Sports fracture is a common injury in sports. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the causes of sports fractures can be divided into two categories: one is external causes;
Second, internal factors. It is of great significance to clarify the cause of fracture for the prevention and treatment of athletes' sports injuries.
Key words: sports fracture; Chinese medicine; Pathogenic factor
Traditional Chinese medicine is an outstanding cultural treasure of the Chinese nation, which brings together the essence of knowledge of doctors in past dynasties and engraves the wisdom and light of China sages.
The achievements of the Hui nationality have made outstanding contributions to the prosperity of the Chinese nation. Only by absorbing the essence from the outstanding cultural treasures of the Chinese nation can it be profound.
It is an important task for sports workers to understand the operating rules inside the human body and better serve sports training. The author chooses sports.
Taking fracture as the research object, this paper reveals the causes of sports fracture and puts forward preventive countermeasures to provide theoretical reference for sports training in China.
1 Discussion on Bone Injury in Ancient Chinese Medicine Books
"Zhou Li" records "numerology, observation, visual analysis and judgment". Cai's note: "Skin injury, flesh injury and bone fracture are the same.
It records the diagnosis and classification of trauma made by the selected doctors at that time, thus opening up the source of diagnostic knowledge of disease names in orthopedics and traumatology. the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period
At that time, "On Su Wenmiao's Ci" said: "People fall, evil blood stays inside, and the injury is like the pulse of yin, and the collateral of yin is less." "Lingshu Jing"
"Bone is the stem, pulse is the camp, tendon is the rigidity, and meat is the wall", and the basic theories such as liver main reinforcement, kidney main reinforcement, spleen main reinforcement, gas pain, injury and swelling are expounded.
It still guides the clinical medical practice of traumatology. Sun Simiao's "Thousand Daughters and Fang Yi" in the Tang Dynasty summarized the drugs for nourishing bone marrow, promoting granulation and strengthening bones and muscles, which laid the foundation for bone injury.
The basis of drug therapy. The development of Qi-blood theory and Mingmen theory in Ming Dynasty was specifically applied to the pathogenesis of trauma, that is, "breaking the wound to treat blood" and "blood stasis cannot be removed"
The viewpoints of "nonunion" and "kidney is actually bone" became the physiological and pathological theory of trauma and bone in China ancient medicine.
Xue Jisheng's The Original Classic is a monograph on bone injury that has great influence on later generations. Its therapeutic medication principle strongly advocates nourishing qi and blood and liver and kidney.
In addition to excellent external medicine, we should also adjust the treatment methods of internal medicine, especially pay attention to the use of internal medicine. He emphasized that the academic thought of internal governance had a great influence on later generations.
Have a great influence. Its "Qi Theory" and "Pingbu Method" still have important guiding significance and clinical application value.
2 TCM understanding of the etiology of bone injury
The etiology of bone injury can be divided into two categories: external cause and internal cause. The external cause of bone injury refers to the external factors that act on human bones and cause injury, mainly including
It is caused by external forces, but it is closely related to exogenous pathogens and excessive infection of pathogens and toxins. External forces can damage the skin, bones and muscles of the human body, causing all kinds of injuries.
Injuries, such as falls, falls, bumps, bumps, rolls, loads, knives and guns, strain, etc. It is all related to external forces. According to the different nature of external force,
It can be divided into direct violence, indirect violence, severe muscle contraction and continuous strain. Six exogenous pathogens (wind, cold, heat, dampness, dryness and fire) are six kinds in nature.
Different climate changes, if too much or too little, will cause human diseases, which is the so-called "six evils." Exogenous six evils can cause bone and joint diseases.
Cause joint pain or unfavorable activities. In "On the Etiology of Diseases: Sudden Low Back Pain", it is pointed out: "People with husband injury and strain injury have insufficient kidney qi, while the kidney dominates the waist and legs and runs through the kidney.
Collateral spine, wind evil taking advantage of deficiency, died of kidney meridian, so he died of low back pain. ".
Meat rots. The attached bone becomes pus, and the pus does not leak, eroding the bones and muscles, which can cause local and systemic symptoms.
Internal cause refers to the factors that lead to injury due to the influence of internal changes in human body. The occurrence of injury includes acute injury, chronic strain and internal injury.
Trauma is mainly caused by external factors such as trauma, but they all have different internal factors and certain pathogenesis.
Internal causes include: age, physique, anatomy, pathology, occupation, congenital and other factors and internal injuries of seven emotions.
3. The application of bone injury theory in sports.
3. 1 Characteristics of sports fractures in different sports.
Sports fracture is a common injury in sports. With different sports, the performance of injury is different.
Table 1 is the manifestation of sports fracture among the leading factors of competitive ability.
Table 1 the performance of sports fracture in the leading factors of competitive ability
Classify the main causes of sports fractures.
Physical fitness-led endurance events
Fast strength events based on physical fitness
Speed event group based on physical fitness
Skills show difficult and beautiful projects.
Skill-oriented category performance accuracy project team
Skill-oriented category separation antagonistic event group
Skill-led antagonistic events in the same field
Skill-led fighting antagonistic events
direct
direct
direct
direct
direct
Continuous fatigue
Persistent strain of severe fracture
Indirect violence has a great influence on muscles.
Indirect violence has a great influence on muscles.
Athletes with emotional internal injuries are exposed to six evils.
Indirect violence has a great influence on muscles.
Indirect violence has a great influence on muscles.
Indirect violence has a great influence on muscles.
In physical endurance events.
It is often manifested as a major sports fracture.
The reason is that athletes are constantly nervous; And in
Fast strength project and physical quality of the leading class
In the dominant speed events, because athletes
Carry out fast and heavy load strength training, transport
The active bones are strongly impacted.
Causing severe fractures, due to the recovery of bones
Recovery is slower than muscle, and jumping practice is too much.
It will lead to continuous strain of athletes' bones and cause fractures; Skill-oriented, mainly sports fractures.
The reason is direct or indirect violent impact or strong muscle contraction; In the skill category, it rarely shows difficulty.
The current sports fracture phenomenon, if there is a sports fracture, may also be related to emotional internal injuries or athletes' exogenous six evils; In the skill-based category
In the antagonistic events of net confrontation, field confrontation and fighting, the main cause of sports fracture is direct or indirect violent impact or muscle weakness.
Therefore, in sports, we should take some targeted measures to prevent fractures according to different sports.
Healthy. In sports practice, people often attribute the occurrence of sports fractures to external factors, while ignoring that some sports fractures are caused by internal factors.
Therefore, bone strain may be the cause of sports fracture.
3.2 Mechanism analysis of bone strain during exercise
Strain is an activity beyond physiological ability, which will lead to chronic injury of body tissue, called strain. The essence of tension is
Long-term overwork causes musculoskeletal fatigue for a long time, so that local qi and blood dissipate and nutrition is lost.
Due to qi deficiency and blood stasis, physical strength is weakened due to pathological changes or excessive muscle strength, and the strength of muscles on bones and joints is weakened, often due to slight activities or sports.
Direction variation leads to tendon groove and bone dislocation.
The pathogenic characteristics of strain are mostly from light to heavy, from the outside to the inside, from tendons to bones and joints, from qi and blood to viscera, or from sudden flash.
Injury, but the external force of flashback is only the inducement, and its internal cause is strain. Therefore, although flashback has been treated, the strain has not healed, leading to lingering pain, recurrent attacks or work-related injuries.
Local qi and blood deficiency is blocked, strain and blood stasis are intrinsic, tendons and veins are blocked, malnutrition, cold and dampness and other exogenous pathogens invade, leading to joint pain or other bone and joint diseases.
The onset of strain can involve the prone viscera, especially the kidney, which dominates the waist and feet, and the waist is easy to kidney. Long-term fatigue of the waist consumes qi and blood, and deficiency of qi and essence is the law.
Kidney deficiency is more deficient. Strain can not only damage bones and muscles, but also damage qi and blood, or form blood stasis due to blood collateral damage and bleeding. "Lingshu, the beginning of all diseases" says "overexert"
Degree, venous injury. Venous injury leads to blood overflow. Yin pulse injury leads to blood overflow. "Visible strain internal bleeding not only wastes qi and blood, but also
The spilled blood turns into congestion, which in turn leads to other diseases.
Another feature of strain attack is that for the sports system, it mostly occurs in the parts with more human activities, and the parts that are easy to occur depend on
Personal professional characteristics, athletes are mostly in the limbs and waist, and people who often work at their desks are prone to neck and shoulder strain.
In sports training, improper training arrangements will lead to muscle strain. For example, some coaches try to develop the speed of athletes.
The degree and strength arrange too many over-frequency jumping exercises, which leads to excessive bone load, bone fatigue and local fatigue of athletes.
Dissipation of qi and blood leads to malnutrition, qi deficiency and blood stasis, slow bone recovery and reconstruction, long-term accumulation leads to malnutrition, poor bone toughness and increased brittleness,
It is easy to cause fractures. Zhao's calf fracture, a famous volleyball player in China, is a typical example.
Because it can be the cause of athletes' fracture. For example, athletes' physical factors can also be the cause of fracture. Some tall athletes are very long.
Some athletes are thin and have poor bearing capacity. Coaches should arrange training load according to the weight-bearing ability of athletes to avoid overwork and affect physical function. Pathological factors may also be the cause of athletes' fractures, and some athletes may suffer from suffering before.
The injury caused congestion in the injured area. Congestion is the product of human blood stasis, the pathological change of qi and blood, and the potential cause of disease.
The main reason of blood stasis is blocking meridians, leading to local stagnation of qi and blood, malnutrition and pathological changes of meridians, bones and muscles, viscera and other organs. Stagnation day
After a long time, symptoms such as changes in cold and heat may occur.
The pathogenic factors of bone injury can lead to congestion, and many injuries are secondary to congestion. After the occurrence of congestion, the meridians and qi and blood are blocked.
Blood can't run, resulting in tissue malnutrition and pathological changes. Therefore, "death is a loss, so qi and blood are inseparable." The athlete is out.
Blood stasis should be eliminated now, otherwise it will lead to the recurrence of old injuries. O 'Neill, a famous American basketball player, took many treatments for his abdominal injury due to dunk.
All the treatments have failed. Later, I saw Chinese medicine and adopted bloodletting therapy. By cutting the muscles of the injured area, the congestion flows out from the back abdomen.
This embodies the theory of "stagnation, new muscles don't grow" in traditional Chinese medicine.
Four methods to avoid athletes' sports fracture
First of all, athletes should arrange training load reasonably, pay attention to the collocation of exercise amount and intensity, and consider the recovery time of each motor organ, so as to
All moving organs take turns to rest to avoid strain caused by overload of local organs; Secondly, pay attention to taking necessary measures to protect the athletes' regular commitments.
Organs under heavy load, such as jumping on soft ground, or wearing soft and thick shoes to protect feet and legs from bone strain; Third, in the big
After the intensity training, we should relax the corresponding parts and carry out physical therapy to speed up the blood circulation, eliminate the waste produced during the exercise and speed up the recovery of athletes.
Complex; Fourth, athletes' internal organs, especially liver, kidney, spleen and other organs, should be supplemented. This is because liver blood is the main muscle, liver blood is full and muscles are nourished.
Liver blood deficiency, the function of tendons will be abnormal; Kidney governs bone, stores essence, produces essence, and is rich in bone marrow, so bone is strong; Spleen governs muscles, the muscles of human body.
Meat relies on the spleen and stomach to kill Shui Gu's qi and blood for nourishment.
In a word, the causes of sports fractures are complicated, which are related to both the external environment of sports training and the internal factors of athletes.
Contact is the result of interaction between internal and external factors. Different external factors can cause different bone injuries, and the same external factors are different due to internal factors.
In this case, the type, nature and degree of bone injury are different. Although the external cause of bone injury is very important, we should not ignore the body itself.
Therefore, we must correctly understand the dialectical relationship between internal and external causes of bone injury in order to understand the occurrence and development of bone injury diseases.
With the corresponding preventive measures, the incidence of bone injury can be reduced and the correct treatment can be obtained.
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