During the reign of Zongshen, Su Shi served as the foreign minister of Zubu, and sought a diplomatic post because he opposed Wang Anshi's new law. He worked as a judge in Hangzhou and knew Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. Later, he was demoted to Huangzhou for writing a poem "slandering the imperial court". At that time, Zhezong was a bachelor of Hanlin, and once knew Hangzhou, Yingzhou and other places. , a former does history. Later, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou. He died in Changzhou in the second year after returning to the North. Chasing Wen Zhong in Southern Song Dynasty. Being of the same clan as my father and brother, they are collectively called "Three Sows". Politically, it belongs to the old party, but it also has the requirements of reform shortcomings. Wang Yang is one of the "Eight Masters" in Tang and Song Dynasties. His articles are bold and fluent. His poems are fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggerated metaphors and unique in artistic expression. A few poems can also reflect the sufferings of the people and accuse the rulers of extravagance and arrogance. The bold and unconstrained writing has a great influence on later generations. "Nian Nujiao, Red Cliff Nostalgia" and "Shui Diao Ge Tou, Ice Dust Mid-Autumn Festival" are widely circulated. He is good at running script and regular script. He studied under Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, and he can find a new way. The end of the pen is ups and downs, naive. Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei are also called "Song Sijia". He can draw bamboo, learn literature and like making strange stones. On painting, he advocates "spirit likeness" and thinks that "on painting, it is similar in shape and adjacent to children"; He spoke highly of the artistic attainments of "painting in poetry and poetry in painting". His poems include Seven Chapters of Dongpo and so on. There are some books that survive in the world, such as Teacher Xie's Essays, Several Sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor, and Huangzhou Cold Food Poems. His paintings include "Strange Trees and Stones" and "Bamboo Stones".
Su Shi was a writer, painter and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty in China. Zi yue Zhan, no Dongpo lay man. A native of Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan) in the Song Dynasty. His father, Su Xun, and his younger brother, Su Zhe, are both famous writers in ancient times, and they are called "Su San" in the world. Jiayou Jinshi, Ren Fengxiang signed a sentence, advocating the elimination of drawbacks. Zongshen opposed the political reform, but in Mizhou and Xuzhou, he fought floods and destroyed locusts, helped the poor and saved the orphans, and made many achievements. Later, he demoted Huangzhou by "slandering the imperial court". Zhezong was a bachelor of Hanlin at that time and knew Hangzhou, Ying, Yang and Ding. Huizong was pardoned for the first time. Poetry, ci and prose all represent the highest achievements of Northern Song literature.
Su Shi's poems mostly express the feelings of bumpy career, but also reflect the sufferings of people's livelihood and expose the darkness of reality. The poetic style is bold and fresh, especially in metaphor. Also known as "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian.
Su Shi's ci has a wide range of themes, such as remembering the past, giving a reply, seeing off and reasoning, which also breaks through the strict rhythm and promotes the development of ci. Representative works include Nian Nujiao and Shuidiao Tou. , created the uninhibited ci, and Xin Qiji called "Su Xin".
Wang Yang's argumentative essay in Su Shi's prose is arbitrary and the narrative structure is rigorous and clear. For example, The Collection of Shi Zhongshan and The Collection of He Fangting are all works with the same fame as The Fu on the Red Wall and The Fu on the Later Red Wall. Also known as "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, he is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Literary thoughts emphasize "doing something and not doing something", advocating nature, getting rid of bondage, and "innovating in statutes and putting wonderful reasons outside the bold". After joining the promotion, Huang Tingjian and Qin Guan went out.
Su Shi is also good at regular script, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang. He studied under the famous scholars of Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and became his own family with Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi as his teachers. Ziyun: "I can't have published a book"; There is another cloud: "Be innovative and don't practice the ancients." Huang Tingjian said: "In his early years, his pen was refined, not as natural as his boss"; Another cloud said, "When I arrived in Huangzhou, my pen was very strong." In his later years, he was influenced by overseas storms. In addition, his knowledge, mind and knowledge are outstanding everywhere, and his life has been ups and downs. His calligraphy style is rich and naive. You can imagine that he is a person by looking at his calligraphy. People and books respect each other. At that time, his brothers, sons and nephews, You, Mai and Guo, as well as his friends and Zhao Lingzhi studied under him. Later, historical celebrities such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong and Lu You, as well as Wu Kuan in Ming Dynasty and Zhang Zhidong in Qing Dynasty also learned from him, which shows the great influence.
Su Shi painted bamboo with ink in his paintings, which is more concise than literature and has the tendency of dancing. Mi Fei said that he "made ink bamboo, from the ground to the top. I asked: Why not divide it into sections? Say: When bamboo is born, why is it born one by one? " He is also good at making ancient trees and strange rocks. Mi Fei also said: Make dead branches and entangle them for no reason; The stone is hard, and it is strange and unreasonable, such as the depression in its chest. "It can be seen that his paintings are very whimsical. His theory of painting and calligraphy is outstanding and his painting theory has far-reaching influence. For example, attaching importance to the likeness of spirit, advocating the feelings beyond painting, painting should have sustenance, opposing the similarity of form and the limitation of procedure, advocating the unity of poetry and painting, artistry and freshness, and clearly putting forward the concept of "literati painting", which laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of "literati painting". The existing books include Huangzhou Cold Food Poem, Cliff Ode, Thank the Teacher's Paper and several essays in Sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor. The surviving paintings are "Ancient Wood and Strange Stone"; The Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Scroll discovered in recent years is also his work. Poems include "Seven Chapters of Dongpo" and "Dongpo Yuefu". [Qing] There is a collection of notes on Su Wenzhong's Gong poems.
Yang Wanli (1 127— 1206) was born in Jishui (now Jiangxi). When he was young, his family was poor, and Shaoxing entered the Jinshi in twenty-four years (1 154). He used to be a doctor in Taichang and a bachelor in Baomoge. And Zhai Chengji.
Yang Wanli's poetry creation has generally experienced the transition from imitation to self-integration. Thirty-two years ago in Shaoxing, he studied the style of Jiangxi school, and this poem was later burned by him. From then on, in the fourth year of Xichun (1 177), his poetic style changed. During this period, on the one hand, he studied and discussed the philosophical thoughts of Neo-Confucianism from Zhang Jun and Zhang Wei, and at the same time, he moved his opinions from his daily life to his literary creation. He said in the poem "Tang Deming builds a Zhai": "I have been a thorn in my side all my life, and later I learned that there are no children like this. I am sweating and laughing at the river. " This attitude of despising books and attaching importance to daily life has become an opportunity for his poetic style to change. Among the more than 700 poems in Jianghu Collection, some draw lessons from Chen Shidao's Five Laws, Wang Anshi's Seven Verses and Tang Dynasty's quatrains, and some are humorous and frivolous, such as:
The silence of spring is because I don't want a long stream of water, and the shadow reflected on the water is like sunny days and breezes. The delicate lotus flower bud shows a sharp corner from the water, and a naughty little dragonfly stands on its head. ("Little Pool")
Plums taste very sour, and after eating, the residual acid is still between the teeth; The banana is growing, and the green is against the screen. Spring goes to summer, and the days are long and tired. After a nap, I feel depressed and watch the children play with catkins in the air. (one of the two quatrains of taking a nap in early summer)
Five years after Xi Chun, the unique style of Yang Wanli's poems was basically formed, and his poetic view was basically mature. The preface to the collection of Jingxi said, "If you suddenly realize something, you will politely refuse the Tang people. Wang (An Shi), Chen (being a teacher) and the Jiangxi princes are afraid to learn, and then they will be happy." ..... Just give me a few songs, nothing is more rolling than the day before. "Moreover, at this time," leaving the garden to climb the ancient city to pick chrysanthemums, climbing flowers and bamboo, and offering poems ",writing poems is very smooth. This view, which attaches great importance to observing nature and drawing materials from daily life, is a powerful counterattack against Jiangxi poets' previous poetic theories such as "taking the fetus as the bone" and "turning iron into gold".
The formation of "Chengzhai style" not only attaches importance to obtaining novel and vivid materials from nature and daily life, but also needs transcendental mind and philosophical thinking; While the poet is enthusiastically involved in nature and daily life, he must also jump out to observe and understand the philosophy of life contained in it calmly and rationally, so that the poems written in this way are full of vitality of nature and life and rational interest, such as the following poems:
Don't say that there is no difficulty coming down from the mountain, which makes the climbers happy in vain. Just entering the chaotic mountain circle, one mountain releases another. (Five of Six Poems of Song Yuanchen Boiling Paint Shop)
If you can't find traces of spring, don't read poetry. The willow gull next to the leaf warbler and the grass next to it are greener and deeper every day. (One of "Duyang Toure")
Pour a glass or two of beer before the ship door closes and opens. No one looked at the wrinkled mountains, and they were all picked away by the sunset. (The third of three poems about crossing the Xie Tan)
In addition, such as "the lotus leaf in the sky is infinitely colorful, and the lotus flower reflects the sun in different colors" ("Seeing the Woods in Jingci Temple"), "There is no way to turn in the stream, and suddenly there are one or two plum blossoms" ("Returning from the Night Rain"), "Seeing the first lotus flower in the green duckweed pond" ("Going to Jianchang") and so on. Second, we should pay attention to the integration of our own subjective knowledge and experience into these scenes, so as to make them have a unique sense of interest, that is, the so-called "why there are new sentences unless they are different in their chests" ("Shu Yan closes the door with Zhang Zhiyun as a gift and thanks"), which is the product of his introduction of Neo-Confucianism and Zen experience into poetry.
"Chengzhai Style" is characterized by natural and fluent language and lively humor.
Because Yang Wanli's poems mainly describe ordinary natural scenery and daily life, in order to express the vitality and life experience in his heart, that kind of vulgar or too elegant language will hinder what he wants to express, so he does not work hard on the language form, but strives to pursue some meaning outside the language form, as he himself said: "The old man is not looking for poetry, but poetry is looking for the old man."
Specifically, first of all, most of Yang Wanli's poems are syntactically complete and coherent, with few intermittent splicing and jumping connections, surpassing Jiangxi Poetry School and inheriting the language style formed by Song, European and Soviet poems since May; Secondly, it is to apply natural spoken language and spoken language to poetry, so that poetry can be as lively as daily conversation, and achieve novel, vivid, brisk and interesting effects.
Yang Wanli's poems rarely reflect the broad social life, but although there are few such poems, some of them are well written. For example, "Compassion for Peasants" is about the hardships of peasants' hard life. And "the first four quatrains of Huaihe River" is about what he saw and thought when he went to the State of Jin, which can also arouse readers' rich feelings, such as the third song:
Ships on both sides of the strait are running backwards, drifting with the flow, and it is difficult to negotiate. Only the Oulu in the sky can be seen freely, flying freely between the north and south shores.
Generally speaking, wit, liveliness and humor are the obvious advantages of Yang Wanli's poems, but at the same time, his poems rarely show a sharp and profound feeling of life (in this respect, he is not as good as Huang Tingjian), so most of them are mainly trivial materials and lack great courage.
Some poems are rough and slippery, which makes people feel shallow and tasteless; Occasionally, I have pedantic habits and go back to the old road of Jiangxi School. But after all, he created a new poetic style, which is unmatched by poets who blindly imitate the ancients. After Yang Wanli broke the shadow of Jiangxi Poetry School, some poets wanted to find another way out of Jiangxi Poetry School and lacked original talent, so they found other ancient poets to follow suit, as if they had walked out of one cell and entered another, but they were not as free as Yang Wanli.
References:
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Respondent: Huangfuying-Tongsheng Grade 1 3-29 10: 19.
Yang Wanli (1 127 ~ 1206) was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word ting xiu. Jizhou Jishui (now Jiangxi) people. In the twenty-fourth year of Shaoxing (1 154), he was a scholar, and was awarded the title of Ganzhou secretariat to join the army. Later, he was transferred to Lingling County, Yongzhou (now Hunan). At this time, Zhang Jun, a famous Southern Song Dynasty star, lived in Yongzhou and encouraged Yang Wanli to learn "sincerity", so he named his library "Chengzhai" and was called Mr. Chengzhai by the world.
In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162), Xiaozong ascended the throne and Zhang Jun was re-employed. Yang Wanli was recommended as a professor in Lin 'an, but he was unable to go to his post because of his father's funeral. After the mourning period, I realized that Longxing Prefecture was Fengxin (now Jiangxi) county. When he was in office, it was forbidden to take bribes and won the hearts of the people. After six years on the main road (1 170), he went up to a thousand thoughts and thirty stories, stating his views on major issues such as "Jundao", "National Conditions", "Governing the Original", "Talents", "Criminal Law" and "Civil Affairs", which were highly valued by the Prime Minister and Yu, and he was recruited as a doctor. The following year, Zhang (the son of Zhang Jun), the lieutenant, was detained for opposing the appointment of Zhang Zhaofei. Yang Wanli refused to stay and wrote to urge him to uphold justice. Although Reng Zhang was demoted, Yang Wanli's words and deeds were praised by public opinion. Repeated relocation will make you a young prison. In the first year of Xichun (1 174), he was appointed as a foreign magistrate in Zhangzhou and soon changed to Changzhou. In the sixth year of Xichun, he was promoted to be the tea supervisor of Changping, Guangdong Province, and was promoted to the supervisor of the Department of Punishment in Guangdong Province. In the ninth year of Xichun, she left her job because of her mother's funeral. After serving for eleven years, he returned to Hangzhou, served as foreign minister in the official department, and was promoted to doctor. The next year, due to the earthquake, he wrote a letter to Xiaozong, urging him to "be the most urgent thing, think carefully about the strategy of preparing for the enemy", "manage the ship to seize the danger" and "enrich the country and strengthen the people". Thirteen years, moved to the Privy Council, served as Crown Prince, and recommended Zhu, Yuan Shu and other 16 talents to the Prime Minister. After moving to the secretary, there is less supervision. After the death of Emperor Gaozong, Wanli fought for Zhang Jun to enjoy the temple sacrifice, which angered Xiaozong and made him know Yunzhou (now Gao 'an, Jiangxi).
In the sixteenth year of Xichun (1 189), Guangzong acceded to the throne, and Yang Wanli was called to the DPRK as the secretary supervisor. At the end of the year, the Golden Mission sent messengers to congratulate Zheng Dan, and Wan Li was sent as a companion. There are many poems on this trip. Shao Xiyuan (1 190) sent an envoy to serve as Jiangdong transshipment assistant. At this time, Chao Yi wanted to travel to the counties in the south of the Yangtze River with iron money. He objected and refused to serve the imperial edict. Therefore, he angered the current situation and was appointed as the governor of Ganzhou. Wan Li refused to go to his post and asked to return to China. Since then, he has lived in the village for 15 years. After taking the throne, Ning Zong was called to serve in the DPRK many times, but he refused to resign. Kathy died at home in the second year (1206). On his deathbed, he wrote his last words, "My head is so big, I have no choice but to be lonely and angry", which embodies the same deep feelings of worrying about the country as Lu You's poem "Xiuer".
Poetry Creation and Poetics Yang Wanli has more than 4,200 existing poems, many of which are quite substantial. Since his first book of poetry, Jianghu Collection, he has written some works that care about national security. For example, the imperial edict of reading sin advised Xiaozong to change his strategy halfway because of frustration in resisting gold; "Tao meets turtle pavilion" expresses indignation at the rise of the party and the dismissal of Zhongliang; Therefore, I deeply regret my oath and deeply regret the patriotic minister Zhang Jun. In the winter of 16 years, Xichun was ordered to meet Jin Shi and cross Jianghuai in the north. He was filled with grief and indignation, and wrote poems, among which is the famous "Four quatrains when I first entered the Huaihe River": "It is not good for people to go to the Huaihe River when the ship leaves the Hongze River. Why is Sanggan far away, and the north of the middle stream is Tianya! " "The elders in the Central Plains don't talk empty words, and they can't bear to see Wang Ren." However, he returned to Hong and could not speak. He goes to Jiangnan once a year. The Huaihe River Basin was originally the territory of the Song Dynasty, but now the Huaihe River has become the border of the Song and Jin Dynasties, and the people north of the middle reaches, that is, Tianya and the north and south, have lost the freedom of communication. Looking back on the past, the poet is full of emotions, that is, feelings for the scene and the other side, reaching the artistic realm of "poetry is full of flavor" (Cheng Zhai's poetry talk). In addition, like "The First Mountain in the Southeast of Xuyi Army", "The white ditch outside the gap is old, and Xiao Shui moves before the Huaihe River today"; Poems in Snow Ji Xiao Deng Jinshan, such as "The end of the great river is the shame of others, and the end of the golden mountain is the sorrow of others", as well as "Crossing the Yangtze River Bridge, looking into the distance", "Crossing the Yangtze River" and "The rain shines at dusk", also show his patriotic feelings.
Yang Wanli also wrote some poems reflecting farmers' working life, such as "Zhuzhi Ci", and wrote seven poems of boatmen sailing on rainy nights: "Fortunately, the sun is warm all night, so why bother to send more remnants and drizzle?" I know Nong Li's shoes are leaking, so I have to drag my feet! "Express concern for the hard-working underclass. Ten Solutions to Ding Wei's Ci was written when he passed by Dangtu and saw Ding Wei building a river bank. The purpose is to "send Ding Wei a song to people who are repairing Ding Wei to help them", and the poem describes the benefits brought by water conservancy projects to the people in an appreciative tone. The song of transplanting rice seedlings describes the intense labor of farmers in the rain. For example, "Half an inch of barren hills are bare, and the abundance is never full" (A trip to Qiqiao Road in Fakong Town in the morning), "Taicang does not send new jade grains, but dares to slide the spoon first" (Mixing in the Back Road after Entering the City) and "pity for agriculture", "pity for drought", "sigh for agriculture" and "sigh for autumn rain" are all from different angles.
Yang Wanli's poems are very distinctive in artistic style and expression. His poems are beginners of Jiangxi Poetry School. The Preface to Jianghu Collection says: "I have written less than a thousand poems, all of which were burned in July of the year of Renwu in Shaoxing, probably in Jiangxi style." In the preface to his second collection of poems, Jing Xi Ji, he said that he studied Jiangxi first, then Chen Shidao's Five Laws and Wang Anshi's Seven Musts, and then studied the poems of the late Tang Dynasty. It was not until he was 565,438+0 years old that he "suddenly realized". Jump out of the trap of following others' footsteps, find another way and look for poetry in the face of nature: "Go back to the garden, climb the ancient city, gather together, climb over the bamboo mat and present poetry." "Gaihui refused to go, the former was not pushed, and the latter was forced." In Xu Jin's Postscript, he wrote: "I am ashamed to pass on the tradition, and the writer has his own romantic feelings." Let's rest under the hedge in Huang Chen, and Xie Tao will stand up before he leaves. Yang Wanli's poetry finally got rid of the ethos that Jiangxi poetry school was divorced from life, imitated the ancients and deliberately faked the rhythm of words, forming a unique "sincere style" that had a great influence on later generations.
The formation of Chengzhai style is related to the "living method" advocated by Yang Wanli. "Living method" was first put forward by Lv Benzhong, the author of the Sect Map of Jiangxi Poetry Society, which means "rules can be made, unpredictable and illegal" (Preface to Xia Jun's Father's Collection). Yang Wanli's "living method" also contains this meaning, but the foothold is to learn from nature. His poetry friend Zhang Yong said: "The spirit of nature is endless, and you can catch up with it immediately." How many words people know today, it is rare to live their poems first. "Yang Wanli's" living method "lies in his leaping, pursuing nature, being good at capturing fleeting and fleeting natural interests and expressing them in lively and varied languages.
Accordingly, the outstanding feature of Chengzhai style is that it is good at skillfully absorbing the characteristics and dynamics of natural scenery. For example, "Looking at the Yunshan in Axiaoxing": "Before Yoshida wants to dawn, there are always considerable peaks everywhere." However, one of the peaks suddenly grew up, and we knew it was a real mountain. "Crossing the Xinkai Lake in Baoying County": "The clouds in the sky press the water, and the waves in the lake hit the clouds back." There are no flat forest trees in the middle, so the water is too beautiful to tear. "They are all novel, lively and interesting. Not only that, the author also expresses the "vividness" of interest through the "vividness" of scenery. For example, "Passing Song Yuanchen's Paint Shop": "Mo Yan has no difficulty going down the mountain. He earned the wrong favor from pedestrians. "Just as we entered the mountains, one mountain gave up another. Most of these poems are rich in imagination, strange, vivid and interesting, and their expressions are equally vivid, with one stroke turning and one scene turning, which is dizzying.
Another feature of Chengzhai style is humor. Everything in nature, from mountains and rivers to bees and butterflies, is put into poems and written in humorous words, so that Jiang Kui has a joke that "mountains and rivers are afraid to see the king everywhere". Laugh at bees, dragonflies, children, stars and the moon, play with pens and so on. Are full of sense of humor. Some poems can also contain irony and anger in humor, such as "Looking at Jin Huashan on Hengshan Beach": "The teacher only believes in boat flow and does not make a beach map." But she was so scared that she turned the stern into the bow three times. As for "mocking Huai Feng": "Don't sweep the clear sky and fog in the north, just roll the Langtou Mountain!" Look at the ant: "How much can a micro-body get?" After a chase, the car is full! " The irony is even more obvious.
The language is simple and natural, lively and lively, and the proper choice of spoken proverbs and integration into poetry is another feature of "sincere and quick style" This is obviously a bold liberation compared with the Jiangxi school's search for uncommon classics, the use of new words, the use of dangerous rhyme and the creation of strange sentences. The Preface to Zhuzhi Songs says that the boatman is a song, which means "chanting and teasing", indicating that he has also absorbed the language form of folk songs. For example, Barry wrote about playing Fengshen: "I advise you to have a glass of wine, so why play a bad drama and shock poetry!" " Can you help me? Shohliu turned and shook his hand! "Can reflect the characteristics of the house style.
Yang Wanli was as famous as Lu You and Fan Chengda at that time. He enjoyed a high reputation in the Southern Song Dynasty and was praised by some poets in the Northern Jin Dynasty (Liu Qi's Gui Qian Zhi, Volume 8). However, Yang Wanli's poems are not as good as Lu and Fan's in content: the works that care about state affairs are far less painful than Lu You's, and the works that sympathize with people's livelihood are not as profound as Fan Chengda's, and the number is much less. Yang Wanli's main achievement is to adopt the "living method" and "follow the wind month by month". Although "Chengzhai Style" is original in conception, material selection and style, its subject matter is trivial, its realm is not very broad, and sometimes it pursues interest too much, which leads to the lack of necessary artistic generalization in some poems and appears to be hasty. Language is sometimes used indiscriminately, so that later generations have the ridicule of "being smart" and "glib". His seven-character quatrains had a great influence on Jianghu poets in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty and Guo□ and others in Qing Dynasty.
Yang Wanli's poetic theory is mainly found in Cheng Zhai Shi Hua and some prefaces. He emphasized the social function of poetry, and thought that poetry was "a tool to correct the world" (poetics), and that poetry should be made for it, which played a role in promoting the good and satirizing the evil, and could not moan without illness. In the way of expression, he attaches importance to euphemism and implication, and attaches importance to "meaning" and "taste". The "taste" of his poems not only inherits the characteristics of Si Kongtu's "verve" theory, but also is influenced by the poetic theory of Jiangxi Poetry School, and pursues "taste" without departing from "form" and "law". Of course, Yang Wanli's "law" is mainly "living law". He advocates originality and opposes the stereotype of "taste-oriented" imitation. Therefore, Yang Wanli is different from other poets of Jiangxi Poetry School. He strongly advocated the poetic style of the late Tang Dynasty and pursued the "peculiar smell of the late Tang Dynasty". When commenting on predecessors, he can also break away from the prejudice of the times and praise Du Fu, Huang Tingjian and Li Bai and Su Shi. "Preface to Jiangxi School Poetry" says: "There are four schools today, Su for Li and Huang for Du. Su Li's poems are also the wind of Ziliezi. Du Fu and Huang Zhi compose poems, and everyone's spirit rides a boat and drives a jade car. He who waits for nothing is a poet. He who waits and never waits is better than a poet. " Wonderful metaphor, often quoted by later generations. Zhai Cheng's poetry talks don't specialize in poetry, but they also have some literary theories.
Ci and Cifu "Poems of Past Dynasties" quoted Xu Qingyan's language, saying that Yang Wanli "has unique talents but no special poems, that is, his ci is also strange". He wrote 15 poems. Among them, Zhao Jun's Complaint and Song Fu Shang Ou: "I heard that Sha Ou came to stay. Little son, don't make any noise, lest you frighten him! Suddenly flew away and flew nowhere. " "I have asked to retire," and reported to Sha Ou. His poetic style is lively, fresh and interesting, which is very similar to his poetic style.
Yang Wanli's ci and fu are also quite distinctive. For example, Wu Fu is based on the tablet of Zhongxing Fu, and is as famous as Fan Chengda's Gongwa Fu in terms of criticism of Su Zong's father and son's past events and father and son. It is also of practical significance to write about Song Jun's battle to defeat the nomads from the sea and ships. Like Ouyang Xiu's and Su Shi's works, this kind of fu has got rid of the emphasis on syntax and harmony in Han Fu, rhyming with scattered momentum, and the rhyme feet are mostly before the function words, so it is smooth and natural to read.
Yang Wanli is also good at Yi-ology, and has written twenty volumes of Cheng Zhai Yi-zhuan. His views on Yi are similar to those of Cheng Yi. Because he loves to cite historical events to prove the Book of Changes, he was criticized by later scholars. However, Ji Yun and others still think that the Yi Zhuan of Cheng Zhai is indelible (Catalogue of Si Ku Quan Shu).
Zhai Chengji has 133 volumes (including Jianghu Collection, Jingxi Collection and other 10 kinds of poems, as well as articles in various styles), and there is one volume of paper money in the Song Dynasty in the four major series. In addition, there are 42 volumes of Yang Wenjie's poems, which were collected and carved by Yang Yun in Ming Dynasty during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. Cheng Zhai Yi Zhuan has 20 volumes, so it is better to expose the book pavilion to the Song edition. The volume of Zhai Cheng Shi Hua is 1, which is a continuation of the poetry talks of past dynasties.
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Yang Wanli (1 127- 1206), whose real name is Ting Xiu, is Zhai Chengren. Jishui was born in Jizhou (now Jishui County). An outstanding poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Shaoxing twenty-four years (1 154), a scholar. He was awarded the position of a layman in Ganzhou and later transferred to Lingling County in Yongzhou, where he met Zhang Jun in exile and was encouraged and taught. After Xiaozong acceded to the throne, Zhang Jun entered the phase and recommended Wanli as a professor at Lin 'an Prefecture. Before his appointment, he was mourned by his father, and after his service, he changed his knowledge to Fengxin County. Avenue for six years (1 170), served as Dr. Guo Zi, started as a Beijing official, and soon moved to Taichang City, where he was transferred to a juvenile prison. In the first year of Xichun (1 174), it was announced that Zhangzhou was known and Changzhou was known. In six years, he raised tea and salt in Changping, Guangdong Province, suppressed the Shen Shi Rebel Army and was promoted to a prison in Guangdong Province. Soon, his mother lost his job, and he was recalled to the official department and promoted to a doctor. In May of the 12th year (1 185), he wrote a letter in response to the earthquake, telling ten things about current politics, and urging Xiao Zonggu to consider urgent matters and prepare for the enemy skillfully. He resolutely opposed some people's suggestions of abandoning Huai River and surrendering to the Yangtze River, and advocated selecting talents and actively preparing for war. The following year, he served as a detailed inspector of the Privy Council and a servant of the prince. Fourteen years (1 187), I moved to a secretary with less supervision. When Emperor Gaozong collapsed, Wanli accused Hong Mai of "referring to the deer as a horse" for Zhang Jun's due enjoyment of the temple sacrifice, which annoyed Xiao Zong and made him know about Yunzhou (now Gao 'an, Jiangxi). Guangzong acceded to the throne and was called secretary supervisor. Shao Xiyuan (1 190), was appointed as an ambassador and reviewer of Jin Guohe. Finally, because Xiaozong was dissatisfied with him, it was an agreement of Jiangdong transshipment. The imperial court will spend iron money in the counties in the south of the Yangtze River. Wanli thought it was inconvenient, refused to serve the imperial edict and changed to Ganzhou. Wanli saw that his ambition could not be displayed, refused to go to his post, and begged for a temple official (no actual official position, only receiving a temple post is equivalent to retirement) and returned. Since then, he has never been an official again. He was called to Beijing several times, but he resigned. In the second year of his reign (1206), he hated Han Zhou for playing politics and making mistakes in the country, and died angrily. The official finally became a "literary festival".
Yang Wanli advocated the war of resistance all his life and opposed kneeling and surrendering. In many books, strategies and articles he gave to the emperor, he lamented Chen Jiazhi's illness many times, strongly criticized the mistake of surrender, and his patriotism was beyond words. He is an honest official and tries his best not to disturb the people. At that time, the poet Ji Xu praised him as "clear as water, poor with gold" ("Vote for Yang Chengzhai"). After the completion of the Jiangdong transfer agreement, he should have had a large sum of money, but he abandoned it in the official treasury and did not return a penny. He is open-minded, outspoken, critical and reckless, so he can never be of great use. In fact, he didn't work hard as an official. When he was an official in Beijing, he was always ready to lose his official position. So, he prepared his way home from Hangzhou in advance, locked it in a box and hid it in his bedroom. His family was not allowed to buy anything, for fear that his luggage would be cumbersome when he left his post and returned home. Later, during the fifteen years when Han Zhou was in power, Han Xinjian Nanyuan asked him to write a "record" and promised to reward senior officials. Wan Li insisted on not doing it, saying that "officials can be abandoned and' recording' can't be done." To stop a few things, you can imagine him as a person. Ge, a poet, boasts "a backbone like a stone" (see Collection of Sages in Southern Song Dynasty). Ge Wu Huai Ji), this is not a beautiful word.
Yang Wanli was an outstanding poet in the Southern Song Dynasty and had a great influence at that time. His poems are on a par with those of Lu You, Fan Chengda and You Mao, and are called "the four great poets in the Southern Song Dynasty". At first, he imitated Jiangxi Poetry School. Later, he realized the shortcomings of Jiangxi Poetry School, such as the difficulty in pursuing form. In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162), he burned thousands of representative poems and decided to jump out of the trap of Jiangxi poetry school and find another way. In the preface of Jing Xi Ji, he once recalled his own creative path: "His poems began to learn from the philosophers in Jiangxi, as well as the five-character law of Houshan (Chen Shidao), the seven-character quatrains of an old man in the Mid-Levels (Wang Anshi) and the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty. ..... When I was writing a poem during the Reform Movement of 1898, I suddenly realized that it was afraid to learn to politely refuse the Tang people and Wang, Chen and Jiangxi gentlemen, and then I was so happy. " He also made it very clear in his poem: "I am ashamed to pass on the story, and the writer has his own romantic feelings." Huang (Tingjian) and Chen (Shidao) rested under the fence, while Tao (Qian) and Xie (Lingyun) stood out. (Xu's Postscript to Recent Work in the Province (3)) It is precisely because he did not follow others' heels, leaned against others' fences, and did not dare to turn around and innovate that he finally formed his own poetic style and named it "Chengzhai Style". It promoted the change of poetic style at that time.
Yang Wanli is knowledgeable and talented. His works are eclectic and varied, including "Returning to the Division with a Thousand Troops, Overturning the Three Gorges, Piercing the Heavenly Heart and Piercing the Moon Cave". There is also a gesture that writes about people's feelings, which is readily available, but can write beautiful lyrics. The poetic style is simple and natural, ingenious in conception, humorous, fresh and lively, with strong artistic appeal. He also paid great attention to learning the advantages of folk songs and absorbed a lot of vivid oral proverbs in his poems. Therefore, his works are often "slang sayings, from the mouth" (Jiang Hongao's "Han Tang Poetry"), giving people a simple and natural feeling. Such as: "the bright moon shines on Kyushu, and several families are happy and several are sad; If you are worried about nailing people to the moon, you have to have a rest and have a rest. " (Song of Zhi Zhu) is a completely blurted out folk song, which reflects his achievements in learning folk songs.
Some of Yang Wanli's existing poems directly express his patriotic feelings and concern for current politics. In particular, when he was the escort of Ambassador He of the State of Jin, he crossed the Huaihe River for the first time and went north to meet the ambassador. He saw with his own eyes that the great rivers and mountains of the Song Dynasty fell into the hands of the Jin people, and the Huaihe River became the northern boundary of the Southern Song Dynasty. People of the same flesh and blood on both sides of the strait can't travel freely, and they have written many patriotic poems, such as: "People are not happy to go to the Huaihe River when the ship is away from the beach of Hongze; Why is Sanggan far away, and the north of the middle stream is the end of the world! " "Ships on both sides of the strait are running backwards, and it is difficult to negotiate the wave standard. Only the gull heron flies freely from north to south. " (The first time I entered the Huaihe River) When I passed by the Jinshan in Zhenjiang, I saw that the picturesque pavilion in Jinshan had become a place dedicated to making tea for the golden envoy, and I wrote indignantly: "Dajiang is ashamed of others! The poem "Golden Mountain Worries for Others" ("Snow Ji Xiao Deng Jin Mountain") profoundly lashed the humiliating little court in the Southern Song Dynasty. In addition, there are "Crossing the Yangtze River", "Reading Your Guilt", Zhang Weigong's poems, Prime Minister Yu's poems, Jiang Gang's two poems, Qin Taishi's tomb and Su Mu Niu Ting's ancestral temple. , or miss home country, or call for the war of resistance and national rejuvenation, or praise the generals who died against the enemy, or satirize traitors.
Some of his poems also reflect the life of working people, expressing his concern for people's livelihood and sympathy for working people. Such as Compassion for Peasants, Looking at Crops, Peasants' Sigh, Autumn Rain Sigh, Compassion for Drought, Songs of Bamboo Branches, Songs of Transplanting Rice, etc. , with high ideological and artistic. But the latter two kinds of works are few.
Most of Yang Wanli's existing poems are lyrical and entertaining works praising Yue. Some themes in this part of the works are too detailed, lacking a high degree of artistic generalization and superficial. But he also has many lyric poems, which are interesting and touching because of careful observation, vivid description and sincere feelings. For example, "Plum teeth are sour and soft, and bananas are divided into green screens. I slept for a long time and thought mercilessly, watching children catch willow branches. " (Take a nap in early summer) "Fog on the other side of the river"