The development of vocabulary is reflected in notional words, and the most remarkable thing is the ancient and modern changes of meaning. The differences between ancient and modern meanings, due to their different evolution, are roughly as follows:
The meaning of the word has expanded, for example, the words "Jiang", "He", "Huai" and "Han" in Mencius refer to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. "Jiang" and "He" were proper nouns in ancient times, but now they have been expanded into generic terms. Another example is "being bad for women" and "being good" ... being better for women ("Governing the Country by Ximen Bao"), which specifically refers to women's beauty and does not involve morality. Now, "goodness" can refer to all beautiful attributes, and can modify and limit people, things and things.
The meaning of this word has narrowed. For example, the word "gold" in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber (Xunzi's exhortation) used to refer to all metals, but now it refers to gold. For another example, "tile" refers to all pottery products in ancient times, but in modern times only "a building material for building roofs" is called "tile".
The meanings of some words are very different from ancient times to modern times, and their meanings have shifted, that is, they have changed from expressing things A to expressing things B. For example, the "martyr" in "Martyr's Old Age is Full of Courage" ("Kamei Shoushou") used to refer to people with integrity and ambition, but now it refers to people who have dedicated themselves to the revolutionary cause; The "tears" in Crying Without Tears (Zhuangzi) refers to tears, but now it has shifted to "snot"; Another example is "smell", which originally refers to hearing, but now generally refers to "smell".