The first paper on cultivation techniques of honeysuckle.
Biological characteristics and efficient cultivation techniques of honeysuckle.
[Abstract] Flos Lonicerae. , also known as honeysuckle. Belongs to Lonicera. The main components of honeysuckle. The extracts are chlorogenic acid (CGA) and luteolin, which have unique antibacterial properties and are known as? Chinese medicine antibiotics? . According to the statistics of relevant departments, honeysuckle is contained in nearly 1/3 commonly used traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, especially in? SARS, influenza A, avian influenza, hand, foot and mouth disease? During the occurrence and epidemic period, honeysuckle has become the first choice to prevent and treat these diseases. As people pay more and more attention to their own health, honeysuckle, as a natural bulk medicinal material, is increasingly favored and has a huge market demand. In this paper, the biological characteristics, breeding techniques and pest control techniques of honeysuckle were studied.
[Keywords:] honeysuckle; Biological characteristics; Breeding; Pests and diseases; technology
Classification number of China Library: S5 1 1 Document ID: A document number:1009-914x (2015) 26-0207-01.
1, biological characteristics
1. 1 growth environment. Honeysuckle has strong adaptability, likes ventilation and light transmission, and is afraid of flourishing leaves; I like warmth and dryness, but I'm afraid of cold and humidity. Honeysuckle is a sunny plant in temperate zone and subtropical zone. Before budding in spring, if it is dry on sunny days, its branches and leaves are particularly lush. Honeysuckle likes sunshine and is not strict with water and soil. It can grow normally in slightly acidic and alkaline soil with pH value of 5.5 ~ 7.8, especially in sandy loam, sunny slope and semi-sunny slope, especially in fertile and loose soil. It is planted in China from north to Liaoning and south to Guangdong.
1.2 growth and development habits. Honeysuckle has strong adaptability, well-developed root system, vigorous aboveground growth, strong meristematic ability and large coverage area of stems and leaves, which can play a good role in soil and water conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation. The trunk of honeysuckle has strong uprightness, and the rattan stems are similar to those of honeysuckle. Self-cutting? .
2. Breeding technology
Honeysuckle is generally propagated by cutting, which can be divided into direct cutting and cutting seedling. Direct cutting is to select vigorous branches, cut cuttings with a length of 20-30cm, each with at least 3-5 teeth, cut off the lower leaves, cut the lower ends into bevels, soak them in root promoter for 10 second, and then cut them while they are hot. Plant spacing 1.5m? 1.5m, dig a hole, cut 3-5 roots per hole, leave 1/3 stems on the ground, at least 1 buds are exposed on the soil surface, compact, pour water, and take root and sprout about 1 month. Cutting seedling is to cultivate cuttings into seedlings first, and then transplant them into the field.
3. Cultivation techniques
3. 1 Selecting land and preparing soil requires little soil, and honeysuckle can be planted in sunny slopes, ravines and dock fields. However, in order to achieve high quality and high yield, sandy loam with abundant sunshine, deep soil layer, fertile and loose soil, good ventilation and drainage, and slope below 15℃ should be selected as far as possible, and stepped strip planting can be arranged for those with large slope. Before planting, the soil should be deeply ploughed, raked and ditched. Generally, the furrow width is 1.5 ~ 2m, and the plant spacing is (1.3 ~ 1.5)? Two million.
3.2 Fine transplanting can be carried out in spring, late autumn or early winter. When transplanting in late autumn or early winter, dig a fixed planting hole before planting, and apply base fertilizer at the bottom of the hole. Generally, apply 1kg or 0. 1kg 45% ternary compound fertilizer to each hole, then cover the soil and transplant it to avoid burning the roots. If transplanted in spring, ring furrow fertilization can be used after transplantation. Generally, cuttings with diameter above 1cm and height above 20cm are selected for transplanting and seedling raising. When transplanting, spread the roots of seedlings, plant them in planting holes, compact the soil and water them. If conditions permit, you can choose to transplant in rainy days to improve the survival rate.
3.3 Site management
3.3. 1 If transplanting in late autumn or early winter in the first year of fertilization, it is recommended to apply base fertilizer first; In spring, it is generally transplanted in blank land, and after survival, it is combined with intertillage and soil cultivation. After that, combine intertillage weeding, spring and summer fertilization, chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure every year, and determine the position of fertilization ditch according to the crown size. In addition, after each flower picking and light cutting, topdressing should be done once, with available nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer and partial phosphorus fertilizer as the supplement, and foliar fertilizer should be sprayed; The amount of fertilization is flexibly determined according to the growth of honeysuckle, crown size and soil fertility. Generally, the amount of fertilizer applied in the first crop is more than that in the following crops. Fertilization should be carried out before and after rainy days as far as possible, which is labor-saving and can improve fertilizer efficiency. At the same time, topdressing should be applied after each pruning 1 time.
3.3.2 Before transplanting, intertillage and weed honeysuckle at least 3-4 times a year. When new leaves grow in spring every year, weeding and ridging are carried out for the first time 1 time in combination with fertilization; July-August, after the first season blooms, and before the second season blooms, for the second time; Before and after the first frost in autumn and winter, combined with the application of overwintering fertilizer, the third intertillage weeding and ridging were carried out. After 3 ~ 4 months, according to the growth of honeysuckle and the breeding of weeds, the weeding times should be reduced appropriately. In order to ensure the medicinal value of honeysuckle, herbicides are generally not used, and manual or mechanical weeding is appropriate.
3.4 Plastic pruning Plastic pruning is one of the key links for the successful planting of honeysuckle and the realization of high quality and high yield. Usually, after transplanting 1-3 months, it is mainly to cultivate upright and stout trunks, prune and cultivate umbrella-shaped erect shrubs.
3.4. 1 The method of shaping and pruning after transplanting is 1 year. When the height of the trunk is 30 ~ 40 cm, the top is cut off to promote the sprouting of lateral buds; After the first frost that winter, I trimmed it a little and cut off the long branches, diseased branches and dense branches. After germination in the second spring, 4 ~ 5 stout branches are selected from the upper part of the trunk as the main branches; In winter, 5 ~ 6 branches are selectively reserved from each main branch, and the top is cut off as the first branch of the main branch. Thereafter, 4-6 branches are left for each branch growing from the primary branch, and the top is cut off as the secondary branch; By analogy, an umbrella shrub with upright and thick trunk and even branches is finally formed. Then, every spring, when honeysuckle has not germinated, the withered and thin branches with poor upright ability are cut off; Generally, young branches with short nodes and thin leaves that germinate on secondary branches or old flower branches after spring are all flower branches and should be preserved; The newly extracted rattan branches at the base of the trunk and the inner branches on the branches must be cut off to avoid consuming nutrition.
3.4.2 The time for plastic trimming should be carried out in winter and summer every year. Winter pruning is mainly to cut off drooping branches, long branches, cross branches, dead branches, twigs and so on. , and keep strong branches; It is required to cut off all the branches, that is, lightly cut off all the remaining branches to form a plurality of thick main lateral branches, which are pruned year by year to form an umbrella-shrub-like tree with sparse branches, uniform distribution, ventilation and light transmission, and thick and upright trunk, so as to promote good ventilation and light transmission performance, increase yield and facilitate flower picking. Trim it in summer? Top？ Give priority to, promote multiple new branches; Moderately pruning a few leafy branches to control the excessive growth of honeysuckle and form uniform umbrella branches; Cut off closed branches, twigs, thick branches, long nodes and big leaves to improve lighting conditions, improve photosynthetic efficiency and increase nutrient accumulation. After flowering in each season, light pruning should be carried out to cut off the flower branches, so as to promote the formation of new flower branches and avoid the flowers that have not been picked clean from turning into reproductive growth, that is, flowering and fruiting, which will affect the next season's flowering. Moreover, the branches and long branches near the roots should be cut off to reduce nutrient consumption and promote the early formation of a large number of buds, thus achieving the purpose of increasing production.
4, pest control
4. 1 disease control honeysuckle has good disease resistance. As long as plants are well ventilated and well drained, diseases rarely occur. If there is too much rain, we should pay attention to the occurrence of brown spot and powdery mildew on leaves and tender stems. Control countermeasures: (1) Strengthen management, apply more organic fertilizer, and improve plant disease resistance; (2) At the initial stage of the disease, 1: 1: 200 times of Bordeaux solution or 600 times of 50% carbendazim solution and 1500 times of 25% triadimefon solution were used for prevention and treatment, and sprayed continuously for 2-3 times every 7 days.
4.2 Pest control The main pests are aphids and longicorn beetles. Aphids mainly harm leaves and buds, and longicorn mainly harms stems. Aphids are generally controlled twice a year, that is, before flowering in April 10 ~ 15 and before picking flowers in the middle and early September 10 ~ 15, pyrethroid pesticides or 40% omethoate are used. Generally, the method of injection is used to control longicorn beetles. When it is found that plants are harmed by the larvae of Anoplophora longicorn and have eaten into the branches, 40% omethoate is directly inserted into the wormhole with a medical syringe and needle, and the liquid medicine is injected until the hole is filled and emerges from another hole. Then pull out the syringe and seal the two outlets with wet clay, and the control effect can reach more than 98%. The last application should be at least 10 ~ 15 days before flower picking, so as not to cause pesticide residues and affect the quality of honeysuckle.
Cultivation Techniques of Honeysuckle (Ⅱ)
Utilization value and high-yield cultivation techniques of Lonicera japonica Thunb.
The characteristics and utilization value of honeysuckle were introduced, and the cultivation techniques of honeysuckle were summarized, including land selection, soil preparation, seedling raising, transplanting, field management and pest control, so as to promote the development and utilization of honeysuckle.
Honeysuckle; Characteristics; Development value; cultivation techniques
China Library ClassificationNo. S567.79 Document IdentificationNo. B1007-5739 (2012)10-0207-02.
Honeysuckle, also known as Erhua, Jinhua, Yin Hua and Lonicera japonica, is a perennial evergreen twining shrub of Lonicera of Caprifoliaceae. Honeysuckle is widely distributed in China, distributed or cultivated in southern Liaoning, north China, central China, east China and southwest China, and cultivated in Henan and Shandong. Honeysuckle is an excellent medicinal economic tree species with high economic value and broad market prospect, which is deeply loved by farmers. In recent years, with the acceleration of the development and utilization of honeysuckle in China, the market gap of honeysuckle is getting bigger and bigger, and the market gap will be as high as10.2 million t in 20 12 years. Therefore, according to the cultivation experience and related literature, the author summarized the utilization value and high-yield cultivation techniques of honeysuckle.
Characteristics of 1 honeysuckle
Honeysuckle is a perennial evergreen twining shrub. Stems are hollow, much branched and densely pubescent. It does not wither in winter, and the single leaf is opposite, oval or oval, 3~8 cm long, with a short acuminate to obtuse apex, entire, light purple leaf margin and short petiole. Peanut is located in the axils of leaves, with one stalk and two flowers. There are two bracts under the flowers. The corolla is tubular, lip-shaped, 3~4 cm long, white at first, and golden after 2 ~ 3 days. Berry is spherical, brown and shiny when ripe, containing 4~ 10 seeds. Flowering period 5? In September, the fruit maturity is 7? 1 1 month. Honeysuckle likes light, humidity, ventilation, heat resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance, waterlogging resistance and barren resistance, and it is a highly adaptable plant. Honeysuckle root system is developed, the root depth can reach about 3 m, the root width is 2~3 times larger than the crown, and the floating roots are mostly concentrated in the soil layer with a depth of 30 cm. In southern Henan, Jin Yinhua's flower buds expanded in early March, the third and fourth pairs of leaves began to bud in mid-April, and 1 flower could be picked in mid-May. Under good soil, fertilizer and water management conditions, three flowers can be harvested a year. The high-yield period can produce about 2 250 kg/hm2 of dried flowers, and the high-yield period can generally last for more than 30 years [1-2].
2. Utilization value of honeysuckle
2. 1 economic value
In recent years, the development and utilization of honeysuckle in China has developed rapidly, and it has been used in many industrial fields such as spices, cosmetics, health food and beverages. In the perfume industry, honeysuckle perfume, gold and silver flower fragrance liquid and honeysuckle bath liquid were developed, and honeysuckle bread, snacks, scented tea and beer were developed in catering, which achieved good economic benefits. With the improvement of people's living standards, the enhancement of health care awareness and the deepening of market development, the market demand for honeysuckle will increase year by year.
2.2 medicinal value
Honeysuckle. Has high medicinal value. Flowers, leaves, roots and vines can all be used as medicine. Contains more than 30 kinds of essential elements for human body, and has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. Its preparation is widely used. It is used for clearing away heat and toxic materials, resisting bacteria and diminishing inflammation, and treating upper respiratory tract infection, influenza, tonsillitis, acute mastitis, acute conjunctivitis, acute appendicitis, lobar pneumonia, bacillary dysentery, traumatic infection and cervical erosion.
2.3 Environmental value
Honeysuckle is a ground cover shrub with strong branching, dense root system, good soil-fixing performance and strong adaptability. It is an excellent shrub species to stabilize soil erosion of dikes.
2.4 ornamental value
Honeysuckle is fragrant in color and can be used as a vertical greening material for climbing flower stands and flower galleries, or attached to rocks, ditches and hillsides as a ground cover material. Ten-year-old honeysuckle can be pruned and made into bonsai for viewing.
3 high-yield cultivation techniques of honeysuckle
3. 1 land selection and preparation
Honeysuckle doesn't require much soil, and can grow well in slightly acidic, slightly alkaline and neutral soils. It is best to choose the land with sunny ventilation and good water conservancy conditions, which requires deep soil layer and loose and fertile soil. Apply 6 t/hm2 farmyard manure to the selected plot, turn it deeply and rake it carefully to make it reach 1.5 m? 10.0 m platform for seedling raising. Field planting can be hole-shaped, with a row spacing of 90 cm? 150 cm, size of the hole 40 cm? 40 cm？ Apply 40 cm, 10 kg farmyard manure to each hole and plant it in mixed soil [3].
3.2 Cultivate strong seedlings
There are two ways of seedling raising: seed seedling raising and cutting seedling raising. Seeds and seedlings grow slowly and are generally not used in production. Cutting seedling is simple, labor-saving and fast, and it is a common method in production. Cutting seedling can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn, but it can be carried out in 9? The best month is 10, and when the ground temperature is 3~5℃ higher than the air temperature, the wound heals quickly, takes root quickly and has a high survival rate. Cutting method: select robust branches that are more than one year old and cut into 30~40 cm long (more than 3 pairs of leaves must be left) as cuttings. Trench the seedbed according to the row spacing of 30 cm and the depth of 25 cm, vertically put the plant spacing 10~ 15 cm into the ditch, cut the cuttings and bury them for 2/3, cover them firmly, water them in time and keep them moist. 10 d can take root and sprout, and can be transplanted into the field next autumn.
3.3 Field transplantation
Field transplanting can be carried out in spring and autumn after seedling growth, with spring moving in early March and autumn moving in the middle and late September. Plant strong seedlings with good roots in the whole field with a row spacing of 90 cm? 150 cm, per hole 1 plant, covered with soil and compacted, watered in time to ensure survival [4].
3.4 Site management
3.4. 1 intertillage weeding. After transplanting in the field, attention should be paid to removing weeds around the plants in the first two years, and then loosening the soil in combination with weeding, usually around summer.
3.4.2 Water and topdressing. Honeysuckle likes humidity, and the soil humidity should be above 70% to promote the vigorous, stable and high-yield growth of plants. Every year, antifreeze water 1 time is poured before winter, germination accelerating water 1 time is poured before germination, and growth promoting water 1 time is poured after summer planting according to the weather.
3.4.3 Plastic trimming. Honeysuckle has high germination rate and high branching rate. If it is not pruned in time, it is easy to be airtight, and pests and diseases will occur, which will affect the yield, quality and field work. Do you need a trim? The plant is mushroom-shaped, and the branches are inclined upward from the ground; Remove the invalid branches in the hole and keep the peripheral branches properly; Cut off all the delicate branches and the plants will be beautiful. . Prune 3 times a year, including 1 time in winter and 2 times in summer. Winter shearing is carried out from the end of 10 to before freezing, which will germinate too early and consume nutrients too late. In winter, pruning is mainly to cut off thin and withered old branches, dense branches, drooping branches, long branches of fried dough sticks and cross branches, leaving strong, vigorous and smooth branches. After pruning, the trunk and lateral branches are obvious, with distinct layers and even control. The height of the tree is controlled within 1.5 m, and pruning in summer is completed within 3~5 d after picking each flower. Pruning in summer is mainly to cut off the old branches, dense branches and cross branches, leaving the lower part of the bud of the first 1 strong flower branch and cutting off all the upper parts, generally leaving about 15 cm. Honeysuckle has the characteristics that new branches develop into flowering branches in the same year. Through reasonable pruning, we can achieve the goal of many branches and flowers, and improve the yield and quality.
3.5 pest control
3.5. 1 aphid. It began to occur in the first half of April, and it propagated fastest at 15~25℃. It mainly absorbs the juice of plants, which makes the leaves turn yellow, curl and wither, and when it is serious, it will cause no harvest. 40% omethoate, 5% chlorpyrifos 1 000 times solution and 20% mirex EC 2 000 times solution can be sprayed for poisoning treatment, and the drug should be stopped 15 days before flower picking. In the flower picking period, washing powder 1 kg water control 100 kg, alcohol 1 kg water control 100 kg, or biological pesticide rotenone EC can be sprayed for 500 times.
3.5.2 Cerambycidae. In the middle and late May, 50% phoxim EC 600~ 1 000 times or 50% phosphorus emulsion oil 1 500 times can be sprayed continuously for 7 ~ 10 days, and sprayed several times.
3.5.3 Starscream. Most of them occur from late May to early June, and can be sprayed with 1 000~2 000 times of Bizhijing or Bizhijing. 10% liuyangmycin 1 000~ 1 500 times solution can be sprayed at flower picking stage.
3.5.4 powdery mildew. It often happens in hot and rainy summer, and it is also easy to happen when the fields are dark and poorly ventilated. Prevention and control methods: pruning in time, improving ventilation and light transmission conditions, and rational fertilization to make plants grow strong but not prosperous; At the beginning of the disease, spraying 20% triadimefon 1 0,500 times or 50% thiophanate-methyl 1 0,000 times every 7 days can achieve good control effect.
4 references
[1] Tang dense forest. Economic value and propagation and cultivation techniques of honeysuckle [J]. Rural practical technology, 20 1 1 (3): 36.
Ye Chuancai. Key techniques of honeysuckle cultivation [J]. Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology, 20 1 1 (6): 85-87.
Yan,,, et al. Preliminary study on high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques of honeysuckle [J]. Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology, 2011(6):131-kloc-0/32.
Guo Yanping, Ding Wenjing, Zhang Lina, et al. Characteristics and cultivation techniques of a new honeysuckle variety Zhonghua 1 [J]. Shandong Agricultural Science, 2012,44 (1):1-.
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