A typical suspension structure consists of elastic elements, guiding mechanisms and shock absorbers, while a single structure also includes buffer blocks and lateral stabilizer bars. [ 1]
Figure 1 shock absorber
Elastic element: bear vertical load, reduce and restrain vibration and impact caused by uneven road surface. The elastic elements mainly include leaf spring, spiral spring, torsion bar spring, air spring and rubber spring.
Guiding mechanism: it transmits force and torque and plays a guiding role at the same time. In the process of driving, the trajectory of the wheels can be controlled.
Shock absorber: As shown in figure 1, it is the main component that produces damping force, and its function is to quickly attenuate the vibration of the car, improve the riding comfort of the car and enhance the adhesion between the wheel and the ground. In addition, the shock absorber can reduce the dynamic load of the car body and prolong the service life of the car. At present, the shock absorbers widely used in automobiles are mainly cylindrical hydraulic shock absorbers, and their structures can be divided into three types: double-cylinder, single-cylinder inflatable and double-cylinder inflatable. [2]
classify
Figure 2 Dependent suspension and independent suspension
According to the different suspension structures, it can be divided into dependent and independent types; According to different control methods, it can be divided into passive, semi-active and active.
Non-independent: The structural feature of the non-independent suspension is that the wheels on both sides are connected by integral axles, and the wheels are suspended under the frame or body together with the axles through elastic suspension. Non-independent suspension has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, high strength, convenient maintenance and little change in front wheel alignment during driving. However, due to its poor comfort and handling stability, it is basically no longer used in modern cars, and is mostly used in trucks and buses.
Independent: The structural feature of independent suspension is that the wheels on both sides are independently and elastically connected with the frame or body. Independent suspension has small non-suspension mass, decoupled left and right wheels, small lateral space, easy steering of driving wheels, reduced possibility of wheel swing, and better anti-roll ability, but its structure is complex, tire wear is serious, cost is high, and maintenance is inconvenient.
Passive: Passive suspension can only passively rely on road conditions, driving conditions and elastic components of the car to reduce the impact from the road. It has the advantages of simple structure, reliable performance, low cost and no need of additional energy, but it is difficult to adapt to the ever-changing road conditions and driving conditions.
Semi-active suspension: Semi-active suspension adds a controllable force device consisting of execution, measurement and feedback control on the basis of suspension system, which can change the damping according to road conditions and driving conditions to change the size of suspension force, thus achieving the purpose of self-adaptation, which is a compromise between passive and active.
Active suspension: Active suspension adds a power source on the basis of semi-active suspension. According to the motion state and road conditions of the vehicle, different control algorithms are adopted to adjust the stiffness and damping of the suspension to make it in the best vibration reduction state. Complex structure, complex control and high cost. Thank you very much for your patience. Please adopt it if it helps. Wish you a happy life! thank you