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Should I publish my paper or apply for a patent first?
Article 24 of the Patent Law stipulates:

An invention-creation applying for a patent shall not lose its novelty in any of the following circumstances within six months before the date of filing:

(1) It was exhibited for the first time at an international exhibition sponsored or recognized by the China Municipal Government;

(2) It was first published at a specific academic conference or technical conference;

(3) Others disclose the contents of the application without the consent of the applicant.

If your situation conforms to the provisions of Article 24, paragraph 2 of the Patent Law, then you don't need to worry that the first published paper will become an "obstacle" for filing a patent application later.

However, please note that the following three conditions need to be met:

(1) Time requirement: It shall be published for the first time in the designated academic conference or technical conference within 6 months before the application date (priority date refers to priority date).

(2) Meeting requirements: academic meetings or technical meetings organized by relevant competent departments or national academic organizations in the State Council.

(3) Procedural requirements: make a statement when submitting a patent application (prompt: tick 19 "the second column of grace period without losing novelty" in the request), and submit supporting materials within 2 months from the date of application.