homework
Course Name: Regional Culture (Ben)
Campus (Workstation) Baoji Campus Longxian County Teaching School
Specialized administration
Student ID1361001256880
Student name Populus euphratica
July 20 14
Abstract: In human geography, geography such as race, nationality, population, society, politics, culture, settlement and military can be divided according to its elements. Cultural geography is to study the relationship between human culture and environment and the cultural landscape formed in the evolution of its origin and diffusion. Generally speaking, geographical environment is the stage of cultural development, which directly or indirectly affects the development of some cultures.
Keywords: culture, regional structure of Sanqin, natural conditions, thought
Sanqin regional culture
I. Overview
Sanqin culture is an organic part of China culture, and the relationship between Sanqin culture and China culture is the unity of opposites of cultural diversity and unity. Similarly, as a whole, Sanqin culture is not completely consistent, and its content presents the unity of opposites of diversity and unity. The expression of cultural diversity in Sanqin is not only the embodiment of cultural laws, but also the result of the influence of Qin's natural geographical environment. The function of natural conditions makes the Sanqin culture present a small and relatively independent region, which is embodied in three major cultural regions.
The name of Sanqin culture originated from the land of Sanqin, which refers to the historical regional culture or traditional regional culture that grew and developed on the land of Sanqin. It includes not only the culture after the dispute between Chu and Han, but also the culture of Zhou, Qin and even the previous week. In a word, all cultures that have occurred and developed on the land of Sanqin since ancient times belong to the category of Sanqin culture. The cultural connotation of Sanqin is extremely rich, including not only the rich historical relics and cultural remains on the land of Sanqin, but also folk customs, institutions, art, religion, thoughts, academics, philosophy and ethics, as well as deep-seated views on nature, universe, life and values.
Second, the regional composition of Sanqin culture
Sanqin land is located in the east and north of the central part of the motherland, east longitude 105. 29'~ 1 1 1。 15', latitude 3 1. 42'~ 39。 35'。 It is 863 kilometers long from north to south and 400 kilometers wide from east to west, covering an area of about 206,000 square kilometers. It is adjacent to Mongolia, Shanxi, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Gansu and Ningxia provinces. The whole landform is dominated by plateau, followed by mountain, and Sichuan plain is less.
When understanding regional culture, we should not only pay attention to the overall grasp, but also pay attention to micro-analysis. Sanqin culture is a regional culture of Sanqin formed in the geographical environment of Qin. Affected by the natural environment, it can be roughly divided into loess plateau culture, Guanzhong plain culture and southern Shaanxi mountain culture (or northern Shaanxi culture, Guanzhong culture and southern Shaanxi culture). The natural environment of Qin land can be divided into three different regions: the Loess Plateau in the north, the Guanzhong Plain in the middle and the Qinba Mountain area in the south. There are some differences in the cultures developed in these three relatively isolated natural areas, namely, northern Shaanxi culture, Guanzhong culture and southern Shaanxi culture. Northern Shaanxi culture belongs to the loess plateau culture and is formed under the influence of the loess plateau environment. It is influenced by the grassland culture from the north to some extent, and has the characteristics of rough, bold and relatively open. Guanzhong culture is a plain culture and a typical farming culture. Guanzhong is surrounded by mountains on three sides, facing the water on one side, and the terrain is relatively closed; The soil here is fertile, the climate is suitable, irrigation is convenient, and agriculture is developed. Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang dynasties all built their capitals here. Influenced by it, the early Guanzhong culture had a positive pioneering spirit; However, after the capital moved out of Guanzhong, Guanzhong culture was influenced by the closed natural environment and restricted by feudal agriculture rooted in Weihe Plain, showing more conservatism. Southern Shaanxi culture is a mountain culture in Qin area, which has the same characteristics as Sanqin culture and some characteristics of Yangtze River basin culture. Sanqin culture presents three different cultural regions, which are directly influenced by Qin's natural geographical environment.
Thirdly, the regional characteristics of Sanqin culture.
The formation and development of culture is always carried out in a certain time and space, and is influenced and restricted by the geographical environment, so it has a distinct regional imprint. The same is true of Sanqin culture, which has obvious regional characteristics due to the natural conditions of Qin. The regional characteristics of Sanqin culture are remarkable. Below we only make a brief summary analysis from the big aspect.
(A) Sanqin culture has pioneering spirit in the early stage, and gradually tends to be closed and conservative in the later stage.
Sanqin land is located in the inland of the motherland, and the terrain is relatively closed. The Loess Plateau is surrounded by mountains in the north, Hengshan Mountain in the north, Ziwuling Mountain in the west and Huanglong Mountain in the southeast. In addition, Shanxi is separated by the Yellow River to the east, so the traffic is extremely inconvenient. The southern part of Qin is mainly mountainous, which lies between Qinling and Bashan. Although it is beautiful, the traffic is extremely inconvenient, especially in many mountainous areas. There is the Qinchuan Plain in Guanzhong, but the closure is more prominent. Surrounded by mountains on three sides and water in the east, the Guanzhong Plain is separated from other places. The developed agricultural economy in Guanzhong Plain enabled it to develop independently from other places in ancient times, thus creating conditions for the formation of an independent and closed development model. Under the influence of this relatively closed geographical environment, the Sanqin culture formed and developed tends to be closed and conservative.
The early Sanqin culture was influenced by the national culture with Guanzhong as its capital, especially the direct influence of Han and Tang culture, showing pioneering vitality. In the history of China, there were 1 1 regimes with Guanzhong as their capital. [5] Chang 'an established its capital alone 1225. Due to the establishment of political power, the traffic of Qin State has been developed, the blockade and closure of the terrain have been broken, and a traffic network extending in all directions with Chang 'an as the center has been built. Sanqin culture is directly influenced by Guanzhong national culture with Guanzhong as its capital. In particular, the positive spirit of the prosperous culture in Han and Tang dynasties, such as the spirit of opening up and reform and the spirit of integration and innovation, had a direct and significant impact on Sanqin culture, making it show pioneering spirit in the early historical stage. For example, Sima Qian was born in Hancheng, and he grew up in the cultural environment of Sanqin. We can see the pioneering spirit of Sanqin culture from him. After the Tang Dynasty, the capital moved out of Guanzhong, and the national political and cultural center gradually moved eastward and southward. During this period, the culture of Sanqin was gradually weakened by the influence of national culture, so the development speed gradually slowed down and the culture was not as prosperous as in the early days. At the same time, the geographical environment, especially the closed terrain, has increasingly exposed the negative impact on Sanqin culture, and the negative role of small-scale peasant economy has made Sanqin culture gradually closed and conservative since the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
(2) The natural conditions of Qin make Sanqin culture have strong characteristics of farming culture.
Natural conditions such as topography, soil, water conservancy, climate and resources determine the economic development of a place. For example, some places are suitable for agriculture, some are suitable for animal husbandry, and some are suitable for the development of industry and commerce. Economic development affects the development of local culture. In this way, natural conditions ultimately affect the development of local culture by restricting economic development (economic environment), and local culture therefore has regional characteristics.
Due to the limitation of natural conditions, the economic development of Qin is mainly agriculture. The loess plateau in the north is loose and thick, but the climate is drier as it goes north. This condition makes its economy develop both agriculture and animal husbandry, with agriculture as the main industry in the south and animal husbandry as the main industry in the north. There are 800 Li Qinchuan in Guanzhong Basin, which is alluvial by Weihe River. Plain area has extremely fertile soil, convenient irrigation and warm and humid climate, which is an excellent place to develop agriculture. Guanzhong agriculture has a long history and is extremely developed. It is one of the important agricultural areas in ancient China. The southern part of Qin is dominated by mountains, and there are also small areas of plains, which are alluvial by rivers such as the Han River. It belongs to subtropical climate, humid and rainy, and its economic development is mainly based on agriculture. Different from Guanzhong, rice is the main crop. Generally speaking, natural conditions determine that the economic development of Qin is mainly based on agriculture.
Qin's agricultural economy had an important influence on Sanqin culture, which made it have the characteristics of farming culture. In ancient China, agriculture was the foundation of the country, and agricultural production was developed. This kind of economic environment has played an important role in culture, which makes the traditional culture show agricultural culture to a great extent. The same is true of Sanqin culture, which has strong characteristics of farming culture, manifested in the life interest of the promised land, the social tradition of attaching importance to agriculture and neglecting business, and the ideological tendency of being pragmatic and neglecting empty space.
(3) The Sanqin culture cultivated by Qin environment still has a nostalgic historical inertia.
The land of Sanqin, especially the superior natural conditions in Guanzhong area, made many dynasties and political powers in ancient China build their capitals here, thus promoting the economic and cultural prosperity of Qin. The open and advanced culture of Han and Tang Dynasties, which was in the rising period of feudal society, directly influenced Sanqin culture. In the early stage of Sanqin culture, it was full of vigor and vitality, just like the momentum displayed by Han and Tang cultures. Sima Qian, Zhang Qian, Ban Chao, Du Mu, Wei Zhuang and Xue Tao emerged as great men with broad minds, brilliant talents, extraordinary temperament and pioneering spirit. As a regional culture, the early development of Sanqin culture attracted worldwide attention. However, after the Tang Dynasty, the economic development of Qin gradually slowed down, and the cultural development was not as prosperous as the previous period. There are at least the following reasons for this situation: first, with the national economic center moving eastward and southward, countries have moved out of Guanzhong, and Guanzhong has lost its position as the national political and cultural center, thus adversely affecting the economic and cultural development of Qin; The second is to close.
Although the natural conditions in the Central Plains are superior and suitable for farming, the limited area is not conducive to large-scale development, and the area suitable for farming in the north and south of Qin is also limited. Third, the destruction of war is not conducive to the economic and cultural development of Qin. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the Sanqin area was at the forefront of the war for a long time, and it was a turbulent zone where the Han regime and the minority regime attacked and defended each other, which seriously hindered the development of Qin area.
After the prosperity of Sanqin culture in Tang and Song Dynasties turned to decline, it gradually bred a nostalgic historical inertia in its culture. This historical inertia was bred and grown in the soil of small-scale peasant economy after the historical turning point of Sanqin culture. The culture nurtured by the feudal small-scale peasant economy in the sea of Wang Yang makes people more comfortable with the status quo, value land and happiness, and be satisfied with contentment. Even if they are dissatisfied with the reality, they will not actively strive to innovate, change and transform the reality and achieve their ideal goals; On the contrary, more often, I eliminate my dissatisfaction psychologically and seek spiritual satisfaction and comfort by recalling the past satisfaction and grand occasion, which is like the spirit of Ah Q summarized by Mr. Lu Xun. The historical development of Sanqin culture is from prosperity to decline, which is unacceptable in reality. People think of the grand occasion of the land of Sanqin in the past, the open atmosphere of Han and Tang dynasties, and. . . In the long run, it will accumulate in the Sanqin culture and form a nostalgic historical inertia.
Until today, this kind of inertia psychology still exists in Qin people to varying degrees. The Millennium Imperial Capital not only left people with rich historical sites and monuments, but also left people with a tendency of consciousness decline. These are all problems that must be overcome in the revitalization and development of Sanqin culture.
Fourthly, the fine traditions and ideological characteristics of Sanqin culture.
(A) the idea of harmony between man and nature dominated by human nature
One of the basic characteristics of China traditional culture is the unity of heaven and man. From Sima Qian to Zhang Zai, from Zhou and Qin culture to Guanzhong Academy in Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, people and nature are regarded as an organic unity. The natural environment can not only affect life, but also affect life and environment. It is believed that people have life and aura, and naturally there is life and aura. It is under the inspiration of this spirit that Sanqin's father and elder are endless, carrying forward the spirit of struggle, creating their own culture and depicting their ideal realm.
(2) the spirit of openness and the cultural psychology of attaching importance to practicality and utility.
Based on small-scale peasant economy! Qinchuan is located in the northwest loess plateau, with Tongguan in the east, Qinling in the south, Gobi and sand dunes in the west and north. If we want to develop, we must open to the outside world with a positive and enterprising spirit. History has proved that Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang dynasties all developed from Guanzhong to the whole country and quickly became the national political, economic and cultural center. In addition, Sanqin culture is enriched and developed on the basis of absorbing the outstanding achievements of Central Plains culture, Oriental Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and Buddhism. In the process of developing eastward, Qin people naturally developed a cultural mentality that emphasized practicality and utility. Of course, this ideological feature is not fixed. In the early stage of the development of Sanqin culture, it clearly showed its openness and enthusiasm. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the shift of economic and political center, Sanqin culture has gradually become conservative and closed.
(3) the simple atmosphere of seeking truth from facts and respecting Confucius, and the nostalgic mentality of loving traditional culture.
Qin people are simple and ancient. From Sima Qian to Zhang Zai, they all emphasized etiquette and advocated pragmatism. Zhang Zai: "Scholars in Guanzhong are gradually prospering with courtesy." Cheng commented: "Guanzhong people are brave and fearless." Sure enough, Fan Jiang commented on Li Yindu in Song Xueyuan's The Origin of Chinese Dynasty: "Life is full of integrity, and people need it urgently. Lin Ting was framed on the left side of the mountain, but he walked three thousand miles and cried at sunset. To be straightforward and criticize others is inconsistent with Mao Qiling's theory of ancient rhyme, and Qiling argues vigorously. Because he was angry, he couldn't answer, so he drew his sword and left. At that time, it was said that it was a pleasure. " Therefore, Qin people advocate "Tao is not empty talk, learning is expensive and effective."
In a word, Sanqin culture is an important part of China culture and occupies an extremely important position in the history of China's cultural development. Before 906 AD, Sanqin culture had concentrated the achievements of Chinese civilization, symbolized by Chang 'an in Han and Tang Dynasties, and shone all over the world in full swing. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Sanqin, as the military center of the temporary northwest, still made outstanding contributions in history by virtue of its geographical and humanistic advantages. The painting art of Sanqin culture has a long history, from Banpo painting in prehistoric times to famous paintings in Tang and Song Dynasties, to Chang 'an painting school today, from neat and delicate palace painting to rough and bold folk painting, forming an artistic style which is inseparable from the mainstream culture of China and has regional cultural characteristics, which is worth studying.
References:
(1) Lu Peng. Historical origin and characteristics of Sanqin culture [J]. Lanzhou Academic Journal, 20 1 1(2).
② Mao Xi. The natural environment and the regional characteristics of Sanqin culture [J]. Tang Dou Daily, 1997(3).
③ He Jinming. Look at Sanqin culture from books [M]. Xi 'an: Sanqin Publishing House, 2005.
(4) Zang Zhen. Cultural exchange and the rise and fall of Sanqin [J]. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University 1993(4).
⑤ Zhao Jihui. Sanqin culture [M]. Taiyuan: Shanxi Education Press, 2006.