As for the appreciation of ancient poetry, the examination notes position it as a "preliminary" appreciation of the image, language, expression skills and ideological content of poetry. However, in the actual exam, the score rate of poetry appreciation questions has been low, and many students regard it as an insurmountable gap, which makes them daunting, so that they follow their feelings in a daze and unfortunately lose their due scores. To solve this problem, we should train from two aspects: on the one hand, we should accumulate extensively and master as many ancient poems as possible. Being knowledgeable will definitely help solve the problem. On the other hand, we should learn appreciation skills, which is an important means to cope with the exam. The combination of these two points is the strategy of "accumulation+skill". The following author mainly talks about skills: First, pay attention to the accumulation of background knowledge of ancient poetry, mainly including the poet's life experience, thoughts and feelings, artistic style and so on. Mastering these contents, we can make a condescending analysis when we appreciate poetry. For example, Du Fu's life of worrying about the country and the people, and his depressed and frustrated style; Li Bai's cynical life, fresh and elegant style; Xin Qiji's "The Great Cause Against Song Jinfu" is not only magnificent in theme, but also tactful in technique. Other poets, such as Wang Wei, Du Mu, Li Shangyin, Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Lu You, etc. We need to make a research summary in our usual review. Here, the author has a simple summary: For example, The Book of Songs is the source of realism, and The Songs of the South is the source of romanticism. The ancient poems of Han Dynasty have a sad color, while the poems of Three Caos (Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi) are desolate and vigorous. Wang Wei's poems are implicit and vivid, while frontier poems (represented by Gao Shi and Cen Can) are magnificent and extraordinary. Li Bai's poems are cynical, fresh and elegant; Du Fu's poems pay attention to the life of the country and people, and have a gloomy and depressed style. Bai Juyi's poems appeal to both refined and popular tastes, Li He's poems are grotesque and changeable, Li Shangyin's poems are beautiful and elegant, and Du Mu's poems are subtle and graceful. A group of "Huajian School" poets (Wei Zhuang, Ouyang Jiong, Li Xun, Sun Kexian, etc. ), represented by Wen, has both a rich, mellow and soft side and a fresh and elegant side. Li Yu's ci is decadent, sad and delicate and touching. Ouyang Xiu's poems are beautiful and affectionate. Fan Zhongyan's ci is desolate and solemn, Yan Shu's ci is clear and sparse, Su Shi's ci is vigorous and bold, Liu Yong's ci is touching and sad, Huang Tingjian's ci is fluent and natural, Qin Guan's ci is sincere and sincere, Li Qingzhao's ci is graceful and sad, and Yang Wanli's ci is fresh and lively. Lu you, known as Xiao Taibai, is bold and unrestrained, clear and smooth; Xin Qiji's ci style is not only a majestic theme, but also many works are euphemistic. In addition, Jiang Kui is a metrical poet, whose characteristics are nuanced, simple and elegant ... These poetic styles have always influenced the poetry circles in Ming and Qing Dynasties, so it is not difficult to find the influence of ancient poetic styles in Qiu Jin's poems. It should be emphasized that a preliminary understanding of the author's style will bring us some convenience. But we should also see that the so-called style refers to the main theme of the poet's writing, and it is not without exception. Everyone needs to use it flexibly according to the situation. Second, pay attention to the implied information of poetry, such as title, background prompt, notes and so on. These are all important, and some of them may be the key to understanding poetry. Please look at the following poem: Try Zhang Shui's Zhu Qingyu's bridal chamber. Last night, he put out the red candle and waited for Tang Xiao to visit his menstruation. Make-up, low eyebrow asked her husband, is it deep thrush? Looking at the content of this poem alone, it seems that it is written about the psychological state of a newly married wife when she is preparing to meet her in-laws for the first time. After reading the title, the author Zhu Qingyu compared her in-laws to examiners and the groom to her good friend Zhang Shuibu, showing her anxiety and hoping that Zhang Shuibu would help her pass the test. Let's look at the following poem: Zhang Xushan made a guest appearance in the mountains, making a light gesture of spring glow, and planning to return for the light spirit. Even if there was no rain in Mystery, the clothes were dyed deep in the clouds. If you don't read the title of this poem, you may misunderstand that the author's writing purpose is to praise the beautiful scenery in the mountain or persuade people to stay and enjoy the beautiful scenery in the mountain. Only by reading the title of the poem can we understand the writing intention of this poem. Third, with the help of all kinds of knowledge and information, analyze the feelings and scenery of poetry. Poetry is the best lyric form in literary works, which has been the case since ancient times. When we appreciate poetry, we should savor the feelings expressed in it. Because the emotion in poetry is implicit in various descriptions, it is not straightforward, which requires us to have a clear purpose and analyze various skills of poetry from various angles. For example, 200 1 national topic: farewell to Li Zhou and Wei in the night rain, is it all the way across the river to Chu? The bell in the evening came to us from Nanjing. The rain is heavy, the sky is not right, and the birds fly slowly. The Yangtze River flows into the distance of the Yangtze River, and the trees are full of rain. Farewell to my old friend, I love infinity, and tears fall down on the river. The title of this song is farewell theme. Since ancient times, poets have been sad about parting, and when the author expresses his feelings of parting, he puts his feelings in the scene and sets off his feelings with the scene, which has produced excellent results. You see, in the light rain, in the twilight, the sails are heavy, the birds are flying slowly, "the deep ocean gate is invisible", the future is uncertain, "only the big branches of Pukou are newly dripping", and even the trees on the Yuanjiang River are immersed in the affectionate rain, let alone the people who bid farewell? People are naturally "similarly, because of our great love, there is a line of water on our faces". There are two key points in the description of scenery here: "sail weight" and "distance", which are not only descriptions of natural scenery, but also descriptions of people's feelings. From the analysis of the above poems, we can see that when we appreciate ancient poems, we should pay attention to relevant knowledge and information, such as the title, author, background materials, final dialogues, keywords in lines, etc. Fourth, master some necessary allusions and common allusions in ancient poetry, and the use of allusions can get a concise and peculiar effect. The review of allusions should strive to avoid being difficult to understand, but we must pay attention to mastering what we have touched and common sense as much as possible. For example, Blue Sima, The Word of Cardamom, Lang Feng's Preface, Guanhe, Sanshan and Loulan. For example, read the following Song Ci and answer the following question: If Meng Ling (Yanrui) Road is a pear flower, is it an apricot flower? White inside is red, especially the oriental flavor. I remember, I remember, people were slightly drunk in Wuling. This song poem uses a famous allusion. Whose work is he from? From this, we can see what this song ci is about. What feelings are you expressing? Looking back at Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden, we can know that the story of "Wu Lingren" is used in "People Drunk in Wuling", from which we can infer that this song poem describes peach blossoms and expresses the author's noble and secular feelings. Some common images in ancient poems have specific uses, such as "willow", "moon" and "pavilion" in farewell poems, "running water", "spring rain" and "spring grass" in hate poems, "wild goose" and "red bean" in expressing thoughts, and "bamboo" and "orchid" in festivals. For example, the national college entrance examination in 2002 involved this knowledge: read the following poem and then answer the question. One spring night in Los Angeles, I heard the flute and Li Bai's Yu Di dancing, and the spring breeze filled Los Angeles. Who can't get homesick when they hear that there is another village in the serenade? When evaluating this poem, predecessors once said that the word "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. What is the moral of "breaking willow" in the poem? Do you agree with the key theory? Why? Doing this problem will be much easier if you have the usual accumulation of "folding willow" image! Fifth, pay attention to mastering certain answering skills to answer questions about the appreciation of ancient poetry. Generally, there are not too many words, but the content of the answer is also like an argumentative paper. It must have arguments, arguments, clear focus, reasonable order, accurate wording and appropriate expression. If what you say is incoherent and vague, you may lose points even if you understand it correctly. With regard to the accuracy and proper expression of terms, we have mastered some commonly used terms: term A, commonly used in appreciation of ancient poetry, evaluating the theme, deepening the artistic conception, deepening the theme, profound artistic conception, beautiful and meaningful, intriguing and far-reaching significance: the language is simple and easy to understand, and the theme is far-reaching. Concise and meaningful: the language is concise and rich in content. Meaning beyond words: meaning beyond words, meaning beyond words, meaning beyond words, meaning beyond words, meaning infinite: implicit, euphemistic, wordless, all romantic; The meaning is implicit, or the expression is not obvious, which is intriguing. Zhang Xianzhi: Point out the main points at the end of the article. Make the finishing point: point out the main idea with one or two wonderful sentences. Express your feelings directly. A symbol of holding something to express one's will: express one's feelings and thoughts by describing and discussing something or an object. Seeing the big from the small: reflecting major themes from ordinary and subtle things. Cut to the chase: get to the point at the beginning of the article, don't beat around the bush. Entrust: express feelings and themes on one thing. Set off: Set off one thing against another to make the latter stand out. Rendering: Tracking colors to enhance the effect. Description: contrast: the purpose is to highlight one side. Nostalgia hurts the present, borrowing the past to satirize the present: remembering the past and feeling sad about the reality. Enlightenment: Say something else first, so as to arouse what is being sung. The scenes blend with each other. The scene is lyrical by borrowing scenery. Scenes blend with feelings. All the scenery is sentimental. Overview of C language features: concise language description, general introduction of things. Thick ink and heavy color: meticulous and delicate description. Vivid: To describe realistically, especially a person or an animal. Everything has a state (phase): the description is meticulous and vivid. Poetic and picturesque: the discussion class is full of philosophy, and the D language style class is flowing: the structure and language are natural and smooth. Both form and spirit: language, structure and other forms and contents are impeccable. Concise washing (practice): the language is concise and neat. Simple and clear: no sculpture, no decoration. Simple, simple, fresh and elegant, with gorgeous and bright words: clear and smooth. Depression and desolation: low, vigorous, soothing, sad, etc. Bold and bold: majestic, strong and bold. E pave the way for the structure of the article: explain and hint before the plot happens. Ambush pen: a clue buried in the front part for the back part. Echo and care: the connection before and after. Nature: the structure is very complete, as if it were naturally generated. F writing skills are virtual and real: virtual refers to the imaginary part of the article. A mixture of water and milk: closely combined. Other ideas are original, novel and unique, unique, unconventional and unconventional: innovative and unconventional formats and practices. Quite clever, delicate and sincere, the twists and turns on the paper are clear and clear, and they are catchy in one go. Finally, I emphasize two points: First, improving the ability to appreciate ancient poetry can not solve the problem by listening to a few words of analysis, but the key lies in your usual study and accumulation. Second, any skills and rules mentioned by teachers and materials cannot be applied rigidly. For example, most of Xin Qiji's poems reflect the patriotic anti-gold policy and the anti-partial security policy, but they also show the leisure life in the countryside. So we must use it flexibly according to the situation.

The routine of answering questions

The first mode analyzes the artistic conception: what artistic conception did this poem create? Question variant: What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express? Answer analysis: This is one of the most common questions. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginary realm created by the combination of objects (that is, images) that entrust the poet's feelings. Including scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions. The general idea of answering the question is: what is image+image characteristics+artistic effect+poet's feeling. Step 1: Describe the picture shown in the poem. Candidates should grasp the main scenery in the poem and reproduce the picture in their own language. When describing, one should be faithful to the original poem, the other should be recreated with one's own association and imagination, and the language should be beautiful. ② Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as lonely and cold, quiet and beautiful, vigorous and magnificent, bleak and desolate, etc. , and should pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery. ③ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Don't be empty, but give specific answers. For example, it is not enough to answer "expressing the author's sentimental feelings", but also to answer "sentimental" why. Questioning method: What kind of expression is used in this poem? Title change: please analyze the expression (or artistic technique, or technique) of this poem. How do poets express their feelings? What's the effect? Answer steps: (1) Point out exactly what technique was used. (2) Explain why this technique is combined with poetry. (3) This technique effectively conveys the poet's feelings. Form of expression: This poem uses (expression, rhetoric, expression) to write the characteristics of (image), express (highlight) (certain) thoughts and feelings, and play a (certain) role. Questioning method: What are the linguistic features of this poem? Question variant: Please analyze the language style of this poem. On the language art of this poem. Answer steps: (1) Use one or two words to accurately point out the language features. (2) Analyze this feature with relevant sentences in the poem. (3) Point out how the author's feelings are expressed. Answer format: overall evaluation+artistic effect of sentence analysis combining form and content+feelings expressed by the poet. The fourth mode is refined font questioning method: What is the most vivid word in this couplet? Why? Problem variant: one sentence has always been praised. What do you think of it? Answer steps: (1) Explain the meaning of words in sentences. (2) Expand the association and put the word in the original sentence to describe the scene. (3) point out what kind of artistic conception the word sets off, or what kind of feelings it expresses. The fifth mode is "one word leads the whole poem": one word is the key to the whole poem, why? Answer steps: The role of the word (1) in highlighting the main idea. (2) Consider the role of words in the structure of poetry. This is the general routine of answering questions.