Thesis on Safety Technology and Management (1)
Technical management and safety production analysis
As an important work to ensure the healthy and stable development of the power industry, line construction projects also have a significant impact on the development of China's national economy. Therefore, this paper mainly analyzes and discusses the safety management problems and measures in the construction site of line construction projects from the following aspects.
Keywords: line construction project; Construction site; Safety management; Problems; measure
With the increasing economic strength of China people and the rapid development of power system, high-voltage transmission lines have become an important factor affecting power system and the main artery of power industry. Therefore, it is very necessary and important to discuss the safety management problems and measures in the construction site of line construction projects.
I. Research background
In recent years, with the development of China's national economy and the acceleration of economic construction, the speed of power grid construction is also accelerating, and it is necessary to continuously optimize the power grid architecture. Taking the power grid construction in a certain area of China as an example, by the end of 20 12, the power supply of power supply companies had exceeded 700 million kilowatts, an increase of 12% over the same period of last year. With the rapid and healthy economic development in this area, it is necessary to further realize the safe and reliable development of the line. Moreover, the national social development plan recently proposed that the investment in fixed assets of the whole society will grow at an average annual rate of 25%, and it is necessary to build the service core of the pan-electric economic circle. Therefore, this puts forward higher and newer requirements for the development of China's power system, requiring transmission line construction enterprises and construction enterprises to attach great importance to ensuring the professionalism of construction management, strengthening construction safety management, and ensuring the smooth and safe development of power projects.
Second, safety management issues
At present, there are many problems in building safety management in China, which have seriously affected the development and economic strength of China's electric power industry, mainly in the following aspects:
1. The quality level of employees needs to be improved.
At present, the quality of transmission line construction personnel in China is uneven. For example, the current line project has labor subcontracting. Due to the shortage of personnel, some enterprises employ a large number of temporary workers. These workers have relatively low education level and lack of professional technical level and ability, which affects the quality of the project. Some people have just come out of the countryside, and enterprises lack systematic and professional training and education, which can not meet the requirements of line construction. In addition, the management level of managers is not in place, and their labor organization ability is low and they lack safety awareness. Therefore, some safety accidents often occur in the construction process.
2. The construction period is unreasonable
In the line work, unreasonable construction period will also bring great security risks to the project construction. For example, at present, power grid construction in various places is in full swing, and some line projects under construction blindly pursue profits and blindly compress the construction period, which brings great hidden dangers to project safety management.
3. Land acquisition and demolition disputes continue.
With the development of modern urban construction and economic construction, land expropriation and demolition have occurred continuously, and the existence of these problems has seriously affected the safety management of line construction to a great extent. In addition, the transmission line involves a wide range and the construction front is long, which will inevitably pose a threat to the safety management of the project.
Three. Safety management principles
According to the background of the above-mentioned line engineering construction and the problems existing in the construction safety management, the following corresponding line safety management principles and requirements are put forward, which can be started from the following aspects:
1. People-oriented principle
The safety management of line construction must adhere to the people-oriented principle and focus on the safety of construction personnel, and then on this basis, ensure the safety of all equipment and environment, fully consider the safety management of environment, materials and people, strengthen the control of unsafe behaviors, and effectively ensure the completion of safety management objectives.
2. The principle of building according to law
All employees are required to improve the safety construction management of transmission lines to the height of legal understanding and enforcement. The project construction manager must be familiar with the relevant laws and regulations of the State Grid and provincial companies and relevant safety production documents. In the construction, it is necessary to clarify the primary and secondary relationship and position of safety, quality, progress and benefit.
Fourth, safety management measures
In order to ensure the safety of line construction and strengthen the level of safety management, the following corresponding safety management measures are put forward, as follows:
1. Establish safety management objectives
Before construction, managers should formulate feasible safety objectives according to China's safety production law, the overall objectives of the construction unit and relevant laws and regulations, and then decompose the overall objectives according to the actual situation, and implement them in all levels, departments, construction teams and even all staff, so that everyone can have a comprehensive understanding and grasp of the overall objectives and the decomposed objectives, effectively ensure the completion of the objectives, and link them with the performance appraisal of the work in practical work.
2. Scientific organization of production safety
In order to ensure the realization of safety management objectives, it is necessary to strengthen the scientific organization of line construction. In the specific work, we can start from the following points: First, strengthen the understanding and mastery of design drawings and construction drawings, carefully examine and verify, and strengthen the comprehensive understanding of line engineering information after examination, such as engineering foundation type, engineering quantity, environmental climate, topography, crossing area, etc. ; Second, it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive analysis of all kinds of unsafe information, strengthen pre-control, and formulate effective and targeted preventive measures to ensure the safe production of lines.
3. Establish a safety guarantee system
Managers and relevant responsible persons should establish a line safety production system to fully ensure the smooth progress of line work, specifically from the following aspects: First, improve the line production safety guarantee system, according to the established safety objectives, combined with power construction safety regulations and safety management systems, improve relevant safety management documents and establish a safety guarantee system; Second, according to the specific situation of line production, set up a safety construction leading group, with the project manager as the team leader. At the same time, the person in charge of the project should implement the responsibility system for safety production, establish a safety construction management mechanism headed by the person in charge of the project, implement the responsibility system for safety production, and ensure the smooth development of various safety management work. Adhere to the policy of "safety first, prevention first and comprehensive management".
4. Do a good job in safety technical disclosure
In safety production, safety technical disclosure is also a very important link. It is required that in practical work, a technical disclosure meeting must be held before construction to clarify safety precautions and technical requirements, fully ensure safe production during construction, standardize construction operations, and effectively prevent and control safety accidents.
5. Strengthen on-site safety supervision
Managers and responsible persons should strengthen the safety inspection of the construction site. For example, according to the project objectives and safety requirements, the project department should regularly or irregularly check the safety of each worksite, especially for illegal operations. Once problems are found, they must be dealt with in strict accordance with relevant safety production regulations and safety management measures. In addition, the work can be equipped with professional safety inspectors to strengthen the whole process monitoring of all points in the whole production line. Safety engineers should regularly visit the project site for monitoring, and immediately require rectification if problems are found. After the rectification inspection is qualified, the operation can continue.
(4) All staff should pay attention to safety. Everyone is responsible for safety production. To manage safety production well, all construction workers are required to participate in safety management. Because safety construction management involves all aspects of project activities and is carried out in the whole process of the whole project, all employees are required to carry out all-round and whole-process safety management.
Conclusion:
In a word, transmission line construction, as an important project in national economic production, involves a wide range, a long front and many external factors, which brings great difficulty to the project construction and also affects the safe production of the project. Therefore, according to the engineering requirements, we must strengthen the safety management of line engineering, formulate scientific safety management objectives, improve engineering management measures, establish and improve the safety management system, enhance the sense of responsibility and safety of all personnel, comprehensively improve the safety management level of line production, and effectively ensure the safety benefits of lines.
References:
[1] Yuan Yongjiang. Report on the Outline of the Twelfth Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in Dongguang County. The sixth session of the 15th People's Congress of Dongguang County. 20 1 1(2)
[2] State Grid Energy Research Institute, Han Xinyang. The role of orderly electricity use is more and more important [N]. State Grid News.2011-09-10
Zhong qinzhao. Discussion on construction technology and management of transmission line engineering [J]. Guangdong Science and Technology.2010 (4)
[4] Liu Gao. Discussion on transmission line construction [J]. Science and technology wind.2010 (1)
[5] Meng Qingping. Discussion on Construction Management of Transmission Lines [J]. Coastal Enterprises and Technology .2009 (8)
Thesis on safety technology and management II
Discussion on Construction Engineering Technology and Safety Management
The management of safe production in construction is to effectively organize and use manpower, material resources and financial resources, give full play to people's wisdom, plan, make decisions, organize and control activities through people's efforts, minimize people's unsafe behavior, unsafe state of things and management defects, realize the harmony between people and equipment, materials and environment, and avoid personal injury and property loss.
Keywords:: construction engineering technical safety measures
China Library Classification Number: TU 198 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:
order
Construction enterprises are the most important production sector in the national economy, shouldering the great mission of urban public facilities construction in China and making great contributions to the development of the national economy. Therefore, it is of great significance to do well the safety management and control of construction enterprises for the development of China's national economy. Moreover, accidents are caused by unsafe behaviors of people (people's wrong speculation and wrong behaviors), unsafe state of things, bad environment and poor management. Effective control measures should be taken to eliminate potential dangerous factors (unsafe state of things), prevent misjudgment and misoperation (unsafe behavior of people), and implement hidden dangers of accidents.
First, the inherent characteristics of building construction
Safety management of building construction must be based on the inherent characteristics of building construction. Specifically, building construction has the following characteristics:
1 The product is unique. Any building has the characteristics of simple design and construction and fixed products, which cannot be repeated. The fixity of products and the long-term construction lead to a large number of construction personnel, equipment and materials concentrated in a very limited site, which increases the difficulty of safe construction. At the same time, in the construction, all kinds of factors are uncertain, and these uncertain factors run through all stages of the construction project, so the safety management of construction must respond to them.
2. Poor working environment. The construction site of building engineering is noisy, full of hot air, harmful gas and dusty. Construction is mainly based on open-air operation and aerial work. In the whole construction process of a project, more than 70% of the construction workers need to work in the open air, so the construction workers are easily affected by various natural environments. At the same time, most of the current buildings are above 7 floors, and construction workers need to work at an altitude of more than 10 meters, which is very easy to fall. These are all unfavorable working environments and loads that workers often face.
3 flow process, the construction content is full of changes. The construction of building engineering changes with the progress of the project, and the working environment, conditions and construction technology of operators are constantly changing in every process, such as foundation excavation, concrete pouring, steel structure installation and construction waste disposal. The construction equipment and materials required for different processes are also different, with poor regularity and difficult to control. Therefore, the unsafe factors in the construction site will inevitably change with the progress of the project, even every day or even every hour.
More than 4 majors and enterprises * * * participate together. The construction project is large in scale, on the one hand, it involves many specialties, on the other hand, a huge project can not be completed by one enterprise independently. Only when many specialties are coordinated and many enterprises cooperate with Qi Xin can the project be implemented smoothly.
5 workers are intensive and have low safety awareness. The degree of automation and mechanization of building engineering is low, which requires a lot of human resources. Most of these people are migrant workers. In the front line of the construction site, the proportion of migrant workers accounts for about 50%~70%, and some projects even reach 90%. Because of their low level of education, these people are indifferent to safety awareness. At the same time, the managers of construction enterprises also lack the corresponding knowledge and level of safety management, do not understand safety norms, standards, rules and regulations, and illegal orders abound.
Second, measures to strengthen the technical safety management of construction engineering
1 Strengthen the safety production concept of the construction unit
The construction unit should strengthen the education and publicity of the concept of safe production and civilized production, and through various publicity activities, improve the construction personnel's knowledge and understanding of safe construction, strengthen their concept of safe production, so that they can truly implement the awareness of safe production throughout the whole process of engineering construction.
2. Establish and improve the technical safety management system of construction engineering.
The construction unit shall formulate a scientific, reasonable, comprehensive and systematic technical safety management system, clarify the safety standards and requirements of each link in the construction process, establish a construction safety responsibility system, and implement the safety responsibility to individuals to form a systematic and scientific technical safety management system.
3 technical safety management in construction preparation stage
The construction unit shall, in strict accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and the requirements of the project, review and screen the project bidding of the construction unit. Before construction, we should make good preparations for construction. For example, it is necessary to formulate a scientific and reasonable construction safety plan, clarify the time limit, standards, materials, quality and other issues, clarify the division of safety responsibilities of various construction departments, and submit the plan to the relevant safety supervision departments. At the same time, it also signed a contract with the supervision unit to do the special safety measures and safety risk assessment of the project.
Third, the technical safety management in the construction process
Technical safety management in the construction process mainly includes the following aspects:
1 Safety management of building materials. When purchasing building materials, construction units should try to choose products produced by large manufacturers with quality and safety licenses to ensure their quality and safety. At the same time, after the materials enter the site, professionals should be organized to carry out strict and meticulous inspection and sampling test to ensure their quality and safety. When the materials are inspected and put into storage, they should be stored and placed separately according to the varieties, specifications and requirements of the materials, pay attention to the ventilation, lighting and drying of the warehouse, and assign special personnel to manage them.
2. Safety management of construction technology. The construction unit shall standardize, supervise and manage the technical behavior and quality of the whole construction process, clarify the technical points and safety standards of each stage of construction, establish the safety and quality management and control of construction technology before, during and after, and strengthen the technical standardization and control of the construction site and key links. At the same time, actively introduce advanced construction technology, constantly sum up experience and lessons in actual construction work, reform and innovate existing construction technology, and improve the safety, reliability and effectiveness of construction technology.
3. Safety management of construction personnel. The construction unit shall organize its personnel to carry out safety production knowledge education, distribute safety protection articles such as safety helmets and work clothes to employees, formulate corresponding safety norms and systems, and stipulate that construction personnel entering the site must wear safety equipment such as safety helmets. And assign special personnel to inspect the safety of workers on the construction site. Aerial work personnel must wear safety belts, and the horizontal, vertical and surrounding areas of their work items should be hung with safety nets to prevent accidents such as falling from high altitude. During cross construction, a safety protection shed must be erected to ensure the safety of personnel.
4. Safety management of construction equipment. The construction unit should strengthen the systematization, standardization and standardization of mechanical equipment management on the construction site. When selecting mechanical equipment, we must ensure that it has a formal maintenance certificate and quality and safety certificate; The use and maintenance of mechanical equipment shall be carried out in strict accordance with the instructions; Strengthen the management and control of equipment electricity and water consumption; Equipment users and maintenance personnel must hold relevant certificates before they can take up their posts.
5 Technical safety management in the later stage of construction
The construction unit should cooperate with the supervision department to do a good job in technical safety management in the later stage of construction. In strict accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the state, we should monitor the quality and safety of all links and steps of the completion and acceptance of the main structure of construction projects, ensure that construction projects whose safety and quality do not meet the prescribed standards do not enter the operation and use links, and avoid and prevent the impact and harm caused by inferior construction projects to the state society and the people. At the same time, the safety and quality inspection of ancillary works such as maintenance and decoration of construction projects will be included in the safety and quality inspection and control category of the whole life cycle of construction projects, and the operation flow and behavior of maintenance operations will be strictly controlled to avoid or reduce the indirect or direct economic losses caused to the country and society by substandard maintenance safety and quality, so as to prolong the service life of construction projects, enhance their safety performance and ensure the rationality, comfort, efficiency and safety of construction projects.
6. Strengthen the professional quality training of construction personnel.
Safety disclosure and training. Construction units should actively absorb and introduce high-quality construction personnel to improve the overall construction level and professional quality of construction team personnel. At the same time, we should also strengthen the professional quality training for on-the-job construction personnel, improve their understanding of safety construction technology and management, and enhance their construction technical ability and level, so as to better carry out safety production work.
Concluding remarks
With the development of national construction, the government's requirements for safety in production are increasingly strict, and construction management is constantly standardized. Therefore, the investment of construction units in safety production has been increasing, but it has not achieved the expected results, and the situation of safety production is still grim.
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