Reference is the whole reference or quotation of a book or a paper in the process of academic research. The cited documents have been noted in the notes and no longer appear in the following references.

Literally, a reference is a document cited in the writing process, such as an article or a book. However, according to the definition of GB/T 77 14-20 15, the reference after the text refers to the relevant literature information resources cited for writing or editing papers and works.

According to the requirements of China Academic Journals (CD-ROM Edition) Retrieval and Evaluation Data Standard (Trial) and China Social Science Journals Arrangement Standard (Revised Edition), many publications distinguish between references and annotations, and define annotations as "words that further explain or supplement a certain content in a text", which are listed at the end of the article, separated from references or placed at the footer.

Extended data

References, also known as bibliography, are important articles and books used by the author to refer to and quote in the process of writing papers. After writing the paper, you should edit the bibliography and attach it to the paper.

The purpose of reference records is mainly manifested in the following aspects:

1, which reflects the author's scientific attitude, shows that the paper has real and extensive scientific basis, and also reflects the starting point and depth of the paper. Scientific and technological research is inherited, and current research is based on past research. Today's research results or research work are generally the continuation and development of previous research work or research results.

Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the previous work when expounding the background, reason and purpose of the research. Recording references can not only explain the evidence, but also clearly explain the starting point and depth of the paper.

2. It is convenient to distinguish the author's achievements from others' research achievements. Although the research results reported in the paper are the author's own, it is inevitable to quote the previous research results in the process of elaboration and demonstration. If you mark the quoted parts, the achievements of others will be clear. This not only reflects the author's respect for the work of others, but also eliminates the suspicion of plagiarism and plagiarism.

3. It can serve as an index. Readers can easily access a series of research materials related to this research direction by retrospective method through recorded references.

4. It can save the length of the article. Some contents that need to be expressed in the paper do not need to be explained in detail in the existing literature, but only need to be recorded at the end of the paper.

5. It is helpful for scientific and technological information personnel to carry out information research and bibliometrics research.

Descriptive principles of references:

1, only the most needed and latest documents are recorded. Documentaries should be carefully selected, limited to the author's personal access and direct reference in the paper.

2. Record only the published literature. Public publication refers to publication in domestic and foreign newspapers or officially published books. Internal publications and internal materials should not be used as reference. This is because internal information is hard to find, and information that is not made public may be kept secret.

3. Adopt standardized description format. When using sequential coding, the cited documents are coded with Arabic numerals in the order in which they appear in the paper, and the serial numbers are placed in square brackets, which are superscript or part of the sentence according to the specific situation, and then recorded in the bibliography at the end of the paper from top to bottom.

When recording the serial number, write it in the upper left box of Arabic numerals without punctuation, and then write an item in the blank box.

When describing the author, for individual authors, including translators and editors, the name is always the first and last (the Chinese and foreign languages are the same); Names can be abbreviated with initials (capital letters), but not with abbreviations. When the authors are three or less, they should all be written, separated by ","; If there are more than three people, only the first three people are listed, and then the word "equality" is added. When describing the title of a book, publication or book, do not indicate the book number.

At the end of the article, the contents of "references" are generally arranged in the following order: serial number, main person in charge, document title (book title, title or publication name), document identification code, place of publication, publisher, year of publication, and starting and ending page numbers.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-References