1. First of all, you should be familiar with musical instruments.

2. In the plain area, the field terrain is simple, but the main ravines and ridges must not be let go. Because the terrain is flat, the elevation points can be thinner, but there are obvious ups and downs. There is a row of points in the high slope direction and a row of points under the slope, so that the drawn contour line will not be deformed. After the gully is drawn, the contour lines will drill into the gully, so that the contour lines will not intersect. Houses in plain areas should be controlled on both sides of a row of houses, and the distance between two points on the short side and two points on the long side should not be used to draw houses, because the error is too large. You can get twice the result with half the effort if necessary. Some places can't be seen, so you can use instruments to punch out the periphery and steel rulers to measure the inside. Don't think that the steel rule is not accurate. Practice has proved that measurement is as accurate as measurement and can improve efficiency. When surveying and mapping, we must pay attention to the type and direction of poles and whether there is an underground interface. Some poles have transmission lines above them and distribution lines or communication lines below them, so draw the main ones. Rows of poles don't have to be measured every other pole or every few poles, because these poles are equally spaced, so they can be drawn with equal insertion points when doing indoor work, and the accuracy is also very high, but poles with steering must be measured. Measure one side of the road and measure the width of the road, so that it will look good. Don't let go of underground optical cables, but some optical cables, such as national defense optical cables, can only be marked on the drawings with the approval of some departments.

3. When surveying mountainous areas, it is mainly terrain, but the more points, the better. Ensure that there are enough points on the mountain and the mountain, and ensure that there are enough points on the geological lines such as ridge lines and valley lines, so that the drawn contour lines can be imagined and not deformed. Houses built in mountainous areas, especially halfway up the mountain, need to draw the surrounding big ridges, so as to see the layering and three-dimensional sense of the house on the map. In mountainous areas, it is best to set up stations at the top of the mountain or halfway up the mountain, which can reduce the number of stations and improve efficiency.

4. Surveyors should have an overall concept of various terrain features and know what features are drawn by several points. Generally speaking, a solid object has one point, a linear solid object has two points, a circular building has three points, and a rectangular building has four points ... This is also the familiarity with drawing software.

5. The sketch of fault step should be related to the mountainous terrain. The relative position of the house should be well drawn, so that it is easy to deal with the interior industry and go back to check the mistakes. There are written features, such as telephone poles and manhole covers, which can be drawn separately, which will make the sketch clear and tidy.

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2. Some total stations, such as Su Yiguang, need to be reoriented after changing batteries, but the running ruler is on another mountain or far away, so reorienting is time-consuming and laborious. You can not only change the battery when you move the station, but also measure a point when the battery is almost dead, then change the battery and orient it with the measured point, and the problem will be solved.

With the rapid development of computer technology and the impact of information revolution, surveying and mapping is bound to develop in the direction of automation, digitalization and informatization. Digital mapping will inevitably replace analog mapping. At present, there are two modes of digital mapping.

Common measurement methods

1. Digital recording mode: field recording and drawing. The commonly used instrument is total station, which directly records the number and three-dimensional coordinates of points during measurement, but cannot record the connection mode between points. At the same time, the manual sketch is drawn with the point number of the measuring point, and the coordinates are directly transmitted from the total station to the computer indoors, and then the man-machine interaction editing is carried out according to the sketch. This method is widely used because of its low cost and high accuracy. 2. Electronic flat-panel mapping mode: indoor and outdoor operations are integrated, what is obvious is measured, and real-time mapping is carried out. Electronic tablet mode-total station+portable computer+mapping software, when mapping in the field, the data is transmitted to the computer at the same time, which makes the quality and efficiency of digital mapping better than that of white map. With the decline in the price of portable computers, electronic tablets will become the mainstream of digital mapping. With the further development of science and technology, digital mapping will develop towards automation.

More advanced measurement methods

1. Total station automatic tracking measurement mode. The station is an automatic tracking station or a total station, which can be operated by no one and started remotely for measurement. The total station can automatically track, trace and record accurately. I think it is convenient to measure contour lines in mountainous areas. 2.GPS measurement mode. With the development of RTK real-time dynamic positioning technology, the three-dimensional coordinate results of measuring points in the specified coordinate system can be provided, and the accuracy can reach several centimeters within 20KM. After RTK is connected with electronic plane mapping system, on-site mapping can be carried out. And can give the point coordinates in real time. Realize one-step digital surveying and mapping (no need to control parts first), and improve labor productivity. 3. The development of prism technology will also greatly reduce the labor intensity of field work.