1. Title: Be concise, clear and general, with no more than 20 words.
2. Abstract: It should be highly summarized, and the language should be concise and clear. The Chinese abstract is about 100-200 words;
3. Keywords: Choose 3 ~ 5 words that can best express the main content from the title or text of the paper as keywords.
4. Contents: Write the contents and indicate the page numbers.
5. Text:
The number of words in the main body of the paper should generally be more than 3000 words.
The main body of the paper includes three parts: preface, theory and conclusion.
The preface is the beginning of the paper, which mainly explains the purpose, practical significance and understanding of the research problems, and puts forward the central argument of the paper. The preface should be concise, not too long.
This paper is the main body of the paper, including research contents and methods, experimental materials, experimental results and analysis and discussion. In this part, we should use various research methods and experimental results to analyze problems, demonstrate opinions and try our best to reflect our scientific research ability and academic level.
The conclusion is the conclusion part of the paper, which is made around this theory. Its basic point is to summarize the full text and deepen the meaning of the problem.
6. Thank you: Briefly describe my experience in writing my thesis, and express my gratitude to the instructor and the relevant personnel who assisted in completing the thesis.
7. References: The monographs, papers and other materials cited in the paper should be listed at the end of the paper, and the listed references should be arranged in the order of references or citations.
8. Notes: In the process of writing the thesis, some problems need to be elaborated and explained outside the text.
9. Appendix: Some contents that are not suitable for the text but have reference value can be incorporated into the appendix.
A model essay on medicine
Relationship between clinical medicine and laboratory medicine
Abstract: Laboratory medicine is a new independent discipline and an important part of clinical medicine. Laboratory medicine should be closely combined with clinic.
[Keywords:] laboratory medicine, role change; ; Wuchuang medicine
Laboratory medicine refers to correctly collecting and measuring clinical specimens, providing accurate and timely reports, and providing consulting services for clinic L to help the clinic compare these figures.
According to the correct application in diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Its base
This task is to determine the clinical diagnosis of patients by examining organisms, microorganisms, serum, antigens and antibodies, cells or other body fluids, and cooperating with other examination techniques.
1 Laboratory medicine covers a wider range of contents and extended kits.
Now, the hospital laboratory has already bid farewell to the era of manual operation. At present, all kinds of automatic chemical analyzers have replaced the previous manual operation, and the hospital laboratory has gradually developed from the initial manual workshop work mode to a modern laboratory with good organization and working conditions. Its technical content has been greatly improved.
For example, in clinical biochemical detection technology, the original chemical detection method is gradually replaced by enzyme-linked colorimetric method with higher sensitivity, and enzymes are introduced at the same time.
Immunological method of continuous monitoring coupling. In the application of reagents, it has also developed from the initial freeze-dried reagents to liquid double reagents, thus making the detection results of clinical specimens more accurate.
Sex and accuracy. In clinical immunology, with the development of monoclonal antibodies, labeled immunology and the application of various photochemical immunoassay methods, anti-100.
The sensitivity of detection of protoantibody is greatly improved. In clinical microbiological examination, each
The standardization and commercialization of reagents ensure the quality of various media. Especially in the application of radionuclide 14C labeling technology, special CO2 receptor and fluorescence extinction principle to judge blood culture results, and the digital classification and identification of microorganisms and computer expert analysis system to analyze the results, not only the renovation detection time is greatly shortened, but also the results are more detailed and accurate, and the renovation process is more standardized. In the detection of blood and body fluids, the automatic multi-classification blood cell counter and hemagglutination instrument enter the laboratory, which cancels the manual detection of coagulation time and expands the detection of molecular markers on the surface of white blood cells, thus making DIC diagnosis and clinical anticoagulant therapy monitoring more reliable. At present and in the future, the classification of leukemia has developed from simple morphological classification to comprehensive classification of chromosomes, genetics, immunology and molecular biology, which greatly improves the accuracy of leukemia diagnosis and treatment.
In this case, the traditional physical examination itself can not completely cover the cause.
82I Public Health 20 12 Stage 5
This has brought great changes to the inspection. This is the reason why laboratory medicine came into being and developed rapidly.
Laboratory medicine has developed into a discipline.
With the continuous development of medical examination, it is not only more and more different from traditional medical examination, but also its characteristics different from other medical professions have begun to emerge:
2. 1 It emphasizes overall cooperation more than other medical specialties. Laboratory medicine now, early.
Breakthrough the previous three routine tests of blood, urine and stool. In the face of a wide variety of inspection items and more and more accurate inspection requirements, overall cooperation is very necessary. As far as the accuracy of test results is concerned, it involves not only the determination of the time, place and method of specimen collection, but also the selection of test methods to minimize errors.
Use the same method to detect the interference of the same target, and try to reduce the interference of using different reagents to detect the same target.
The difference of standard time, try to reduce the difference when different instruments detect the same target, try to reduce the difference between individual operations and try to reduce the difference between different laboratories. If there is an error in one of these links, the final detection result will be objective.
2.2 Laboratory medicine is more sensitive to the application of new technologies than other specialties, and its disciplines are developed.
The relationship between exhibitions and new technologies is also closer. Taking molecular biology technology as an example, for laboratory medicine, molecular biology has greatly surrounded the work of laboratory medicine.
Expansion can not only change the trial from posterior judgment to prospective judgment, but also expand its application scope to diagnosis, evaluation of therapeutic effect, evaluation of prognosis, prediction of individual disease trend, evaluation of epidemiology, health status and selection of drug sensitive targets.
2.3 Automatic integration makes the inspection faster. This is very important for treatment. exist
In the near future, clinical medical examination will face a qualitative change: first, there will be no obvious disciplinary dividing line among clinical biochemistry, immunology, microbiology and hematology, and the detection means will be more automatic, integrated and intelligent. big
The application and introduction of a large number of biotechnology, such as gene cloning technology, biochip technology, nucleic acid hybridization technology, biosensor technology and various PCR technologies, will make | a new look.
The bed laboratory has higher scientific and technological level, stronger academic atmosphere and better personnel quality.
The role of color change test medicine in modern medicine is becoming more and more obvious, not only related to patients,
Doctors are closely related, which is also closely related to the medical level of the whole hospital. Accurate test indicators can not only evaluate the therapeutic effect, but also guide doctors to use drugs clinically, which provides considerable possibilities for improving the overall medical level. For example, if the blood culture of septicemia is positive, the pathogen diagnosis of the disease can be confirmed, and further drug sensitivity tests can also put forward clear methods for the treatment of patients. This avoids the problem that doctors use the same medical methods and drugs for different patients with the same disease according to their own medication habits.
In addition, it also plays a very significant role in the prevention of diseases, because the early stage of diseases often lacks obvious symptoms and signs, and patients generally do not pay attention to it. They are usually diagnosed by laboratory examination and treated in time. Today, the role of laboratory medicine in modern medicine has quietly changed, and it has changed from a medical auxiliary role to an important part of modern medicine.
4. The importance and necessity of the close combination of laboratory medicine and clinical medicine, the relationship between laboratory medicine and clinical medicine is inseparable, and clinical laboratory work.
The core is to test the quality problem, so the person in charge of the laboratory should take the initiative to pay the money with the clinical department.
Flow, communication, dialogue and cooperation.
4. The core of the document11189 is the total quality management system of medical laboratories, which emphasizes the whole process management of medical examination before, during and after delivery. In post-analysis quality control, inspectors are required to check the quality of the research institute. Results Make a reasonable explanation, collect feedback from clinical departments or patients, accept reasonable suggestions and requirements, improve laboratory work, or develop new business to meet clinical needs. During the communication and dialogue, the laboratory staff can also publicize and explain the clinical significance of new technologies and new projects, and how to use them reasonably and effectively to help the clinic.
The bed doctor diagnosed the disease. For example, anaerobic bacteria cultivation is not a new project, but it is not used enough in many hospitals, even in the clinical departments of large hospitals, and some are still interested.
When the result of feeding and returning is that no bacteria grow, the doctor thinks that the laboratory technology is insufficient. In fact, it is probably caused by anaerobic infection, and the doctor did not apply for anaerobic culture.
4.2 In the hospital's total quality management plan, the head of the clinical laboratory participated in the clinical consultation.
Case discussion, etc. It is beneficial to the communication and improvement between the two sides. And laboratory doctors should take the initiative to go out and examine patients or cases in clinical departments, and deal with suspicious results in the inspection process.
Investigate and verify.
4.3 Laboratory departments actively participate in cooperation: the status and role of laboratory medicine show that the task of laboratory medicine is not only to passively provide information or results. For a long time in the past, the laboratory was positioned as an "auxiliary department". In other words, the laboratory can only provide clinicians with the required test results. Once the laboratory provides the test results without regulations, it will be considered as "offside". This one-sided, negative and outdated prejudice should be corrected.
Laboratory medicine is a combination of modern laboratory science and technology and clinical practice at a high level, and it is a new interdisciplinary subject. At present, it is developing in the direction of high theory, high technology and high level. Due to the increase in the number of projects carried out in the laboratory, the application of new technologies and revolutionary changes in methodology, the quality and level of inspection have been significantly improved.
So high that more and more clinicians rely on the comprehensive analysis of test information for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis judgment, so the test work plays an important role in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Go to work. In a word, laboratory medicine and clinical medicine must be closely combined, infiltrated and communicated with each other.
Only by learning from each other can we truly realize the patient-centered goal and achieve the development of laboratory medicine and clinical medicine more perfectly.
References:
[1] Ji's foundation. Clinical laboratory must be standardized management]. China Hospital Management, 20∞, 1: Objective To understand the problem and to draw materials. Once the doctor finds the version of the liquid culture for inspection, 36