Chapter 1: The teaching goal of "Green Plants and the Balance of Carbon and Oxygen in Biosphere"
1. Summarize the concept of photosynthesis. Examples are given to illustrate the application of photosynthesis in agricultural production.
2. Using the experimental method, independently design and complete the inquiry activities in this chapter.
3. Understand the important role of green plants in maintaining the balance of carbon and oxygen.
Important and difficult
1, understand photosynthesis.
2. The important role of green plants in carbon and oxygen balance.
3. Design of inquiry activities.
Time allocation
2 class hours
Textbook analysis
Both biological respiration and fuel combustion consume oxygen in the atmosphere and emit a lot of carbon dioxide. Why didn't it lead to the obvious increase of carbon dioxide and the decrease of oxygen content in the atmosphere, which aroused students' interest in how to maintain the balance of carbon and oxygen in the atmosphere.
The oxygen evolution experiment of Ceratophyllum can be demonstrated in two steps. First, let the students observe the experiment that Ceratophyllum glomeratum emits bubbles under the light, which leads to the problem that photosynthesis can produce other substances besides organic matter, so that the students can discuss and guide them to make assumptions. Then do the experiment of gas combustion, and let the students infer that the gas released by Ceratophyllum is oxygen through the experimental results.
With regard to the teaching of photosynthetic raw materials, students can analyze Priestley's three experiments respectively, and then comprehensively consider the analysis results, and come to the conclusion that photosynthesis can not only produce oxygen, but also utilize carbon dioxide. Oxygen produced by plants can not only meet the needs of their own survival, but also be used by other organisms. It is suggested that teachers should try their best to guide students' thinking to a higher level after analyzing the three experiments. That is, teachers can ask students such questions for discussion: "Why did priestley design three experiments to reach the final conclusion?" The purpose is to help students form a comprehensive understanding of the problem. When a phenomenon is controlled by multiple factors, one factor should be studied first, and then other factors should be controlled.
Chapter two: the teaching goal of "caring for vegetation and greening the motherland"
1. Describe the main vegetation types in China and tell the main problems faced by vegetation in China.
2. Understand the vegetation status of the local area or a certain place in China by investigation.
3. Explain the significance of caring for vegetation and greening the motherland.
4. Design the campus greening scheme.
5. Form the consciousness of loving and protecting green, and actively participate in the activities of greening the motherland.
Important and difficult
Key points: understand the significance of caring for vegetation and greening the motherland, and actively participate in activities to beautify the motherland.
Difficulties: arouse students' sense of crisis and arouse their awareness of protecting and loving green.
Time allocation
2 class hours
Textbook analysis
The teaching focus of this chapter is not the knowledge goal. The main task of teaching is to help students understand the significance of caring for vegetation and greening the motherland on the basis of understanding the main vegetation types and existing problems in China, form a sense of loving and protecting green, and actively participate in greening the motherland.
In order to achieve this goal, we must organize three student activities: investigation, design and extracurricular practice. These three activities are of great significance to the cultivation of emotion, attitude and values and the training of related skills, and should be carefully organized and implemented. Special attention should be paid to cultivating students' practical ability and innovative spirit in the activities.
This chapter is the last chapter of this textbook, which is near the end of the term. The listed survey and design activities are conducive to the development of students' comprehensive literacy, and also provide convenience for teachers to evaluate students' academic performance. Therefore, evaluation should be considered in teaching implementation.
Teachers can organize students to learn vegetation types by themselves. For example, through videos and slides, let students know about various vegetation types and describe their characteristics. Show the changes of vegetation in China (or a certain area or hometown) from a dynamic perspective, and provide other materials for students to discuss the main problems faced by vegetation resources in China. You can make a horizontal comparison (by observing the vegetation distribution maps of various countries, let students roughly calculate and compare the per capita green space or forest area between China and other countries, or the per capita green space or forest area in different parts of China) or make a vertical comparison (by calculating and comparing the per capita green space or forest area in China in different periods since the founding of the People's Republic of China). Or organize students to write and read small papers and hold small debates to understand the severity of vegetation destruction in China and arouse students' sense of crisis and protection.
Chapter 3: Teaching objectives of air quality and health.
1. Describe the impact of air quality on human health.
Try to understand the local air quality.
Teaching focus
1. Understand the air by collecting and analyzing data.
2. What are the effects of quality on human health?
3. Understand the local air quality, and put forward opinions and suggestions for the existing problems.
Teaching preparation
1. Teacher: Instruct students to collect information about the relationship between air quality and human health before class; Instruct students to investigate the smoking situation of family members; Prepare information about the dangers of smoking.
2. Students: Investigate the smoking situation of family members; Collect relevant information.
Class assignment 2 class hours
teaching process
1. Introduce a new lesson
Recall the last lesson and answer the questions.
Review question: How do you do breathing exercises?
Introduction: We breathe all the time, more than 20,000 times a day, and air quality directly affects people's health.
2. Air quality affects human health.
2. 1 data release
2. 1. 1 Several students went to the podium and published the collected information about the impact of air quality on human health. The rest of the students listened and expressed surprise at the information, which moved them.
Before class, students collect relevant information through various channels and instruct them to publish this information in class.
2. 1.2 Read the data analysis of textbooks P52 ~ 53 and discuss the problems in groups. Students represent the opinions of their classmates and other students in the group supplement them.
Guide reading, organize and participate in students' discussion, analysis, evaluation and encouragement.
data analysis
2. 1.4 Tell the survey results. Understand the harm of smoking through communication and analysis.
Before class, organize students to investigate the smoking situation of family members and calculate the smoking account for parents.
Guide students to realize the harm of smoking.
Analyze the data and ask: Smoking is harmful to health. Why do people still smoke?
Group members expounded their views on smoking and put forward feasible strategic plans.
2. 1.5 display the information about the harm of smoking in the newspaper, guide students to exchange and discuss, and carry out health education for students.
2.2 Under the guidance of teachers, exchange and talk about the countermeasures to control sandstorms.
Show the data of sandstorm, let students know the harm of sandstorm to human body, and educate students on environmental protection.
2.2. 1 Combined with the principle of intrapulmonary gas exchange, understand the causes of gas poisoning and improve the awareness of prevention.
Tell the principle of gas poisoning, strengthen students' awareness of prevention and improve their ability to deal with problems.
3. Understand the local air quality
Read the questions and solve the questions under the guidance of the teacher.
An exploration plan to guide students to read textbooks, so that students can master the basic methods of scientific inquiry through reading.
Discussion on the collection and measurement of dust particles in the air and its methods
Strengthen understanding and further understand the methods and steps of inquiry.
Show the inquiry steps and put forward the matters needing attention in the inquiry.
Summary and practice
Talk about the improvement of knowledge and ability learned through this class in your own language. Discuss how to finish the exercises after class.
After-class inquiry
After class, the team members will collect and measure the dust particles in the local air, and announce and exchange the results.
Organize division of labor, emphasize matters needing attention in activities, participate in exchanges and evaluate student activities.
extracurricular activities
Obtain local air quality information from relevant departments, understand local air quality problems, and put forward some feasible improvement suggestions.
Organize students to carry out extracurricular activities, so that students can get in touch with society and understand society. Through activities, improve students' environmental awareness and enhance students' health awareness.
Chapter Four: Gender and Gender Decision 1. Talking about teaching material analysis.
Gender is a special characteristic, and there is always a sense of mystery among students, which naturally becomes a topic of interest to students. The arrangement of this section can meet the needs of students for sex determination and gender genetic knowledge. In addition, there are still some people who prefer boys to girls in society, and it is not uncommon for mothers to be left out and accused by their families when giving birth to girls. Through the study of this section, students can understand and treat the problems of boys and girls scientifically, and I hope teachers can infiltrate this spirit in teaching.
The teaching content of this section is not difficult and there is plenty of time. It is necessary to arrange students' activities properly so that students can draw more conclusions through their own observation, thinking, analysis and discussion.
Regarding the differences between male and female chromosomes, the textbook has compiled a chromosome sequence diagram of male and female pairing. Teachers can ask questions, arrange students to observe carefully, and find out the differences in chromosome composition between men and women.
Second, talk about teaching objectives
Knowledge goal: explain that the gender difference of people is determined by sex chromosomes;
Ability goal: explain equal opportunities for boys and girls;
Emotional goal: treat the problem of having boys and girls with a scientific attitude.
Third, talk about the difficulties in teaching.
Teaching emphasis: explain that human gender differences are determined by sex chromosomes;
Teaching difficulties: explain equal opportunities for boys and girls;
With the new curriculum concept, facing all students, cultivate students' desire and ability of lifelong learning, advocate inquiry learning, and improve students' biological science literacy, that is, cultivate the essential biological science literacy of ordinary citizens, rather than cultivate the literacy of biological scientists, so as to guide teaching behavior. Sex and sex determination belong to the category of biological heredity and variation. This lesson focuses on the way of human sex determination and the principle of giving birth to boys and girls. The basis for me to determine the focus of teaching is: taking students as the main body and linking classroom with daily life. In previous courses, students have learned about the phenomena of heredity and variation of organisms and the material basis of heredity. This course focuses on analyzing the laws of human sex inheritance from the level of human sex chromosomes. In addition, based on the ideological tendency of the patriarchal society, the responsibility of giving birth to boys and girls is pushed to women, which leads to many tragedies. This is closely related to people's lives and is also a topic of interest to students. I need to understand scientific truth through teaching, which is the basis for me to establish the key points. The principle of having boys and girls is a fault in knowledge connection, which is sudden, abstract and difficult to understand, so it is established as a difficult point, which can be broken through students' game activities in teaching.
Fourth, talk about the teaching process.
1, about the tutorial:
Introduction with questions: "The difference between men and women is a common phenomenon in nature. People are male and female, and so are many animals and plants. So, do you want to know the way of human sex determination? Do you want to know the secret of having boys and girls? " Guide in this way to stimulate students' interest.
2. New lesson:
The teaching in this section begins with understanding the wall chart, matching chromosomes and finding the similarities and differences between male and female chromosomes, and then leads to the concept of "sex chromosome". Through group games between male and female students, we can understand the determination mode of human sex and the characteristics of sex ratio. Then guide students to analyze the census data in China, find problems, get interested in the balance of male and female ratio, and explore why the probability of having boys and girls in natural state is 1: 1.
3. Student activities:
In order to encourage students to take the initiative to participate, actively cooperate, be diligent in hands-on, be willing to explore and experience the process of acquiring knowledge, an activity link is designed, in which teachers announce the rules of the game in pairs, make cards and randomly select them to simulate the game of having boys and girls at home. Each group counts the gender ratio of men and women and reports to the whole class. Teachers' itinerant guidance, according to the principle of combining hands and brains in learning activities, designs thinking questions to inspire students to think: Is there a relationship between the principle of this activity and the mystery of having boys and girls? B Some people think that the responsibility of having boys and girls lies entirely with women. Do you think this idea is scientific? Reveal the natural law of human gender inheritance through student activities. Of course, from the statistical results of a class, there are not enough samples to scientifically reflect the sex ratio. Teachers can quote the total number of students in the whole grade or several classes, which is more convincing. Even extended to the national population.
4. Make full use of educational resources:
In order to cultivate students' abilities of observation, analysis and generalization and language expression, the data of five censuses in Chinese mainland since the founding of the People's Republic of China are listed on a small blackboard. Teachers guide students to observe and compare carefully, and inspire students to analyze the common characteristics of previous censuses realistically. Try to explain the reason for this feature.
5. Transfer and sublimation of knowledge:
The new curriculum pays attention to individual differences and creates opportunities for students at different levels of development, so the following questions are designed:
A Will people's ideas and medical technology affect the ratio of men to women?
B will the imbalance between men and women have a negative impact on society? Leave space for students to think, imagine and learn independently.