1, research purposes are different: the thesis is designed to solve specific problems or achieve specific goals, meet certain practical needs, and promote scientific and technological progress or development. Non-project papers pay more attention to theoretical exploration, academic research or personal interests, and their research purposes are broader.

2. Different research scope: Due to the restrictions and constraints of funding institutions, the research scope is more specific and clear, while non-project papers are more free and extensive, covering a wider range of topics and fields.