This method is especially suitable for the research and elaboration of theoretical problems, as well as the research and writing of dissertations and manuscripts.
When Mao Tianqi of the Institute of Economics of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences co-authored On Socialist Economy with Sun, he summarized the research methods of Marxist economics as the combination of undressing and dressing, logical deduction and historical process. I found it vivid, so I borrowed it here. Specifically, "undressing method" refers to the research method from concrete to abstract, that is, the research should proceed from concrete, fully occupy all kinds of materials, take off all kinds of external appearances of the research object layer by layer, think abstractly like undressing, and form an understanding of the essence of things; The "dressing method" of expression refers to the expression method from abstract to concrete, that is, when expressing one's own research results, starting from the most abstract core, gradually adding various social phenomena to unify logical deduction with historical development.
2. Self-centeredness in research and reader-centeredness in writing.
The research emphasizes "I think" and a spirit of independent thinking, but writing emphasizes "the other" and a sense of readers.
When many people write articles for the first time, they often follow their own ideas and write as they want. But academic papers are different from papers. You must ask, why did I write this article? What's the difference between this article and similar articles? What's the point? Can it arouse the interest of editors and readers? You need to remind yourself that you must consider your paper from the reader's point of view: why should readers read my paper? Why should people pay attention to our research? What kind of academic resources can our research provide for other people's research? According to our research, what can others do next? What questions will readers have? How to write a paper so that readers can read it more clearly? This way of thinking is the same as when preparing a report: before making a report, you should not only know what important points you want to talk about, but also know who the audience is. What kind of information do they want to get by listening to the report? How to speak is valuable to the audience? How to establish the connection between your report and the audience? This is similar to the principle of advertising and consumer psychology, which is to analyze what the audience cares about and needs. This point (from the reader's point of view) is simple to say, but difficult to do, because it is a very subtle method, which is difficult for ordinary people to master.
3. The "presence" of writing consciousness and the "absence" of the subject of the paper.
The writing of the above articles, like academic reports, needs to have the consciousness of "the other" (readers and listeners), so that the giver can interact with the audience and the thoughts and knowledge can grow in the flow. However, once the paper is published, the writing subject begins to "lose the field", that is to say, at this time, your thoughts are completely spoken through words, and the subject is not allowed to supplement and defend. This requires us to be clear and rigorous in defining concepts, expounding opinions, establishing arguments and logical reasoning when writing.
How to ensure that the main body of the paper is "absent" and let readers accept your point of view? In addition to the basic academic norms and requirements, the topic selection and conception should also consider "universality", not "great" or "important", but acceptable to the audience. This is like "type O blood" as a universal blood transfusion, which is acceptable to people.
Sui and egoism coexist at the same time. We need to find topics that the audience and we are * * * interested in and make them clear as soon as possible. Then, your audience will be willing to accept your information with an open attitude. You must build credibility from the beginning, so that your audience can build trust in your information. Any kind of communication must understand the needs of the audience. Before any kind of communication begins, you must know who the audience is and what they need, so that you can put forward your views and theories around these needs.
4. "Defense" and "criticism" in writing and revision
To help you think carefully, the article needs to be revised. When revising an article, we should stand on the opposite side of ourselves, treat our article critically with the eyes of reviewers, and improve the level of the article through constant revision. Never be blindly optimistic and confident about your article. If you get straw and think you get gold bars, you will miss it. You can also ask experts, peers and classmates to help you read the article, put forward sharp opinions, and then make corrections. It is very useful to revise the article from the point of view of the reviewer. Therefore, you can take your own pulse or ask someone who knows how to do it to be a "mock reviewer" and make changes according to your opinions, so as to improve the level of the paper and improve the hit rate of the paper.
All of the above have been done, and there are many "tactics" in the writing of the thesis. We should pay attention to the rationality of the article structure, the fluency of transition, the rigor of logical deduction and the conciseness of the topic of the paper.