In the process of China's economic and social development, the problems of population, employment and social security restrict and influence each other, and there are always close internal relations. Overpopulation is one of the root causes of many economic and social problems in China. The sustained growth of population has caused the increasingly prominent contradiction between resources and environment, which poses a challenge to the sustainable development strategy. The continuous increase of working-age population leads to the contradiction between labor supply and demand, and the employment situation is grim, which affects the improvement of people's living standards and aggravates the widening income gap. The accelerated development of population aging has further increased the payment pressure of social security and has had a profound impact on economic and social development. The imperfect social security system not only poses a threat to social stability, but also hinders the deepening of economic system reform and the accelerated adjustment of economic structure. Population, employment and social security are major problems that China must face for a long time in the process of modernization. Therefore, we should take the population problem as the starting point, coordinate population, employment and social security from the perspective of macro-control, continue to control the population and improve the quality of the population; Further improve the employment structure, expand the employment space and form a market-oriented employment mechanism; Focusing on deepening the reform of the social security system, we will speed up the construction of the social security system and basically meet the multi-level security needs of urban and rural residents.
As a basic system, social security is the "safety net" of society and the regulator of economy. From a global perspective, social security has a development history of 1.20 years, and it has been improving day by day after many world economic depressions, showing its powerful functions in regulating income distribution, alleviating social contradictions, promoting economic development and promoting long-term stability of the country. Especially in the economic crisis, social security is not only an important guarantee to eliminate people's fears and calm people's hearts, but also plays a particularly important role in stimulating consumption and stimulating economic recovery. The establishment of social security system is an important symbol of a modern country and an important responsibility of a modern government.
Since the founding of New China, the social security system in China has grown from scratch. After years of hard work, the framework system of social security with China characteristics has been initially established: five social insurance systems, namely, basic old-age insurance, basic medical insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance, have been basically established and gradually improved; The urban and rural social assistance system focusing on the minimum living security has basically taken shape; The coverage of various social security systems has been continuously expanded, and the level of security has been steadily improved. Especially in recent years, we have further accelerated the pace of social security system construction: in 2003, a new rural cooperative medical system was established, and in the same year, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on Work Injury Insurance; Continue to improve the basic old-age insurance system in cities and towns, expand the pilot of individual accounts, and basically realize the national and provincial overall planning of old-age insurance; In 2007, the minimum living security system for rural residents and the basic medical insurance system for urban residents were established; In 2009, China launched the pilot project of new rural social endowment insurance, and introduced the method of transferring and continuing the endowment insurance relationship with the emphasis on migrant workers. The great achievements made in the construction of social security system in China indicate that we are realizing a historic leap from the traditional family security and unit security in the planned economy period to today's social security.
But overall, China's social security system is still not perfect. The main problems are: the development of urban and rural social security is unbalanced, and the vast rural areas are seriously lagging behind; The coverage of some basic security systems is relatively narrow, the level of fund overall planning is low, and the level of security is not high. In particular, the social security problems of farmers, migrant workers, landless farmers, urban unemployed people and urban and rural disabled people are more prominent. All these require us to speed up the improvement of the social security system.
The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a comprehensive plan for establishing a social security system with China characteristics, and proposed to speed up the improvement of the social security system based on social insurance, social assistance and social welfare, focusing on the basic old-age care, basic medical care and minimum living security system, supplemented by charity and commercial insurance. By 2020, we will achieve the goal of "basically establishing a social security system covering urban and rural residents, and everyone will enjoy basic living security". This is the overall planning and deployment of China's social security system construction at present and in the future. Achieving this goal is related to the national movement, benefiting the whole people, the present age and the descendants of Zebei, which is of special significance in the great cause of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics. To improve the social security system, we should focus on the following three aspects:
First, clear the basic principles of improving the social security system. The coverage and level of social security in countries all over the world vary greatly, which is not only related to the stage and level of economic and social development, but also related to political systems and historical traditions. But as far as the basic principles and basic security matters of system construction are concerned, they are similar. After years of practice, we have summed up the word 12, that is, "wide coverage, basic protection, multi-level and sustainable", which can also be said to be the basic policy of the social security system. Perfecting the social security system is a huge livelihood project, which cannot be accomplished overnight and needs long-term unremitting efforts.
Second, deepen the reform of the social security system. We will continue to improve the urban basic old-age insurance system, gradually establish individual accounts, and speed up the coverage of all kinds of urban workers, including migrant workers. The new rural social endowment insurance should pay attention to summing up experience in practice, perfecting the system, and strive to accelerate the expansion of coverage. Reform the pension system of government agencies and institutions. Vigorously develop enterprise annuities and occupational annuities. We will improve the minimum living security system for urban and rural residents, so as to ensure that everything is guaranteed and steadily raise the security standard. Accelerate system integration and gradually realize the unification of the basic social security system and the connection between urban and rural areas. It is necessary to speed up the establishment of a unified national social security socialized service system and realize the trans-regional transfer and connection of social security relations. Improve the social security management information system, establish personal lifelong social security number, and realize national networking as soon as possible.
Third, increase investment in social security. It is necessary to speed up the improvement of the public finance system and steadily increase the proportion of fiscal and social security expenditure in the national fiscal expenditure. Financial and social security investment should focus on farmers with special difficulties, migrant workers, landless farmers, urban unemployed people and urban and rural disabled people. Social security investment is the common responsibility of employers, employees and the government. It is necessary to rationally divide the responsibilities of the three parties and form a scientific sharing mechanism. It is necessary to accelerate the expansion of social security coverage, strengthen fund collection, increase payment income, and strengthen fund supervision.