It can be said that under the premise of limited resources, there is a contradiction between the protection of human living environment and economic development at least in the short term. Human beings must choose how to allocate resources between economic development and environmental protection: increasing the investment in either aspect will inevitably reduce the investment in the other in the short term. This contradiction is particularly prominent for developing countries that are short of funds.
But in the long run, environmental protection and economic development are not necessarily contradictory. Environmental improvement may contribute to economic development, which can provide funds and technology for environmental protection. Objectively speaking, economic development and environmental protection are interdependent and mutually reinforcing. On the one hand, the sustainable economic development advocated in the 20th century (2 1) is characterized by taking the environment as a part of economic cost, so environmental protection has become a way to reduce costs and improve economic benefits.
The persistence and stability of economic development speed depend on the richness of natural resources and sustainable production capacity, so protecting and improving the environment provides material basis and conditions for economic stability and sustainable development. On the other hand, the environmental protection we are talking about today is not only protection or passive prevention, but also the rational development and utilization of the environment on the premise of protection.
It is ridiculous to ask human beings to preserve the primitive nature through the retrogression of civilization. Today's environmental protection cannot only require economic stagnation. It is also the need for sustained economic strength to provide material and technical conditions for environmental protection.
From this perspective, economic development and environmental protection are complementary and can go hand in hand. In order to develop economy, it is essential to protect the environment. The purpose of economic development is to improve people's living standards. The purpose of China's economic development is to meet the people's growing material and cultural needs.
China is a semi-colonial and semi-feudal agricultural country with weak economic foundation and low degree of industrialization. The contradiction between economic development and environmental protection is widespread in the process of economic development. Environmental protection includes protecting people's living environment and natural environment.
To tell the truth, in cities, economic development, especially industrial development, has a negative impact on residents' lives. In rural areas, there are problems of destroying the natural environment and ecological environment. The purpose of economic development is to improve people's living standards, but it is against the original intention of economic development to destroy the environment and affect people's lives in the process of development.
Economic development must protect the environment, which is the requirement of sustainable development strategy. The environment in which we live, our descendants will live here. Our economic development has damaged the environment, and some of the damage is irreparable, which is a crime against future generations.
Now all countries in the world attach great importance to the study of sustainable development strategy and vigorously develop green industries and pollution-free industries. China is a big country with a long history and civilization. In the process of economic development, we should pay more attention to environmental protection and leave a beautiful living space for future generations.
To develop the economy, we must protect the environment, which is the requirement of natural law. In the process of economic development, if the natural environment is seriously damaged, then we will be severely punished by nature. The flood is the inevitable result of destroying the environment. I am afraid that the human, material and financial resources consumed in fighting floods and disaster relief have exceeded the economic development achievements at the expense of the environment. The laws of nature are merciless, and whoever violates them will be retaliated by them.
We must attach great importance to protecting the natural and social environment in the process of economic development. The proposal of sustainable development provides feasible strategies for economic development and environmental protection. Sustainable development should not only meet the needs of modern people, but also not harm the needs of future generations for natural resources and living environment. In other words, it refers to the coordinated development of economy, society, resources and environmental protection. They are an inseparable system. We must not only achieve the goal of economic development, but also protect the natural resources and environment such as the atmosphere, fresh water, ocean, land and forests on which human beings depend, so that future generations can develop sustainably and live and work in peace and contentment.
The connotation of sustainable development has two basic aspects, namely development and sustainability. Development is the premise and foundation, and sustainability is the key. Without development, there is no need to discuss sustainability. Without sustainability, development will end. Development should be understood as two aspects: first, it should at least include the growth of material wealth of human society, so economic growth is the basis of development. Secondly, development, as an inevitable process of the internal economic and social system of a country or region, takes promoting the interests of all as the standard and pursuing all-round social progress as the ultimate goal.
Sustainability also has two meanings: first, the stock of natural resources and the carrying capacity of the environment are limited, and the combination of material scarcity and economic scarcity constitutes a restrictive condition for economic and social development. Secondly, in the process of economic development, contemporary people should not only consider their own interests, but also pay attention to the interests of future generations, taking into account the interests of all generations, leaving room for the development of future generations.
Sustainable development is the unity of development and sustainability, which complement each other and are mutually causal. If we give up development, there will be no sustainability. If we only care about development without considering sustainability, long-term development will lose its foundation.
The sustainable development strategy pursues short-term goals and long-term goals, the best balance between short-term interests and long-term interests, and the comprehensive and coordinated development of economy, society, population, resources and environment. Sustainable development involves all aspects of human society.
Taking the road of sustainable development means the transformation of the whole society, including social, economic, population, resources and environment. The connotation of development is mainly economic development and social progress.
Sustainable development is a long-term strategy for economic and social development. It mainly includes three aspects: sustainable development of resources and ecological environment, sustainable development of economy and sustainable development of society.
First of all, the basis of sustainable development is the sustainable utilization of resources and a good ecological environment. Second, the foundation of sustainable development is sustainable economic development. Third, the center of sustainable development is people, and the goal is to seek all-round social progress. China has implemented the strategy of sustainable development as a national policy. Only by realizing rapid economic growth, linking with environmental protection and taking the road of sustainable development can China rise and become strong.
The relationship between economic development and environmental protection is not only the central topic of environmental economics, but also the core issue of sustainable development of human society, economy and environment. Economic development plays a leading role in environmental change, but it does not deny the adverse effect of environmental change on economic development. Coordinate the relationship between economic development and environmental protection, and analyze the specific situation of developing countries. Only when economic development is in harmony with environmental development can we achieve sustained and stable economic development. Only by correctly handling the relationship between economy and environment can they develop harmoniously. Therefore, China should correctly formulate and implement the development strategy of coordinated development of economy and environment.
Judging from the principles and strategies of economic development, we should not only open to the outside world in environmental protection, but also open to the outside world in environmental protection, because only the coordinated development of economy and environment will create conditions for the inflow of foreign capital, and the availability of funds will promote the further development of the economy. This is the only correct choice for China to achieve sustainable development. The natural ecological environment is the material basis of economic development and the basis of human survival and development. If this foundation is destroyed, the current and future development of mankind will be seriously restricted. China has a large population, less per capita resources and limited development space. Therefore, only by coordinating the development of economy and environment can the limited natural resources meet the needs of contemporary people and ensure the sustainable utilization of future generations.
To realize the coordinated development strategy of environment and economy in China, the main problems and methods to be solved are as follows.
First, accelerate the transformation of economic growth mode. The transformation of economic growth mode is mainly from extensive to intensive; From the perspective of expanded reproduction mode, it should be transformed from delayed expanded reproduction to connotative expanded reproduction; From the point of view of speed and benefit, it should be changed from speed to benefit; From the perspective of input and output, we should realize the transformation of "low input, low output-high input, high output-low input, high output". Only in this way can we protect the natural ecological environment on the basis of sustained, stable and rapid economic development in China.
Second, the goal of economic development should be changed from a single goal to a comprehensive goal. The traditional development strategy is to pursue the growth of gross national product. Simply pursuing high-speed economic growth will inevitably ignore environmental protection, aggravate the deterioration of ecological conditions and the decline of environmental quality, and the result can only be environmental destruction and unsustainable economic development.
Therefore, the goal of economic development should be changed from single to multiple, that is, economic development should have economic goals, environmental goals, quality of life goals and other comprehensive goals at the same time. Only by bringing environmental quality into the goal of economic development can we coordinate economic development with environmental protection and realize the synchronous development of economy, society and ecological environment.
Third, from the simple consumption of natural resources to the resource development strategy of effective protection, rational development and full utilization. China's traditional economic growth is based on predatory development, predatory utilization and wasteful use of natural resources. This blind development and utilization, which only emphasizes utilization and ignores protection and proliferation, will inevitably lead to serious destruction and waste of natural resources, making the contradiction between people and resources increasingly acute.
Therefore, the resource development strategy of China should be the optimal utilization and effective protection of various natural resources in the ecosystem by the economic system. We should make rational use of natural resources in protection, renew and proliferate in rational use, strike a balance between protection, development and utilization and renewal and proliferation, achieve ecological and economic balance, make natural reproduction and economic reproduction of natural resources go smoothly, make economic and social development based on the stable and sustainable supply capacity of natural resources, coordinate the relationship between good people and resources and environment, and coordinate the relationship between economy and resources and environment.
Therefore, it is necessary to reform the current national economic accounting system, establish the concept that environmental resources are valuable, establish resource-saving industries, and improve the environmental awareness of the whole people. Fourth, increase a certain proportion of investment in environmental protection to promote the coordinated development of economy and environment. The ratio of a country's investment in environmental protection to GNP in the same period is an important index to coordinate the relationship between economic development and environmental protection.
China is a developing country with serious environmental debt. If the proportion of environmental protection investment is not increased in time, it will be difficult to clean up old debts and new debts, which will definitely affect the development of the whole national economy. Therefore, in order to realize the coordinated development of environment and economy, we must appropriately increase and maintain a certain proportion of environmental protection investment. In addition to improving the level of environmental protection investment, it is necessary to further improve the efficiency of environmental protection investment so that investment funds can play a better role.
In a word, the relationship between economic development and environmental protection is unity of opposites, and there are contradictions and coordination between them. Economic development has brought environmental problems, but it has enhanced the ability to solve environmental problems; The solution of environmental problems has enhanced the ability of sustainable economic development. The goal of coordination between the two is to develop economy, improve environmental quality step by step, and realize the harmony and unity of economic, environmental and social benefits.
First of all, the economic growth model should not only consider industrial upgrading and harmonious social development, but also consider environmental protection.
The mode of economic growth includes the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure and technical structure, the improvement and optimization of economic benefits and quality, the continuous improvement of economic system and system, the restoration and protection of ecological environment, the economical utilization and optimization of resources, the elimination of poverty, fair distribution and the increase of social welfare. We should also correctly understand the relationship between "economic growth mode" and "economic development mode", pay more attention to the coordination between economy, society and ecology, and pay more attention to social fair distribution and harmonious social development. Change the mode of Zhenjiang's economic development, from the quantitative type of economic development to the quality type, and from the simple pursuit of growth rate to the direction of sustainable development.
Second, promote the coordinated development of economic development and ecological environment protection.
In a city or region, economic development is the foundation and motive force of ecological environment, and ecological environment is the condition and guarantee of economic development. The two complement each other and influence each other.
Economic development and environmental protection are dialectical unity of mutual restriction and interdependence. To promote the coordinated development of environmental protection and economic development, it is necessary to establish Scientific Outlook on Development, change the mode of economic development, increase investment in environmental protection funds, improve the system of environmental protection policies and regulations, and improve the government performance evaluation mechanism, supervision mechanism and punishment mechanism for government departments' dereliction of duty.
In terms of development concept and practice, we should strive to build a healthy industrial development pattern with green concept as the direction, high-tech as the guide, cluster development as the feature, and modern service industry, green manufacturing industry and strategic emerging industries as the pillars. Factory production technology should adopt green production mode, vigorously develop low-carbon economy and circular economy, at the same time reduce investment in traditional high-energy-consuming industries, strengthen research and breakthrough in energy-saving and low-carbon environmental protection technologies, and gradually phase out backward production capacity with serious pollution. Strictly limit the expansion of industrial parks, and strive not to open new industrial parks on the basis of focusing on the construction of existing industrial parks. Rationally develop mineral resources, control the mining scale and realize the sustainable utilization of mineral resources.