At this time, the people of the whole country are filled with indignation, and it is easy to believe and forward inflammatory remarks. But is the fact really so exaggerated?
In the spirit of seeking truth from facts, Bian Xiao checked the origin of this statement, which is the news of People's Daily 200 1:
Note that the Japanese free aid to China mentioned in this report is only the polio vaccine, not the problematic DTP and rabies vaccine. Therefore, it cannot be said that without Japanese assistance, the vaccine in our country will go wrong. There is also a saying that we were born after 80s and 90s, and the reason why we are healthier is that we were vaccinated by the Japanese, which is even more unfounded.
China vaccine.
Defeated the "devil" virus.
Even the polio vaccine is not entirely aided by Japan. In the early 1950s, shortly after the founding of New China, polio broke out in some provinces and regions of China, commonly known as polio. In the big cities of our country, we can often see such a scene: parents of children with polio are rushing between major hospitals, trying to treat their children, but they are unwilling to give up after repeated wars and defeats. Polio is an infectious disease that seriously endangers health, and it is also the second infectious disease that WHO (World Health Organization) plans to eradicate after smallpox.
Walking of polio patients
1964, Gu, the "father of virologica sinica", has developed a live vaccine of spinal cord gray, which is our childhood sugar pill, and then this sugar pill was put into use on a large scale in China. It was he and other researchers who developed the "sugar pill of polio live vaccine", which saved countless children from disability in China.
Gu, "the father of virologica sinica"
Gu (1926——), a virologist and professor from Ningbo, Zhejiang. 1950 graduated from the medical department of Peking university medical college; 1955 graduated from the Institute of Virology, Soviet Academy of Medical Sciences, with an associate doctorate in medicine. Member of the Standing Committee of China Association for Science and Technology, honorary chairman of China Biomedical Engineering Society and honorary chairman of China Immunology Society. Gu has been engaged in polio prevention and control research for 42 years and is one of the pioneers in tissue culture of oral live vaccine in China. From 65438 to 0958, he isolated poliovirus for the first time in China, which provided a scientific basis for the formulation of immunization program. In the early 1960s, he successfully developed two kinds of live vaccines, liquid and sugar pills, which saved hundreds of thousands of children from disability. At the same time, the suggestion of using live vaccine technology to eradicate polio and the immunization scheme and strategy suitable for China's national conditions were put forward.
1959, China suffered a natural disaster for three years. Under extremely difficult conditions, medical elites from all over the country began a difficult exploration in Huahong Cave. At that time, everyone lived in caves and ate miscellaneous grains, but everyone was in high spirits, growing their own vegetables, drilling their own wells and building their own roads, and went through hardships.
1959, Gu (front row, first from the right) and his staff set up a biomedical research institute in Kunming, and are building a site to level the foundation.
In June, Premier Zhou Enlai inspected the Institute of Medical Biology.
Gu Zhoufang recalled: "I reported that if all children under the age of 7 can be vaccinated, our country will hopefully eradicate polio." The Prime Minister said happily,' Great'! And joked,' Aren't you going to lose your jobs then? I said no, then we will study and rule out other diseases. The Prime Minister looked at me and said,' Have this ambition'! "
With the efforts of researchers and the encouragement and support of national leaders, three batches of live attenuated polio vaccine were successfully developed in less than two years.
Accompanied by Comrade Gu, Premier the State Council inspected the Institute of Biology.
The newly developed vaccine samples must be tested for safety. Several scientists decided to try drugs themselves. Gu and his colleagues were vaccinated first, and everything was normal after the observation period. However, it is not enough to have only examples of adults, and the safety must be re-determined in children.
It is absolutely intolerable for researchers to do such experiments on strange children. In desperation, everyone focused on the children, and they decided to test the safety of the vaccine with them. Gu also gave the vaccine to his son.
Every time colleagues go to work, they ask each other how their children are. Every child belongs to everyone. The trial period passed slowly, and the children were safe, which proved that the vaccine was safe. Many researchers cried with joy, including Gu.
Finally, in March of 1960, the institute produced the first batch of attenuated polio vaccine, which was inoculated in children in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and other cities 1 1, proving that its immune effect is good, safe and reliable.
"sugar pill"-oral polio sugar pill
What Gu is proud of so far is not only the successful development of polio vaccine, but also the ingenuity of making it into small sugar pills.
When the vaccine was first developed successfully, it was a liquid preparation. Dropping test tubes on steamed bread is often rejected by children, and some waste often occurs during transportation and dripping. One day, Gu was suddenly inspired by his colleague's children eating sugar and decided to make the vaccine into sweet sugar. This idea turned out to be a major breakthrough.
Seeing that the children happily put the vaccine in their mouths, some ate one and clamored for the next one, the researchers all laughed: "We were working around the clock in the mountains with an empty stomach to help these children!"
These inventions make the sugar pill vaccine quickly rush to every corner of the motherland. From 65438 to 0965, vaccines were gradually popularized in rural areas of China, and the incidence of polio dropped significantly. From 65438 to 0978, China began to implement planned immunization, and the number of cases continued to decline in waves.
In 2000, it was confirmed by the China countries and the World Health Organization's Confirmation Committee for the Eradication of Polio in the Western Pacific Region that the spread of wild poliovirus in China had been blocked and it became a polio-free country.
Ancient Shennong tasted a hundred herbs.
Today, she tried the vaccine herself.
Gu asked her children to test the safety of the vaccine, and this great woman, like Shennong, did not hesitate to test herself for the safety of the vaccine.
When China was labeled as "hepatitis country", she vowed to rid China of "hepatitis country" in her lifetime. It was she who changed all this after many difficulties and dangers.
She is China's "mother of hepatitis B vaccine": Tao.
Tao, born in party member, China, is a national model worker, one of the top ten health guards in the capital, a pioneer in the prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis in China, the founder of the immunological test of viral hepatitis in China, the founder of the Peking University Institute of Liver Diseases (formerly the Institute of Liver Diseases of Beijing Medical College), the first blood-borne hepatitis B vaccine developer in China, and the first director and honorary director of the Peking University Institute of Liver Diseases.
As we all know, China is a big country with hepatitis B. Before 1975, China didn't even have hepatitis B vaccine. In the face of the ravages of hepatitis B, everyone is at a loss. At this time, the important task of studying hepatitis B vaccine fell on Tao.
As early as 1963, the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus was discovered in Australia by American scientist and Nobel Prize winner, and named as "Australian Resistance". "Australian resistance" can be used as an indicator of hepatitis B virus infection. Only by in-depth understanding and research of hepatitis B patients and hepatitis B virus can it be possible to develop hepatitis B vaccine.
In order to determine the hepatitis B virus carriers ("Australian anti-"positive), we need a hepatitis B virus detection kit, which is not available in China, so developing a kit is the primary problem that Tao faces. To make a kit, you need to have purified hepatitis B surface antigen. Purification of HBsAg requires aseptic conditions and advanced instruments, which are lacking in China. Tao adapts to local conditions and uses all resources at hand to make instruments and consumables. In the absence of high efficiency dextran gel molecular sieve, purified surface antigens were also obtained by repeated chromatography with different types of domestic products. When animals are immunized with this antigen, specific antibodies will be produced in the red blood cells of animals. In order to obtain these antibodies, an ultrasonic crushing device is needed, and there is no related equipment in China. Tao made qualified erythrocyte membrane by artificial earthwork, and then made sensitive blood cells with surface antigen. In this way, the first set of hepatitis B test kit in China independently developed by China was finally born. 1973 10 At the Western Pacific Hepatitis Laboratory Working Conference held in Tokyo, Japan in June, this kit was well received by researchers from eight countries.
HBeAg antibody EIA kit developed by Institute of Hepatology
With the emergence of the sharp weapon of detecting hepatitis B virus, the development of hepatitis B vaccine has become the focus of work. Tao uses all available time to study and study domestic and foreign literature. There is no sterile room, he designed and made it himself. Without an isolation system, he made a closed device with a salt bottle and an infusion stand. She led the team to use the serum of hepatitis B antigen carriers, and obtained the pure surface antigen after centrifugation. After inactivation, the first hepatitis B vaccine in China was made in June 65438+July 1. 0975. The newly developed vaccine needs to verify its effectiveness and safety in gorillas. Unable to find a suitable gorilla, Tao resolutely injected himself with an unproven vaccine. Three months later, Qi Min didn't get sick. He successfully detected hepatitis B antibody, and the vaccine experiment was successful!
On August 29th, 1975, Tao (first from left) experimented with hepatitis vaccine on himself.
1 July 9751,code 757 1, which is a milestone in the history of vaccine development and production in China. From then on, people in China can get rid of the threat of hepatitis B, and vaccine researchers represented by Tao Wei can pay their lives and health for people's health. They deserve our eternal respect and commemoration!
At that time, the hepatitis B vaccine research team of Beijing People's Hospital (third from right, Tao)
Facing the same vaccine, she experimented on herself, putting the health of others before her own safety!
Today, some manufacturers even ignore the health of millions of people!
In the face of the same vaccine, she didn't make a penny in developing the vaccine.
Nowadays, the profits of some vaccine manufacturers have reached 9 1.59%, making a lot of money!
Unfortunately, China, the mother of hepatitis B vaccine, died on 20171kloc-0/5438+05 at the age of 86.
The real "God of Vaccines"
You may not understand that in the history of the Chinese nation, a scientific giant gave China the most advanced vaccine at that time and gave the Chinese nation the courage and confidence to resist the virus.
1992165438+1October 22nd, to commemorate Tang's outstanding contribution to human health, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of China issued Tang commemorative stamps.
"Father of Chlamydia" Tang is a medical microbiologist. Liling, Hunan, also known as Zhao Rui. He produced China's own rabies vaccine, diphtheria vaccine, vaccinia vaccine and the world's first typhoid vaccine, which reduced the incidence of trachoma from nearly 95% to below 10%. After the Anti-Japanese War, China produced BCG and gamma globulin by itself. After liberation, the plague epidemic in North China was successfully contained in 1950, and the yellow fever vaccine in China was developed. His choice of vaccinia "celestial virus species" and his method of killing miscellaneous bacteria with ether can mass-produce high-quality vaccinia vaccine under simple conditions, laying the foundation for the early eradication of smallpox in China. 196 1 year, China successfully eliminated smallpox virus by its research methods, which was 16 years earlier than the world.
Documentary: The Life of Tang Dynasty
1On July 23rd, 897, Tang was born in Changsha, Hunan. Seeing his fellow villagers tortured by diseases since childhood, he has the ideal of saving the world. He studied in Xiangya Medical College in his early years. After his success, when his classmates invited him to practice medicine in Yiguang, he said:
"How many people can you cure when you are a doctor for a lifetime? If we can invent a preventive method, we can prevent hundreds of millions of people from contracting infectious diseases! "
Group photo of the first graduates of Xiangya Medical College.
From 65438 to 0925, Tang studied in the United States, studied in the Department of Bacteriology of Harvard Medical School, and studied under the famous bacteriologist Hans Zinsser.
Four years later, Tang, who graduated from Harvard University, returned to China at the invitation of his teacher Yan Fuqing. He set up a laboratory in Shanghai to study trachoma. Trachoma was a very serious epidemic at that time: the incidence of trachoma was about 55% in China and as high as 80% in rural areas.
Japanese scientist Hideki Noguchi published a paper in 1928, claiming to have discovered the pathogen of trachoma-Bacillus granulosus. However, in the seven-month experiment, Tang failed to repeat the result of Noguchi. After follow-up research, he published a paper in 1935, which overthrew Noguchi's hypothesis.
The eight-year anti-Japanese war interrupted Tang's research on trachoma, but Tang did not stop. During the war, he rebuilt the central epidemic prevention office. Penicillin produced by the central epidemic prevention department has saved the lives of countless soldiers. The vaccinia vaccine they produced made China the first country to eliminate smallpox 16 in the world. They developed a yellow fever vaccine under the technical blockade of western countries.
Photos taken by technicians from the central epidemic prevention department.
The conditions in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's time were very difficult. Dr Joseph Needham, a world-famous embryo chemist (the author of the History of Science and Technology in China), witnessed the work of the central epidemic prevention department and published what he saw and heard in the British magazine Nature. He wrote: "For several months, the only boiler is still leaking, which is very unsafe and needs to be repaired every night after use. It is this boiler that carries out all disinfection and supplies distilled water. Fortunately, there was no accident. "
After the founding of New China, Tang served as the director of Beijing Institute of Biological Products of the Ministry of Health. At that time, serious infectious diseases were still raging in some places, and he led his colleagues in the Institute of Biological Products to race against time to develop much-needed vaccines and serum. In order to ensure the safe production of biological products under the supervision of the state, he proposed and presided over the formulation of the first "Regulations on Biological Products" in China.
From 65438 to 0954, after everything was on the right track, Tang continued to isolate trachoma pathogens. Even after thousands of failures, he did not give up. Considering that the pathogen of trachoma is very similar to LGV (sexually transmitted lymphogranuloma), and LGV can also grow in chicken yolk sac, Tang and his assistant decided to isolate the pathogen with chicken yolk sac as experimental material. In the eighth isolation experiment with the new method, the first trachoma pathogen in the world was isolated. This pathogen is the famous TE8, T stands for trachoma, E stands for eggs, and 8 is the eighth experiment.
Chlamydia trachomatis under microscope
In order to prove that the isolated pathogen can cause trachoma in humans, he privately ordered his assistant to drop the trachoma pathogen into his eyes. Soon, he developed obvious clinical symptoms of trachoma. And in the following 40 days, he insisted on not doing any treatment and collected a batch of very reliable clinical data.
His discovery led people to find a cure for trachoma. In less than two years, the incidence of trachoma in China has dropped below 6%.
Now the vaccine incident is at the forefront of public opinion.
Anxious parents rummaged through vaccine books,
I'm afraid the child's vaccine is ineffective.
Just when everyone panicked,
Something terrible happened,
In fact, many people have begun to boycott vaccines!
Even credit the vaccine to other countries!
Since the implementation of the immunization program from 65438 to 0978, China has become one of the few countries and regions in the world that can solve all the planned immunization vaccines by itself, basically covering all the key vaccine types recommended by the World Health Organization. There is no obvious difference between domestic vaccines and imported vaccines in quality standards, safety and use; Moreover, domestic vaccines have been recognized by the world and have gone abroad-
If these events lead to vaccine panic,
Refuse all vaccinations,
Everyone must be injured.
For decades, on the road of vaccine research and development,
The medical ancestors worked hard for our health.
We can't give up eating because of choking!
Hope to adopt. Thank you.