The first part is Hans J. Eysenck's personality theory.
First, the basic theory (the viewpoint of trait theory and the method of experimental psychology)
Background: Hippocrates' theory of body fluid in ancient Greece was divided into different temperament types according to the advantages of a certain body fluid in the human body.
Optimistic, lively, positive, enthusiastic and happy spring.
Mucus-sticky, quiet, stable, taciturn, slow-moving and unchanging-winter
Yellow bile-choleric, straightforward, energetic, irritable and quick-acting-summer.
Black bile-depressed, withdrawn, sensitive, worried, afraid-autumn
Roman doctor Galen believes that four kinds of body fluids and four physical characteristics of cold, heat, dryness and wetness.
Combine to form a character.
Incorrect comments and assumptions simplify the complicated personality. Two-dimensional model of Feng Te
Two-dimensional theory, "strong emotion"-"weak emotion"; "fast change"-"slow change"
Eysenck's personality dimension, extroversion-introversion; Neuroticism-stability
Second, the basic concepts and measurement
The main factors of personality, 1, extraversion (e), 2, neuroticism, N) 3, and psychoticism (p).
Measurement of EPQ scale
Third, personality structure.
There are four levels of personality: basic structure, special reaction, habitual reaction, characteristics and types.
Four. Measurement of personality dimension (EPQ)
The second part, the experimental study of personality dimension.
1, the specific meanings of introversion and extroversion are typical.
2. The relationship between central nervous system reaction and extroversion.
Awakening activation-autonomic nervous system activity-neuroticism difference
Cortical arousal level-brain reticular structure function-extraversion difference
High activation level is often high arousal level, and neuroticism is negatively correlated with extraversion.
Heart rate (HR) and skin electricity (GSR) are used to reflect the autonomic nervous activity of awakening level.
Reflecting cortical activity with EEG
3. The relationship between extroversion and sensory deprivation
Extroverts have high level of arousal, thirst for stimulation, and low tolerance for pain and sensory deprivation.
Introverts have low level of arousal, avoidance of stimuli, sensitivity and high tolerance to sensory deprivation.
The third section, the biological basis of personality
The biological basis of individual differences,
1) stability of introversion and extroversion,
2) Cross-cultural studies
3) Heredity and twin research (40% of stable personality traits of adults come from heredity)
4. Evaluation of Eysenck's personality theory.
1) Eysenck emphasizes the type, that is, the dimension, not the trait. Because,
A. The correlation between traits is very high, so it is difficult to make a systematic description and detailed study, but the type or dimension can be studied in depth.
B. the research on the trait level cannot be repeated, and the research on the type or dimension can be repeated.
2) It is the mainstream thought of contemporary personality to regard personality as a continuum, which is more in line with the actual situation.
3) It is unique to emphasize the study of personality by experiment, which is different from the traditional method of only doing questionnaires.
4) Emphasize the concept of "awakening"
5) The theory is concise and clear, and the measuring tool is simple and easy to use.
Section 4 Research on Children's Temperament
Thomas & Nine Dimensional Temperament Theory of Chess (NYLS)
1, activity level, the number and speed of children's actions in activities.
2. Are the physiological functions such as rhythm, hunger, sleep and excretion regular?
3. Approach-retreat and initial response to new stimuli.
4, adaptability, children's adaptation to the new environment or new stimuli.
5. Response threshold refers to the minimum stimulus intensity that can attract children's attention.
6. Intensity of Reaction, the energy level of emotional reaction.
7. Emotional quality refers to the dominant emotion of children within a few hours after waking up.
8. Distraction refers to whether children's attention can be easily diverted from ongoing activities.
9. Attention Span and Persistence refers to the stability of attention when engaged in a single activity.
The length of the room).
Rhythm, avoidance, adaptability, reaction intensity and emotion, easy, slow and difficult to warm up.
1, the relationship between children's temperament types and academic performance
2. "goodness of fit" model
Section 5, Evolutionary Personality Psychology.
1. The process of natural selection and psychological mechanism leads to the evolution of physiological and psychological characteristics.
Fear, anger, dependence and obedience, cooperation and so on.
2. Social exclusion and anxiety
Living in groups is easier to survive and reproduce than living alone, and it is dangerous to be excluded from groups. So anxiety is caused by social exclusion or fear of being rejected by society, which threatens the dependence of the group.
Evolutionary personality theory and mate selection