Guo Renyuan, a famous psychologist, 1898, from Shantou, Guangdong. 19 16 was admitted to Fudan university. 19 18 to study psychology at the university of California, Berkeley. In the fourth year of college, he published a paper "Giving up Instinct in Psychology" (192 1). 1923, completed all doctoral studies and returned to China. 1936, when he went to the United States to give lectures, he was awarded a supplementary doctorate.
1923 returned to his alma mater Fudan university as a professor, 1924 as a vice president, aged 26. After 1929, he served as a professor in the Department of Psychology of Zhejiang University and Central University. 1933~ 1936 served as the president of Zhejiang university. 65438-0936, went to the United States, Britain, Canada and other countries to teach psychobiology and conduct research. Zhu Kezhen was the president of Zhejiang University.
Guo Renyuan's paper published in 192 1 not only pointed the finger at many famous people such as McDougall, but also pointed out that Watson's "innate response" was also a wrong innate concept, which shocked the American philosophical and psychological circles at that time and intensified the international debate. From 1922 to 1924, he published papers such as How Our Instincts Are Obtained and Psychology Without Heredity to participate in the debate, so he was called "Super Watson" behaviorist.
From the late 1920s to the mid-1930s, he established four animal psychology laboratories in Shanghai, Hangzhou and Nanjing, and actively carried out experimental research to verify his view that instinctive behavior also had a certain development process, which was neither innate nor hereditary. 1930 published the experimental report "The occurrence of cat's reaction to mice". He raised cats and mice in the same cage since childhood, and when he grew up, the mice actually rode on the cat's back and got along well with each other, which made the cat's natural instinct to catch mice disappear, indicating that cats and mice were acquired by the environment, not by genes. 1932 ~ 1938, his study on bird embryo behavior: Ⅰ ~ ⅹ Ⅱ; More than ten papers, such as 65438-0939 "Physiological Research of Embryonic Nervous System: Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ", were published in American journals such as Experimental Animal Science, Comparative Psychology, Comparative Neurology and Neurophysiology. The experimental study on embryo behavior shows that the pecking action of chicken is not an inexperienced natural action, but is "trained" in embryo. He opened a complete transparent "window" on the eggshell, coated it with oil, and observed the development of embryo behavior through the window under strong light. It is found that the heartbeat of the embryo can force the bird head on the heart to move with the heartbeat; He believes that this compulsive bird head action is a pecking action practiced by young birds during their embryonic period. These experimental techniques and results made him a psychologist with special contributions in the world, and the small window he created was called "wide window".
After Guo Renyuan settled in Kowloon on 1946, he still conducted animal behavior experiments at home, and published another research series, Basic Factors of Animal Fighting: Ⅰ ~ ⅶ, which was published in 1960 American Journal of Genetic Psychology. This paper mainly expounds the influence of hormones, nutrition, environment, training and many other factors on the development of various animal fighting behaviors and the problems existing among species. 1967 published the monograph "On the Formation of Motivation of Behavior Development", which perfectly expounded his own behavior development theory with rich facts and caused a sensation in the western campus. He made a fierce attack on the study of animal habits through natural observation advocated by Nobel Prize winner K Lorenz. The animal learning theory put forward by neo-behaviorists C.L. Hull and B.F. Skinner is also very disapproving.
Guo Renyuan made a big splash when he published a paper in an American university. When he returned to China to teach, he attracted many promising young scholars to give lectures, including Ruan Yongzheng, Tong Dizhou, Shen, Xu and Zhu Henian. He also trained four graduates for the psychology department of Fudan University, including Hu Jinan, a later professor of physiological psychology.
Guo Renyuan has also published Chinese essays and two books, such as Psychology and Genetics (1929), Human Behavior (1923) and Lectures on Behavioral Psychology (1928).
1970 After Guo Renyuan died, G. Gottlied wrote a critical biography for Guo Renyuan: a radical philosopher of science and an experimenter who innovated for him. The American magazine Comparative Physiological Psychology, which has always published only experimental research reports, published this biography for the first time in the issue of 1972 1, and published a full-page photo of Guo Renyuan. Guo Renyuan is also the only psychologist in China who was selected in the book Experimental Psychology 100.