Jinan is the capital city of Shandong Province, with Mount Tai in the south and the Yellow River in the north. It is a famous historical and cultural city in China and the first batch of excellent tourist cities in China, with rich tourism resources. In addition, Jinan is known as the "Spring City", with Baotu Spring, the first spring in the world. At the same time, there are more than 700 natural springs in the city, forming a unique spring landscape of "every spring meets willow" in Jinan. There are so many springs in Jinan that it is rare in China. In Qing Dynasty, Shen said in Leisure Garden: "The old is ninety, and the new is fifty-five", *** 145. Ji 'nan Annals compiled during Daoguang period said: "There are 151 springs". During the Qianlong period, there were 120 literati. The statement in "Tingquan Zhai Ji" was more realistic: "There are 72 famous springs in the world, 59 famous springs, and the rest are unknown." According to the investigation of Shandong First Hydrogeological Team 1964, there are 108 natural spring pools in the urban area alone. The investigation materials of Jinan Urban Planning and Construction Leading Group in 1980 listed 1 19 spring pools. 1983,1In June and July, 1998, the Municipal Bureau of Landscape Architecture and the Municipal Mingquan Protection and Management Office conducted an investigation based on the above records, and found a total of 139 famous springs in the urban area. As of June 1998, there are 103 spring pools that are basically intact, of which 4 1 is 72 springs listed in the famous spring monument in Jin Quan. These spring pools are concentrated in Qinglong Bridge in the east, Basket Street in the west, Zhengjue Temple Street in the south and Daming Lake in the north, with an area of only 2.6 square kilometers. Baotu Spring and Baotu Spring Park, the first spring in the world, are located in the center of Jinan, between Baotu Spring South Road and Luoyuan Street, with an area of 158 mu, with Qianfo Mountain in the south, quancheng square in the east and Daming Lake in the north. Baotu Spring Park is a characteristic garden with spring water as its main feature. Baotu Spring, also known as Threshold Spring, is the source of long water with a history of 2700 years. Baotu spring, three holes concurrent, sound like hidden thunder. "Spring is full, and the water is like a wheel." The spring water is kept at around 18 degrees Celsius all the year round. In winter, the water vapor curled up like a thin layer of smoke. On the one hand, the spring pool is deep and sparkling, and on the other hand, the pavilions are carved by painters, which constitutes a wonderful fairyland on earth. Famous writers, philosophers and poets of past dynasties, such as Su Shi, Zhang, Pu Songling, etc. , have excellent works and beautiful prose. Genesis: Modern geologists believe that Jinan spring water comes from the mountainous area in the south of the city. Atmospheric precipitation seeps into the ground and flows northward along the inclined direction of rock stratum until the urban area is blocked by intrusive rock mass, and the confined water emerges from the surface to form spring water. The southern mountainous area of Jinan is the remnant vein of Mount Tai, with Zhongshan, low mountains and hills from south to north. The urban area has become the combination zone of the piedmont inclined plain and the Yellow River alluvial plain, with a height difference of more than 500 meters. This terrain is high in the south and low in the north, which is conducive to the collection of surface water and groundwater in the urban area. Geologically, the southern mountainous area belongs to the northern wing of Taishan uplift, which is a gentle monoclinal structure. Many small fault blocks have been formed by the cutting of faults on the north side, among which Qianfoshan fault block is the structural basis of urban springs. Pre-Sinian metamorphic rocks are the basement of mountainous areas, on which there are 1000 meters thick CAMBRIAN and Ordovician limestone. The dip angle of the strata is 3 ~ 15 degrees, and it is buried under the Quaternary sediments in the urban area. In the long geological age, these soluble limestones have developed karst landforms after many tectonic movements and long-term dissolution, and formed a large number of karst gullies, caves, underground rivers and so on. Together, they form a vein-like underground network, which can store and transport groundwater. The northern part of the city is Yanshanian gabbro body with fine texture, hard rock and good waterproof performance. There is a Qianfoshan fault passing through Wei Yi Road in the west of Qianfoshan fault block; Yangtouyu fault in the east passes through jiefang bridge and Laodongmen, forming water-blocking rock mass in the east, west and north, forming a drainage unit with three sides closed. In the southern mountainous area, limestone is exposed, and fractured karst is developed, which absorbs a lot of atmospheric precipitation and surface runoff and penetrates into the ground to form rich fractured karst water. These fissured karst waters, blocked by Archean metamorphic rocks, move horizontally to the north along the inclined direction of rock strata, forming an underground undercurrent. When the urban area is blocked by intrusive rocks and blocked by faults, underground undercurrents gather in large quantities, changing from horizontal movement to vertical upward movement, which promotes karst development and water level rise. Under the strong hydrostatic pressure, groundwater passes through karst fractures, grabs the ground in the contact zone between limestone and intrusive rocks and weak Quaternary sediments, and gushes out of the ground.

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