1960s
1969
Ragnar Ragnar Frish is a Norwegian (1895- 1973).
Dutch Jan Timbergen (1903- 1994)
They developed a dynamic model to analyze the economic process. The former is the founder of econometrics, and the latter is the father of econometric model builders.
1970s
1970
Paul samuelson, American (19 15- 2009)
He developed mathematics and dynamic economic theory and raised economic science to a new level. His research covers all fields of economics.
197 1 year
Simon Kuznets, a Ukrainian, later became an American (190 1- 1985).
He has made great contributions to the research on the relationship between population development trend, population structure and economic growth and income distribution.
1972
John R Hicks is an Englishman (1904- 1989).
Kenneth J. Arrow American (192 1-)
They deeply studied the theory of economic equilibrium and welfare.
1973
Soviet Union Wassily Leontief (1906- 1999)
Input-output method has been developed and applied to many important economic problems.
1974
Friedrich August von Hayek, Austria (1899- 1992)
Gunnar Karl Gunnar Myrdal is Swedish (1898- 1987).
They deeply studied monetary theory and economic fluctuations, and deeply analyzed the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena.
1975
Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich Soviet (19 12- 1986)
Tjalling C. Koopmans and USA (19 10- 1985)
The former established a world-famous linear programming point at 1939, while the latter successfully applied mathematical statistics to econometrics. They contributed to the theory of optimal allocation of resources.
1976
Milton milton friedman, American (19 12-2006)
Establish monetarism theory and put forward the hypothesis of permanent income.
1977
Berthier Gotthard Bertil Ohlin is Swedish (1899- 1979).
James edward meade is British (1907- 1995).
Pioneering research on international trade theory and international capital flow.
1978
Herbert simon is an American (19 16-200 1).
This paper studies the decision-making procedure in economic organizations. This basic theory about decision-making procedure is considered as an original view about the actual decision-making of companies and enterprises.
1979
William arthur lewis, a British citizen, later became an American citizen (1915-1991).
He has made great achievements in development economics, and put forward dual economic model and import and export exchange price comparison model.
Theodore schultz, American (1902- 1998).
Pioneering research has been carried out in economic development, and in-depth research has been carried out on issues that developing countries should particularly consider in economic development.
1980s
1980
Lawrence Klein, American (1920-)
Based on economic theory and empirical estimation of real data in real economy, the mathematical model of economic system is established.
198 1 year
James tobin, USA (19 18-2002)
This paper expounds and develops a series of Keynesian theories and macro models of fiscal and monetary policies. He has made important contributions to the analysis of financial markets and related expenditure decisions, employment, products and prices.
1982
George stigler is an American (191-1991).
He has made great creative contributions to the industrial structure, the role of the market and the role and influence of public economic laws and regulations.
1983
Gerard debreu, USA (192 1-2004)
Pareto optimal theory is summarized, and the existence theorem of social equilibrium of commodity economy is established.
1984
Richard Si Tong Si Tong is an Englishman (1913-1991).
The father of national economic statistics has made a fundamental contribution to the development of the national accounts system and greatly improved the foundation of economic empirical analysis.
1985
Franco Modigliani (19 18-)
The first one put forward the life cycle hypothesis of savings. This assumption has been widely used in the study of household and enterprise savings.
1986
James McGill Buchanan II American (19 19-)
Combining the analysis of political decision with economic theory, economic analysis can be extended and applied to the choice of social, political, laws and regulations.
1987
Robert solow is an American (1924-).
Contribute to the theory of economic growth. It is pointed out that long-term economic growth mainly depends on technological progress, rather than the input of capital and labor.
1988
Maurice Alaez is French (19 1 1-).
He has made pioneering contributions to the market theory and the effective utilization of resources. Thirdly, the general equilibrium theory is systematically expounded.
1989
Trygve haavelmo is Norwegian (191-1999).
Established the basic guiding principles of modern econometrics.
1990s
1990
Merton miller, American (1923-2000)
Harry Marcovitz, American (1927-)
William sharpe, American (1934-)
They have done pioneering work in financial economics.
199 1 year
Ronald coase, UK (19 10-)
Reveals and clarifies the importance of transaction costs and property rights in the structure and function of the economic system.
1992
Gary becker is an American (1930-).
Expand the theory of microeconomics to the analysis of human behavior, including non-market economic behavior.
1993
Douglass C. North, USA (1920-)
Robert fogel is an American (1926-).
The former established the "institutional change theory" including property right theory, state theory and ideology theory. The latter reinterprets the past economic development process with new economic history theory and mathematical tools.
1994
Johnf nash American Jr. (1928-)
John Hasani is an American (1920- 2000).
Reinhard Zelten, German (1930-)
These three mathematicians have made pioneering contributions to the equilibrium analysis theory of non-cooperative games and exerted great influence on game theory and economics.
1995
Robert Lucas, Jr., American (1937-)
Advocated and developed the application theory of rational expectation and macroeconomic research, deepened people's understanding of economic policy, and put forward unique views on economic cycle theory.
1996
James Mirrlees, England (1936-)
William Vickrey is an American (19 14- 1996).
The former has made great contributions to the theoretical field of information economics, especially to the economic incentive theory under asymmetric information. The latter has made great contributions to information economics, incentive theory and game theory.
1997
Robert merton is an American (1944-).
American Miron Scholes (194 1-)
The former further weakens the assumption on which the Black-Scholes formula depends and extends it in many aspects. The latter gives the famous Black-Scholes option pricing formula, which becomes the thinking method of financial institutions involving new financial products.
1998
Amartya Sen? ) Indians (1933-)
He made contributions to several major issues of welfare economics, including the theory of social choice, the definition of welfare and poverty standards, and the study of scarcity.
1999
Robert mundell is a Canadian (1923-).
His analysis of monetary and fiscal policies under different exchange rate systems and the most suitable currency circulation areas won him this honor.
2000 s
In 2000,
James Heikman (1944) was born in Chicago, USA, and studied at Colorado College. 197 1 received a doctorate in economics from Princeton university. Now he is a professor at the University of Chicago.
Daniel McFadden was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA on 1937, and studied at the University of Minnesota. 1962 received his doctorate from the University of Minnesota. He is currently a professor at the University of California, Berkeley.
In the field of microeconomics, they have developed theories and methods widely used for empirical analysis of individual and family behaviors.
200 1 year
George akerlof was born in 1940 and is a professor at the University of California, Berkeley.
A Michael Spencer was born in 1943 and is a professor at Stanford University in California.
Joseph stiglitz was born in 1943, and is a professor at Columbia University in new york, USA.
It lays the foundation for the general theory of asymmetric information market. Their theory was quickly applied, from the traditional agricultural market to the modern financial market. Their contribution comes from the core of modern information economics.
In 2002
Daniel Kahneman was born in 1934. He is a professor of psychology and public affairs at Princeton University.
Vernon L. Vernon Smith, born in 1927, is a professor of economics and law at George Mei Sen University.
Traditionally, economic research is mainly based on the assumption that people are driven by their own interests and can make rational decisions. For a long time, economics has been generally regarded as an empirical science that depends on practical observation, or a speculative philosophy based on deduction and reasoning methods, rather than an experimental science that is tested in a controllable laboratory. However, the current economic research pays more and more attention to the revision and testing of the premise hypothesis of basic economic theory, and relies more and more on the data obtained in the laboratory rather than from the field. This kind of research originates from two completely different fields that are merging with each other at present: one is the field of analyzing and studying human judgment and decision-making behavior with cognitive psychology; The other is to test or examine the unknown or uncertain fields predicted according to economic theory through laboratory experiments. Kahneman and Smith are pioneers in these two research fields. Kahneman, because of his fruitful combination of psychoanalytic methods and economic research, laid the foundation for creating a new field of economic research. His main research achievement is to discover the uncertainty of human decision-making, that is, he found that human decision-making is often very different from the prediction made according to the hypothesis of standard economic theory. He cooperated with the late amos tversky and put forward the expectation theory, which can better explain human behavior.
In 2003
Clive granger? (Clive W.J. Granger) 1934 was born in Swansea, Wales, England, and is now a British citizen. From 65438 to 0959, he received his Ph.D. from the University of Nottingham, England, and is now an honorary professor of economics at the University of California, San Diego.
Robert F. Engle III was born in Syracuse, new york, USA on 1942. 1969 received his Ph.D. from Cornell University and is now a professor of financial service management at new york University.
They used two new methods to analyze economic time series, namely "changing with time" and "* * * the same trend", which brought great influence to economic research and economic development. When researchers measure relationships, make predictions and test hypotheses in economic theory, they often use data in the form of time series, that is, observation periods arranged in time. This time series shows the evolution of GDP, price, interest rate and stock price. In 1980s, two winners invented a new statistical method to deal with two key attributes in many economic time series: time-varying variability and instability. In the financial market, random fluctuations over time, that is, volatility, have special significance, because the value of stocks and various securities depends on the risk of fluctuations. With the passage of time, the fluctuation may change greatly: there is always a quiet period with little fluctuation after the turbulent period with great fluctuation. Engel invented the theory of "heteroscedasticity under the condition of automatic decline" (ARCH), which can accurately obtain the characteristics of many time series, and developed a statistical modeling method for time-varying variability. Now, his ARCH model is not only an indispensable tool for researchers, but also used by financial market analysts for asset pricing and securities investment risk assessment. Most of the overall economic time series has a random trend, and a temporary imbalance will have a long-term and lasting impact. These time series are called "unstable" series. Granger proved that when the statistical methods used for stable time series are applied to the analysis of unstable data, it is easy for people to make wrong judgments on security. His major discovery is that two or more unstable time series may be stable after special combination. Granger called this phenomenon "harmony". His method is of great significance in studying the relationship between savings and consumption, the relationship between exchange rate and price, and the relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates.
In 2004
Finn e kidland was born in Norway on 1943. 65438-0973, received his doctorate from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, and is currently a professor at Carnegie Mellon University and Santa Barbara, California.
Edward Prescott (1940) was born in new york, USA. 1967 received his doctorate from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Prescott has taught at the University of Pennsylvania, Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Minnesota. He is currently the chairman of economics at the W.P. Carey School of Business of Arizona State University and a senior consultant at the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. During his teaching at Carnegie Mellon University, he served as the doctoral thesis supervisor of Kidland.
First of all, through the analysis of the "time consistency problem" in the application of macroeconomic policies, they provided ideas for the practical and effective application of economic policies, especially monetary policies; Secondly, in the study of business cycle, people have a deeper understanding of this phenomenon by analyzing various factors that cause business cycle fluctuations and their relationships.
In 2005
Thomas Crombie Schelling? (Thomas Crombie Schelling) 192 1 Born in the United States. Doctor of Harvard University. He is currently a professor at the University of Maryland.
Robert john aumann was born in 1930. Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Professor, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Promote the understanding of conflict and cooperation through game theory analysis.
In 2006
Edmund Phelps was born in 1933, an American.
Professor phelps's research focuses on various fields of macroeconomics, including employment, inflation and deflation, savings, public debt, taxation, intergenerational equity, prices, wages, micro-subject behavior, capital formation, fiscal and monetary policies, and his most successful field-economic growth. He is known as "the founder of modern macroeconomics" and "one of the most important figures influencing the economic process". Professor phelps's most important contribution lies in the theory of economic growth. After robert solow, he analyzed the dynamic optimization path of economic growth and put forward the famous "Huang Jinlv of economic growth", thus formally establishing the theory of economic growth.
In 2007
Eric maskin (1950) was born in new york, USA. 1976 received a doctorate in applied mathematics from Harvard University. 1985-2000, Professor of Economics, Harvard University. In 2003, he became the president of the World Econometrics Society and the director of the Social Science Department of Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies.
He has made outstanding contributions in the most basic fields of modern economics, including public choice theory, game theory, incentive theory and information theory, mechanism design, etc. Known as the most respected master of economics in international economics today.
Roger B. Myerson, 195 1, was born in Boston, USA on March 29th, with American nationality. 1976 received a doctorate in applied mathematics from Harvard University.
His doctoral program is "Cooperative Game Theory", and he has in-depth research on game theory. He is the author of Game Theory: Conflict and Probabilistic Model Analysis in Economic Decision-making.
Leonid hurwicz, a Jew, was born in Poland in 19 17 and came to the United States during World War II. Academician of the American Academy of Sciences, Academician of the American Economic Association, winner of the Presidential Award, and Professor, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the University of Minnesota.
At the beginning, my interest was mainly econometrics, and I did basic work on the identification of dynamic econometric models. 1947 first proposed and defined the concept of rational expectation in macroeconomics. Its main research fields include mechanism and system design and mathematical economics. The most important research work is to create the theory of economic mechanism design. 1990 the pioneering research on modern decentralized distribution mechanism won the national science award.
the year of 2008
Paul krugman, an American economist, was born in 1953.
Paul krugman is a new generation of liberal economic school, and his research fields mainly focus on trade patterns and regional economic activities.
In 2009
Oliver williamson (1932.9.27-): the name of "new institutional economics".
Oliver williamson is known as the man who rediscovered Gauss Theorem, at least because of his propaganda, which made Gauss's transaction cost theory become a new school in modern economics, bringing together a large number of interdisciplinary subjects and academic innovations including organization theory, law and economics, and gradually developed into a new branch of contemporary economics.
In 2009, the Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to oliver williamson in recognition of his "analysis of economic governance, especially the boundary of corporate economic governance".
Eleanor elinor ostrom: One of the founders of the American School of Public Choice.
Elinor ostrom, whose Chinese name is Ou Ling, 1933 was born in the United States and now works at Indiana University. A famous American political scientist, political economist, administrator and policy analyst.
Elinor ostrom was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economics in recognition of her "analysis of economic governance, especially the study of ordinary people's economic governance activities".
20 10
20 10 year
Peter Diamond, born on 1940, graduated from Yale university on 1960 with a bachelor's degree in mathematics; 1963, aged 23, received a doctorate in economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and then began his teaching career at the University of California, Berkeley.
"Most transactions in the market are for trade. Of course, there will be some trade frictions. It is difficult for buyers to get what they want, and it is difficult for sellers to find consumers. " The theory put forward by Peter Diamond and others explains this conflict in the market. His theory can be applied to other fields besides the labor market and the whole real estate market, such as economics and family economics.
Dale T. Mortensen, born on February 2nd, 1939, is an American citizen and now works in Northwest University. Mortensen received his doctorate from Carnegie Mellon University and his bachelor's degree from Villamat University. His academic thoughts influenced Pisarri Des.
Dale Martzen's main research fields focus on economic theories such as labor economics and macroeconomics.
"Most transactions in the market are for trade. Of course, there will be some trade frictions. It is difficult for buyers to get what they want, and it is difficult for sellers to find consumers. " The theory put forward by Peter Diamond and others explains this conflict in the market. Their theory is based on microeconomic theory, namely reasonable market output.
Christopher A. Pisarri Rides, whose research focuses on many fields of macroeconomics, the most important of which is labor force, economic growth and economic policy.
20 1 1 year
Thomas Sargent? (Thomas J. Sargent, 1943 July 19-), an American economist, is good at macroeconomics, monetary economics, time series and other fields. He, Robert Lucas Jr Jr., Neil Wallace, robert barro and others are important representatives of rational expectation revolution, and he is the author of many groundbreaking papers.
Christopher A. Sims was born in 1942, 10 and 2 1. 1989 became an academician of the American Academy of Sciences.
20 12
Alvin E. Roth? Born in19511219, an American economist, is currently Professor George Gunder of Economics and Business Administration at Harvard Business School.
Lloyd S. Royde shapley? Born on June 2, 1923, he is a famous American mathematician and economist. He is a professor of mathematics and economics at UCLA. He has made outstanding contributions in the fields of mathematical economics and game theory. Newman and? After Morgenstein, shapley is regarded as the most outstanding scholar in the field of game theory.
20 13
Eugene Fama (1939 February 14-), born in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, is a famous American economist who specializes in modern portfolio theory and asset pricing theory and is famous for putting forward the "efficient market hypothesis".
Peter hansen (born in 1952-), a famous American economist, was born in Champaign, Illinois. His main contribution is to discover the generalized moment method, which is extremely important in economic and financial research. At present, Hansen is using stability control theory and recursive economics theory to study the role of risk in pricing and decision-making.
Robert Shiller (1March 26th, 946-) was an American economist, scholar and best-selling author. He is a professor of economics at arthur okun of Yale University and a member of the Financial International Center of Yale School of Management.
20 14
Jean tirole (1953) was born on August 9th, and holds a doctorate in economics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is now the research director of the Institute of Industrial Economics at the University of Toulouse, France. At the same time, he is an adjunct professor at the University of Paris and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and has served as a visiting professor at Harvard University and Stanford University. Known as the contemporary "genius economist".
20 15
Angus deaton was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. He is a microeconomic. ?
20 16 Beijing time 10 10/0, the nobel prize in economics was announced. Oliver hart of Harvard University and Bent Holmster of MIT? M won this year's Nobel Prize in Economics. In recognition of their contribution to contract theory.
The full name of the Nobel Prize in Economics is the Swedish Bank Economic Science Award in memory of alfred nobel, which is usually called the Nobel Prize in Economics, also known as the Swedish Bank Economic Award.
References: Nobel Prize in Economics