Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic function introduced in chemical thermodynamics to judge the direction of the process. Also known as free enthalpy, Gibbs free energy or free energy.

1.[1] free energy refers to the part of the internal energy reduced by the system that can be converted into external work in a certain thermodynamic process. In physical chemistry, the definition of free energy is Helmholtz's constant volume free energy F and Gibbs' constant pressure free energy G, and Gibbs' free energy is one kind of free energy.

2. 1876 Gibbs, a famous American mathematical physicist and chemist, published the first part of the classic book "On the Balance of Heterogeneous Objects" which laid the foundation of chemical thermodynamics in the Journal of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences. He finished the second part on 1878. This 300-page paper is regarded as one of the most important papers in the history of chemistry, in which the concepts of Gibbs free energy and chemical potential are put forward, and the essence of chemical equilibrium, phase equilibrium and surface adsorption is expounded.