-How to draft a good argument (1)

Subject guidance

The structural model of argumentative writing is "total-division-total", and the "division" in the middle part is the argument.

First, what is a sub-argument?

In argumentation, in order to demonstrate the central argument, we often start from different angles, sides and levels, and each side and level is a sub-argument.

Second, the role of argument.

The sub-argument is the development and explanation of the central argument and the concretization of the central argument. With sub-arguments, the organization of the article is clearer. The sub-argument is refined under the restriction of the central argument and serves the central argument. Therefore, the premise of refining sub-arguments is to establish a central argument and express it in one sentence.

Third, the requirements for writing sub-arguments are:

1. Before writing, we should carefully refine and write sub-arguments around the central argument and put them at the beginning of each paragraph.

2. Around the central argument, think from different angles, and the sub-arguments are not repeated, not included, and not crossed; The center of gravity should be accurate, closely related to the key words, and cannot be offset.

3. The number of arguments should reach the most reasonable number (three is enough); Each argument should not be too long, and the number of words should be controlled within 20 words; The number of words in each argument should be roughly the same, and the structure should be roughly similar, because such sentences are not only eye-catching, but also show your extraordinary expressive ability, and also reflect the integrity, rigor and exquisiteness of your thoughts.

Fourth, make clear the angle of writing sub-arguments.

The setting of sub-arguments is mainly carried out from three angles: "what-why-how".

(1) Angle 1: Explain the connotation. Mainly to answer questions about categories and properties. Namely: what is it?

Sentences that can be used:

1, the key word in the central argument+yes (that is) ...

2. Only ... can ...

Example 1: Central argument: Face life bravely.

Courage is the quality of wealth that cannot be lewd.

Courage is a poor and unchangeable personality.

Courage is unyielding integrity.

Example 2: Central argument: Dare to go to the plank door to get an axe.

Teaching fish to swim is a positive attitude;

Teaching others with an axe is a pioneering and innovative spirit;

Teaching fish to swim is a passion that never gives up.

Example 3: Sticking to one's conscience means sticking to one's ideals.

Chen Xiaolan risked his life to expose the hidden rules of the pharmaceutical industry. She represents the direction of the core values of this society. )

Sticking to conscience means sticking to the justice in your heart and not bowing to evil forces.

(Claim by China War Victims, Hiroshi Oshima, Head of Japanese Lawyers Group)

Sticking to conscience is to dare to take mistakes and lighten the burden of conscience.

(1970 65438+On February 7th, German Federal Chancellor Brandt fell to his knees in Warsaw, Poland, and the whole world was shocked. )

Example 4: Grasp the knowledge firmly.

Only by sticking to your conscience can you stay awake in the face of temptation.

Only by sticking to conscience can we stand the torture of conscience.

Only by sticking to conscience can we achieve the nobleness of life.

Exercise:

1. Please write a composition of not less than 800 words on the topic of "being strong". (08 Sichuan college entrance examination composition topic)

Central argument: We should be strong.

Sub-argument: strong, yes

Strong, yes.

Strong, yes.

A gust of wind blew, and a leaf fell off the branch and flew into the sky. "I can fly, I can fly." The leaves are flying and shouting, "I'm going to fly to the sky!" " "Leaves fly, fly over a tree, fly over a bird that only lives on the wire.

"Haha, I fly higher than you." The leaf said proudly to the bird.

Another gust of wind blew, and the leaves turned several times in the air and were blown into a small puddle. Then a passing cow stepped into the mud and disappeared.

A bird sighed and said to its child, "Look, if you don't rely on your own strength, the wind can blow you into the sky or into the mud." To fly, you must rely on your own strength. "

Central argument: flying depends on your own strength.

Sub-argument:

Argumentative writing refers to guiding cases.

-How to draft a good argument (2)

(2) Angle 2: Analyze the reasons and reveal the function, value and status. Mainly to answer questions about reasons and purposes. It is to take the central argument as a conclusion to trace the conditions and reasons of this conclusion. Namely: why?

Available formats: keyword+ability (ability, ability) ...

Example 1: General argument: Smile is the most beautiful symbol.

Smile is the most beautiful symbol, which can resolve the contradiction between people.

Smile is the most beautiful symbol, which can soothe people's broken hearts.

Smile is the most beautiful symbol, which can give people confidence and stimulate the spark of progress.

General argument: people should have high spirits.

Only when people are full of energy can they have an open mind.

Only when people are high-spirited, can they be eliminated, crushed, pursued and will.

Only when people are high-spirited, can they have a long-standing reputation and be immortal, and can they stand up when the country is in danger.

Exercise: 1, "Don't be too small for good"

Central argument: Happiness is a small favor. I think from the perspective of "why" and intend to write a sub-argument.

Sub-argument:

2. Please focus on the argument that "poverty is also a fortune" and write a sub-argument from the perspective of "why".

Sub-argument:

(3) Angle 3: Propose strategies. Mainly answer the problem-solving method. Namely: how about it?

Available formats: keyword+demand ...

For example 1, the title is "Love is transmitted with heart"

1. Love needs to convey the heart of love with sincerity.

2. Love needs tolerance to convey the feelings of love.

3. Love needs help to send the signal of love.

Exercise: Please write an argumentative essay or narrative of at least 800 words on the topic of "Living Poetically". (07 Hunan college entrance examination composition topic)

Central argument: people should live poetically.

Sub-argument: live poetically,

Live poetically,

Live poetically,

Argumentative writing refers to guiding cases.

-How to draft a good argument (3)

(4) questioning method: That is, refining the argument according to the questioning idea of "what-why-how".

Example: central argument: people should pay attention to manners. This method can be used to design sub-parameters:

(1) Manner is a virtue, an educated and perfect temperament and style (what is it);

2 Being gracious can earn respect from others, enhance the love between people, and help you live in harmony (why);

(3) To be graceful, we must strengthen the cultivation of moral sentiments, abandon vulgar words and deeds, and consciously cultivate good manners (how).

Exercise: central argument: learn to appreciate and refine sub-arguments by asking questions;

(5) Role decomposition method (scope, occupation, gender, region).

For example, the central argument: "Pay attention to the people around you", and write three sub-arguments.

Learn to pay attention to ordinary people in life, see their indifferent and quiet attitude towards life, and let them cultivate our young hearts.

Learn to pay attention to the poor in life and see their strong pride in maintaining dignity, and we will become stronger.

Learning to pay attention to the successful people in life and watching them shed sweat for their ideals will make us more motivated.

Exercise: 1, central argument: care about others. Introduce different characters (familiar, friends and enemies, civil and military, reclusive, rich and poor, poor, noble, intelligent and foolish, successful or unsuccessful, good or bad, frustrated and complacent, pessimistic and optimistic) into the scope of thinking, and discuss their relationship with the central argument.

For example, caring for the poor is commendable.

The love of a friend in need is more real.

Caring for strangers shows greatness.

You drafted three sub-arguments:

2. Central argument: "Know how to appreciate", and write sub-arguments with role decomposition method.

Sub-argument:

Exercise:

Read the following text and write as required.

At the land-water junction of the Antarctic continent, skating or sharp ice is everywhere. Penguins are huge, with no forearms to climb and no wings to fly. How can they get ashore from the water?

The documentary "Deep Blue" shows the penguin's landing process in detail: when it was about to land, the penguin suddenly lowered its head, plunged into the sea from the sea and tried its best to dive. The deeper you dive, the greater the struggle and buoyancy generated by seawater. Penguins dive to the right depth, then swing their feet and rise quickly, just like an arrow leaving the string jumping out of the water. Take off, land on land, and draw a perfect arc.

This kind of diving is for gaining momentum. It seems clumsy, but it is effective.

Isn't life like this? Penguin's diving principle will definitely give you some.