of Dayuwan summarized the architectural features as follows: the front wall is surrounded by water and the back wall is surrounded by mountains. The yard is full of small yards, which communicate with each room. There are hundreds of families in the village, colluding with 20 lanes, and every family has connections. Every household is separated by the concierge, the bluestone road, the stone wall of drip line, with flying Ryukyu tiles on the top and birds and animals on the eaves. There are many carvings in the room, and there are eaves galleries painted in front of the door. ? In addition, in front of Dayuwan Village, streams are used as gullies, and then masonry walls are used as screens. Behind the village, relying on Xifeng Mountain, a stone wall is built as a barrier, and the village is surrounded by stone walls, quietly forming a castle, which can prevent thieves from invading, and the alleys in the village are interconnected, showing a complete safe home system. The concept of geomantic omen in Dayuwan Village is one of the important components of architectural culture in this area. ? On the left is the Dragon Tour, and on the right is the White Tiger Guard. The turtle carries the Beidou in front, and the gourd is caught with the golden thread behind. In the middle is the wishful taiji diagram. ? The winding mountains on the left side of the village are connected with rice fields, floating on the water like green dragons. On the right side of the village, a mountain bag looks down at the front like a white tiger. There are two mountain bags crawling like turtles in front of the village. On the adjacent peaks, there are large pieces of granite hanging in the sky like the Big Dipper. The ridge of Xifeng Mountain behind the village is like the same gold thread, which connects a gourd-shaped hill village in series. The pond in the village is shaped like a map of Artest. It is worth noting that the concept of Feng Shui is not only unique to Dayuwan dwellings, but also reflected in many ancient buildings and tombs in China. On the surface, the concept of geomantic omen seems to be a superstition, but it embodies the ancient China people's idea of harmony between man and nature. Many temples and temples in China are built on famous mountains, which embodies this concept of geomantic omen, this philosophy of the unity of heaven and man, and the golden mean.
Thirdly, the effective protection of cultural heritage and reasonable tourism development are conducive to promoting the development of local economy and improving the living standards of local people. There is no contradiction between protecting cultural heritage and developing tourism. As long as handled properly, both can develop healthily, and cultural inheritance can also become a sustainable growth point of local economy. However, we must first understand the relationship between cultural heritage protection and economic growth. The development of cultural heritage must be based on effective protection. Only when the cultural heritage is well protected will this economic growth point not be exhausted in just a few years or even longer. The development of cultural relics tourism can not only promote economic development, but also let more people know about local culture. Du Yue, Deputy Secretary-General of the Secretariat of China National Committee for UNESCO, proposed that the most important feature of a heritage site should be openness. ? We have the right and obligation to visit, learn and inherit the heritage left by our ancestors, so traveling is necessary. It has become an important link for tourists to improve their cultural taste and increase their knowledge. ? Proper development of tourism in cultural and natural heritage sites can not only provide financial support for heritage protection and economic guarantee for heritage management, but also promote cultural exchanges and publicize local culture with the arrival of tourists. Michael Tilde, Chairman of European Department of UNESCO World Heritage Center? Rossler said? Tourism in World Heritage Sites has created employment opportunities for millions of people around the world and brought happiness and leisure to countless tourists. ? Reasonable tourism development of cultural heritage can bring huge benefits, but it may also bring huge losses to the remains. The key to the result is how to deal with the relationship between the two.
There are 380 people and nearly 100 families in Dayuwan Village, but most families are not very rich, and many families are still in poverty. Developing Dayuwan Folk Culture Village into a tourist attraction and recruiting local people as staff can not only improve the employment rate of the local population, but also make more people turn to the tertiary industry and improve the living standards of the local people. Huangpi district has? Panlong? (Panlong Ancient City in 3500)? Twin peaks? The Twin Peaks Pavilion built in memory of Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao. Mulan? (There is Mulan Mountain in the land of Buddhism and Taoism in 1500) Three cultural business cards. Do you? Without evil, there would be no town? The reputation of. After planning, Dayuwan will become the fourth business card of Huang Bei, and it will definitely appear? Do I have to go to Dayuwan to come here? Statement. According to the preliminary forecast, the comprehensive income of cultural tourism in Huangpi Dayuwan will be more than 5 million yuan per year, which will drive more than 800 villagers in the local and surrounding areas to engage in cultural tourism. At the same time, it can also improve the cultural quality of local people.
Fourth, cultural heritage is the culture created by our ancestors and the past of our nation. Through the protection and utilization of cultural heritage, we can cultivate people's patriotic feelings and enhance national self-esteem and self-confidence. China has a long river of 5,000 years, and ancient ancestors created profound Chinese culture, which is the pride of our Chinese nation. Protecting these cultural heritages is our obligation and a manifestation of our responsibility to future generations. Emperor Taizong said:? Taking history as a mirror, can you know the rise and fall? . Only when a nation faces up to its past can it move towards the future. Only those that sprout from historical and cultural traditions? New? Culture has more foundation, details, characteristics and vitality. Social civilization needs metabolism, but renewal cannot abandon history, but develops on the basis of history and breeds new things from the old environment. Cultural heritage is a property with cultural value left by our ancestors to future generations. We have an obligation to protect the heritage of our ancestors. This property belongs not only to us, but also to our descendants. We have an obligation to inherit this ancestral property.
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